Discuss the branch and distribution of facial artery and its significance in maxillofacial plastic surgery.
① Ascending palatine artery: Originating from the root of plane A, it is the main artery that nourishes palatine muscle. Because it goes from skull base to palate together with levator veli palatini, it is not easy to be injured in cleft palate surgery. ② Tonsillar artery: It goes up along the lateral wall of pharynx, passes between the medial pterygoid muscle and styloglossus muscle, and then passes through the superior pharyngeal constrictor to enter the palatine tonsil. ③ Inferior mental artery: It is a large branch and distributed in the skin of lower lip muscle. ④ Lower lip artery and upper lip artery: The lower lip artery rises below the corner of the mouth, and the upper lip artery rises at the corner of the mouth. Both arteries are very curved and located in the fibers behind the orbicularis oris muscle and/or on its deep surface. ⑤ Lateral nasal artery: It starts from the upper part of the mouth corner and has several small branches to the nasal side, which are anastomosed with the contralateral person in the midline. ⑥ Inner canthus artery: the continuous segment after the facial artery sends out the lateral nasal artery, and rises to the inner canthus along the nasal side at the deep surface of the medial canthus head of the upper lip square muscle. When the medial canthus artery goes to the medial canthus, it anastomoses with a dorsal nasal artery with the same diameter coming out of the orbit, and then goes up to the forehead and is renamed as the superior trochlear artery. When the flap is transferred from the forehead to repair the nasal defect, if the flap is pedicled here, it includes the superior trochlear artery.