Choose sons, choose land.

Choose the flat land with good traffic conditions, fertile land, leeward and sunny, sufficient sunlight and convenient irrigation to build the garden.

plant

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: dig a planting ditch according to 80cm×80cm, apply organic fertilizers such as farm manure, green manure and pig manure at the bottom of the ditch according to 5000kg/667 m2, backfill a layer of loose soil, and then apply 100kg/667 m2 ternary compound fertilizer or fruit compound fertilizer, or apply 50kq ammonium bicarbonate and 667 m2 every 667m2.

2. Seedling selection: select the rooted seedlings with tissue healing (or rooting) and full bud eyes (or germination) on the seedbed, and protect the roots with wet cloth or wet sawdust to prevent dehydration or air drying.

3. Reasonable close planting: make full use of land resources according to land fertility and fertilizer and water management. Taking a single stand as an example, the general planting specifications are 3m between rows and 3m between trees. 1m or 2m? They were 1m, 222 and 333 strains respectively.

4. Transplant time and method: Generally, the transplant time should be around Qingming.

Transplanting method: Tie a positioning line at both ends of the center of the planting ditch, dig a hole near the positioning line with a piece of bamboo about 20cm long, and transplant according to the planting specifications. When transplanting, put the bud eyes on the sunny side, and plant the seedlings with longer sections obliquely attached to the positioning line. After pouring enough root water, cover the whole planting ditch with 90 cm plastic film and seal the film mouth with semi-wet fine soil.

Seedling management

Eliminate pests and diseases

Pesticides for controlling black bean disease and white rot should be sprayed 1 time within 3 days after transplanting, generally using 50% carbendazim 800 times or 50% thiram 700 times, and then spraying 1 time every 7-1day. 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times solution can also be used alternately. If pests appear, they can be mixed with pesticides and sprayed. water

After transplanting 10 days, it is necessary to check the soil under the film 10cm thick and decide whether to water it according to the wet and dry conditions. When watering, it should not be too much. The first time and the second time, we should give priority to with small water. After the seedlings grow normally, they should be watered properly.

Fill the gap with seedlings

After the seedlings survive, they should be replenished in time according to the lack of seedlings to ensure the synchronous growth of fruit seedlings in the whole garden.

Superficial application

With quick-acting fertilizer as the main material, according to the maturity of 3, a ditch with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 20 cm can be opened near the root tip (about 40 cm in the 5-year-old dry tree), and the mixed soil of chemical fertilizer can be buried in the ditch. For grapes in full fruit stage, topdressing can be carried out before germination, before flowering, during fruit expansion, during coloring and after harvest. Before and after germination in dry spring, topdressing, mainly nitrogen and potassium, with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, is called germination accelerating fertilizer, which has good effect on promoting bud germination, inflorescence differentiation and accelerating branch growth. Seven days after flowering, the second topdressing, mainly nitrogen and potassium, is called flower-promoting fertilizer to ensure the normal flowering, pollination, fertilization and inflorescence differentiation. In addition, during this period, 0.3% borax can be sprayed on the leaves according to the situation to improve the fruit setting rate. In the berry growth period, that is, when the berries grow to the size of soybeans, in order to promote fruit expansion, enhance leaf photosynthesis, promote branch growth, and improve yield and quality, the third topdressing can be carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, that is, fruit-promoting fertilizer. After the fruit is colored, a certain amount of potassium fertilizer can be applied as needed to improve the color of the fruit and improve the commodity rate. The period from harvest to first frost at the end of 10 is an important stage for grape branches to mature, restore tree vigor and accumulate nutrients for the next year's growth. In order to supplement the nutritional consumption of grapes, the fourth topdressing should be carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium. This kind of topdressing can be combined with organic fertilizer, which can save labor and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. Foliar topdressing is a quick and effective fertilization method commonly used in agricultural production. This method can quickly restore the tree vigor, correct the deficiency of light elements, and supplement trace elements such as iron, boron and zinc that are often lacking in grape growth. The specific method is to dissolve the fertilizer in water and spray it evenly on the grape leaves according to a certain concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients should be about three thousandths). It is best to topdress the leaves in the morning to ensure that the fertilizer has enough effective wetting time for the leaves.

Branches and vines cultivation

When the seedlings grow to a certain height, each plant will be cultivated with two new shoots as the main vines instead of two new shoots. When the new bud grows to 20 cm high, the main heart will be removed and two auxiliary buds will be cultivated to form the main vine. For two new shoots, but the intensity is too obvious, remove the weak one and cultivate two main vines on the strong one to balance nutrients.

Tie branches

Whenever the vines grow to the height of a wire on the grape trellis, the tendrils and branches should be removed in time. Tie a knot with pig's trotters. It is very important to tie a knot on the wire, so it is necessary to leave a space of 5-7cm for branches and vines to grow freely and avoid wind damage. No branches

Fall to the ground to prevent infection with germs. In addition, the secondary branches below 50 cm of the main branch should be completely removed. When wiping the secondary branches, we should pay attention to protect the winter buds and wipe them in the opposite direction.

If plants grow vigorously, we should pay attention to observing whether there is a lack of trace elements and replenish the trace elements needed by plants in time. Generally, 600-fold liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 fold is sprayed every10/5d, and 500-fold liquid potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed 2-3 times after July.

Plastics and frames

Single dragon stem shaping, the length of a main vine is 1.5m, and the two sides of the front end are evenly distributed to produce 10 mother branches. There are 12 branches, each branch is about 20cm apart. For every 1 fruiting branch, arrange 1 vegetative branch, and rotate fruiting technology and vegetative branches every year. The height of the shed surface is 1.5m, so that grapes can grow under the shed and prevent sunburn.

Pruning work

1. Winter scissors

Prune again in 1 year, leaving 1 mother branch with a length of 20cm, and the length of main vine in the second year 1 m, using 3? 5 fruiting branches, each remaining 1? Two buds. In the third year, the shed has been covered. Leave 1.5 at this time? 2m main vine, leave 10 on it? 12 fruiting branches, half fruiting, leaving 2 for each fruiting branch? 3 bud cutting; The other half is used as vegetative branches and reserve branches, leaving 1? Cut two more buds.

2. Summer scissors

liana

Fix the new tips on the scaffold, distribute evenly and occupy space reasonably.

B-strip heart

In view of the small leaves of red grapes, leave 7? Core removal of leaves is beneficial to control vigorous growth, promote branch maturity, thicken leaves and turn green, and improve photosynthetic efficiency.

Sparse panicle whole panicle

According to the principle that the vegetative branch: fruiting branch is 2: 1, the inflorescence on the vegetative branch is thinned. Pinch off the tip of the ear to make the ear shape inverted trapezoid, remove the secondary ear, and sparse some fruits when the fruit is crowded.

bagging

It can reduce the infection of pests and diseases, reduce the harm of sunburn, avoid the occurrence of drug damage and ensure the smoothness of fruit surface. You can choose Kobayashi bag from Japan. Pick a broken bag half a month ago for easy coloring. Main vine topping

When the main vine grows to the height of 1.2- 1.5m, the stem tips of the main vine should be picked in time to concentrate nutrition and promote the maturity of the tree. After coring, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1 times should be applied in time, and phosphorus fertilizer 15kg and potassium fertilizer 5kg should be applied every 667 square meters. 25cm away from the seedlings, open a fertilization ditch with a depth of 15cm, cover the soil and water after fertilization.

According to the plant growth, check the ground dryness and humidity in time. Generally, in the dry season, water 15d or so 1 time. After each watering, loosen the soil to promote the growth of seedlings, and timely eliminate waterlogging in rainy season.

Management method of raisins

orderly

The low temperature time in our area is short, and the nutrient backflow is not obvious. We should pay attention to the observation of the trees, and prune them after the lowest temperature in the year with the least bleeding, usually in the first half of the solar calendar 1. When pruning, the plants should be layered high and low on the shelf. Low branch shears are 50-40cm, and high branch shears are 70-80cm. The diameter of the incision is 1cm and less than 1cm. When pruning, make sure that there are more than 2 full bud eyes under the cut. In order to solve the problem of empty shelf surface, we can cut the strong branches next to the weak seedlings and tie them flat to solve the problem of insufficient branches.

Qingyuan

After pruning, all debris such as fallen leaves, weeds and waste plastic films in the garden will be cleared out of the garden and burned centrally to kill the overwintering insect source.

Spray disinfectant

After clearing the garden, the fields, vines and trees in the whole garden should be thoroughly disinfected 1 time, and 5 Baume lime-sulfur mixture and 200 times sodium hypochlorite can be used for disinfection.

factory management

1. Top dressing and germination fertilizer

Before the bud germinates, open it 20 cm away from the plant? 20cm Shiyuebagou, apply 30 kg of urea every 667 square meters, cover the soil in time, and water 1 time.

Wipe the bud

According to the management principle of 1 year cultivation, 2-year fruiting and 3-year high-yield period, it is enough to leave 2 fruiting branches for each main vine in the second year. Therefore, after germination, each main vine leaves two buds from top to bottom, and the lower useless buds and double buds are erased to concentrate nutrients, replenish trees and promote germination.

Step 3: Planting

When the new shoot grows to about 10cm, it can be distinguished whether there is an inflorescence. At this time, you can choose new shoots with good inflorescences to cultivate fruiting branches. If the shelf surface is empty, you can leave more branches. Generally speaking, it is more appropriate to leave 5 fruiting branches per meter of frame surface.

Tie a branch

When new buds grow to every silk, tendrils should be removed in time, useless buds should be erased in time, and branches should be tied in time.

5. Sparse the flowers and pick the heart

In order to concentrate nutrients on the inflorescence, when the flower buds on the inflorescence are scattered and the number of clusters can be distinguished, the flowers should be thinned in time 3 ~ 5 days before flowering, and the whiskers and accessory spikes on the inflorescence should be removed, and the 1/5 inflorescence at the tip of the inflorescence should be removed, and the inflorescence should not be left on the weak branches. In general, two inflorescences are reserved for strong branches, and the middle branches are reserved for 1 inflorescence. All the secondary branches under the second inflorescence are smoothed, and the upper secondary branches are reserved for 1 leaf core, and the top two secondary branches are reserved for 2-3 leaves core, and the secondary branches are reserved for 1 leaf core/time core.

6. Top dressing and fruit swelling.

15- 20 days after flowering, it is necessary to open a fertilization ditch with a depth of 15cm opposite to the last fertilization, and apply 20-30kg of compound fertilizer every 667 square meters. After application, cover the soil and water it in time.

7. Fruit thinning and bagging

When the fruit grows to the size of soybean, the small, abnormal, sick and insect bites on the ear should be removed in time. Spraying 1 times bactericidal insecticide after fruit thinning, and bagging with sterile grapes. If you can't wrap it within 3 days after spraying, you can only spray it again and then pack it. The selected medicine can be sprayed with 50% bactericide 800 times and farmland 800 times.

8. Pest control

It is necessary to check frequently and use drugs in time when pests and diseases are found. The selection of drugs and prevention methods can refer to seedling management.