Author: Ju 10, 2007

Since the concept of eco-city was put forward in 1970s, all countries in the world have been exploring and practicing the theory of eco-city. At present, the United States, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and some European Union countries have successfully carried out eco-city construction. These eco-cities provide examples for eco-city construction in other countries in the world in terms of land use mode, transportation mode, community management mode and urban space greening. Studying the planning and management experience of these eco-cities is undoubtedly of positive guiding significance to the construction of eco-cities in China.

Curitiba Brazil

Curitiba, Brazil is a big city in southeast Brazil, a South American country. It is the seventh largest city in Brazil with a beautiful environment. 1990 was named "Ecological Capital of Brazil" and "Model of Urban Ecological Planning" by the United Nations. The city has been praised by the world for its sustainable urban planning, especially the development of public transport, which is highly praised by the International Public Transport Federation, and Curitiba is also highly praised by the World Bank and the World Health Organization. The city's waste recovery and recycling measures and energy-saving measures have also been praised by the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Energy Protection Agency respectively.

Berkeley, USA

American ecologist Richard Register, the founder of the international eco-city movement, founded the Urban Ecological Research Association in 1975, and then he led the organization to carry out a series of eco-city construction activities in Berkeley on the west coast of the United States. Under its influence, the American government attaches great importance to the development of eco-agriculture and the construction of eco-industrial parks, which has effectively promoted the sustainable development of the city, and Berkeley is therefore regarded as a model of global "eco-city" construction.

Richard Regis believes that an eco-city should be a three-dimensional, comprehensive and compound model, rather than a plane and random model. Like ecosystems, cities should be compact and designed for people, not cars. Moreover, in the process of building an eco-city, we should greatly reduce the "marginal damage" to nature, prevent the city from spreading and let the city return to nature.

Adelaide, Australia

"Shadow Planning" was put forward on the basis of Richard Register's thought. 1992 when attending the second eco-city conference in Adelaide, he was surprised to find that the ministers and cabinets of the Australian government were called "shadow ministers" and "shadow cabinets", so he put forward the idea of "shadow planning". "Shadow planning" shows us how to create an eco-city, a very clear urban ecological planning and development framework.

Adelaide is a successful case of "shadow planning", which spans 300 years, from the beginning of 1836 to the completion of the eco-city in 2 136, and describes the changes of Adelaide in Australia in the past 300 years. The whole "shadow plan" consists of six parts.

Malm?, Sweden

Malm? is the third largest city in Sweden and has long been an industrial and trading city. However, due to the impact of high-tech industries, the old industries are facing closure and transformation, which makes the whole city of Malmo face urban transformation. Based on the consensus of Malm? municipal government and Swedish government on "ecological sustainable development and future welfare society", they hope to turn Malm? western coastal area into a world-leading sustainable development area through transformation. 1996, public and private organizations such as Malm?, Sweden and the European Union held the European Architecture Expo, which was an advanced attempt to achieve sustainable development through regional planning, architecture and community management. This project is called B00 1, also known as "the city of tomorrow", which was promoted by the European Union in 200 1 year.

Kitakyushu, Japan

Kitakyushu, Japan, has been building an eco-city with the main content of reducing garbage and realizing a recycling society since the 1990s, and put forward the concept that "the waste generated by one industry is used by other industries, and the overall waste discharge in the region is zero". Its specific plans include: environmental industry construction (building a comprehensive environmental industrial zone including household appliances, waste glass and plastic recycling utilization), development of new environmental technologies (building a research center focusing on developing new environmental technologies and conducting practical research on developed technologies) and comprehensive social development (building a basic research and education base centered on cultivating environmental policy and technical personnel).

It is one of the experiences of ecological construction in Kitakyushu that citizens actively participate and the government encourages and guides them. In order to improve the public's awareness of environmental protection, Kitakyushu has carried out various levels of publicity activities. For example, the government organized a "non-idling activity" for cars to make publicity signs to control automobile exhaust emissions; The spontaneous activity of "family bookkeeping" links family living expenses with sulfur dioxide emission reduction; A "clean city activity" with the theme of beautifying the environment was launched.

Singapore

When it comes to "garden city", people first think of Singapore. The reason why Singapore can become a world-famous "garden city" is inseparable from people's concern for nature, the harmony between man and nature, and the pursuit of harmony between man and nature. The essence of "garden city" and "garden city" should be "harmony between man and nature", rather than people-oriented and unlimited demand from nature. The prosperity and development of human society should be coordinated with the reproduction and evolution of natural species, and finally create a city in harmony with nature. Singaporeans deeply feel that the highly urbanized Singapore has left less and less space for nature, so it is even more important to cherish nature and let their descendants see real living animals and plants, not just specimens.

There is a special chapter "Green and Blue Planning" in Singapore's urban planning, which is equivalent to China's urban green space system planning. The plan aims to ensure that Singapore still has a green and clean environment under the condition of rapid urbanization, and make full use of water bodies and green spaces to improve the quality of life of Singaporeans. Pay special attention to building more parks and open spaces in planning and construction; Connect the main parks with green corridors; Attach importance to protecting the natural environment; Make full use of the coastline to make the water system on the island suitable for leisure needs. In this booming city, plants create a cool environment, weaken the rigid lines of reinforced concrete frames and glass curtain walls, and increase the color of the city. The goal of urban construction in Singapore is to make people feel like they are in a garden-like city when they leave their offices, homes or schools.