Jasmine began to bloom in early summer. If properly managed, it can blossom in three phases.
In early June, jasmine blossoms one after another, but these flowers are generally very small and few, so we should pick them in time, otherwise it will consume too much nutrients, affect the quality and quantity of its later flowering, delay the flowering period and affect the appreciation. The method of picking flowers is to pick the tender branches with leaves, so as to promote the new branches to germinate again and flourish. At this time, light fat water is applied twice a week to keep the basin soil moist.
Late June to early July is the first stage of flowering. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, apply thin fertilizer frequently, apply/kloc-0 every two days, and apply fully decomposed organic liquid fertilizer, with the ratio of fertilizer to water of 1: 4. Watering should be sufficient, generally 2 days 1 time. Usually watering should be done in the morning and fertilizing should be done at night. This situation will last until the end of July. Due to abundant fertilizer and water, bloom has a great harvest.
In early August, the second stage of flowering, when fertilization is slightly thicker than before, it is generally appropriate to divide fertilizer and water equally. In order to promote jasmine to bloom better, calcium superphosphate solution can also be sprayed on the leaves. By the end of August, fertilization was gradually reduced, and 1 time was applied for 6 to 7 days, but more water was needed, and 1 time was maintained for 2 days.
From early September to early 10, the third stage flower is formed. At this time, fertilization should be stopped and the amount of watering should be gradually reduced. Because the weather has gradually turned cold, which will affect the formation of flower buds, the number of these flowers is small, and the flowering will end after the middle of 10, and the pot soil can be kept slightly wet.
How to make jasmine blossom more?
I. Environment and lighting
Jasmine likes a hot, humid, ventilated environment and needs plenty of light. Molly is afraid of cold. Potted jasmine in the south can be cultivated outdoors for the winter. In the north, keep warm in autumn and winter, move indoors and put it in the south direction. Strong sunlight makes branches strong, leaves dark green and flowers more fragrant, while insufficient sunlight makes flowers less fragrant.
Second, moisture.
Jasmine is not drought-tolerant, but it also avoids water accumulation. Pour out the water in the basin in time during the rainy season, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow easily. Water the leaves twice a day on a hot sunny day in summer, once in the morning and once in the evening. If you find the leaves drooping, spray water on them to promote growth.
Third, soil.
Jasmine is best planted in fertile sandy and semi-sandy soil. When planted in slightly acidic soil with pH value of 6-6.5, the root system will be dense and grow vigorously. If the soil is sticky, lack of matrix, low fertility and poor ventilation, the roots will be few, the plants will be short, the stems and leaves will be slender, and the flowers will be few and small.
Fourth, fertilization.
The high temperature season in midsummer is the peak of jasmine growth. Organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as peanut cake powder, bone meal, calcium superphosphate, multi-element flower fertilizer, etc., are applied twice a month. In summer, jasmine is often leafy but does not bloom. The main reason is that too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, resulting in too many branches and leaves. In this case, it is necessary to control fertilizer and water, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote germination, and at the same time pay attention to moving jasmine to a sunny and well-ventilated place.
Verb (short for verb) pruning
Jasmine grows very fast in summer, so it needs pruning in time. The base of potted jasmine is 10cm ~ 15cm, which will promote the growth of most stout new shoots. For example, the new shoots grow vigorously, and when they grow to 10 cm, they should be cored to promote the growth of secondary branches, so that there are many flowers and compact plant types. After the flowers wither, the branches should be cut off in time to reduce nutrient consumption, which is also conducive to promoting the growth of new shoots, making the branches dense, with more buds and more flowers.
Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of intransitive verbs
Jasmine is often attacked by moth larvae, scale insects and red spiders, especially in July-September. It often eats buds. It can be sprayed with universal powder or pyrethroid 200 times of water once every half month, even if there are no pests and diseases, so as to prevent them first and then treat them. The suitable spraying time is 9: 00 am and 4: 00 pm on sunny days, and it is not suitable to spray at noon in the scorching sun to prevent phytotoxicity.
Seven, flowering maintenance
Don't spray water on the flowers when they bloom to prevent the flowers from falling early and the fragrance from disappearing. When it rains, move the potted jasmine to a shelter.
1, fertilizer and water
In summer, when jasmine comes into full bloom, we should pay attention to keeping the soil moist. Jasmine likes fertilizer. Top-dressing 1 times of decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer every 3-5 days, or mixing a small amount of dilute liquid fertilizer in the flower watering market. If the pot soil is hardened, loosen the soil and fertilize it. In autumn, the amount of watering should be appropriately reduced and fertilization should be gradually stopped. Before the outdoor minimum temperature drops to 5 degrees, move the potted plants to the indoor sunshine. When you enter the room for the first time, be sure to open the window for ventilation. And control watering.
Jasmine belongs to a fertilizer-loving plant. It is necessary to ensure the fertility of the basin soil, which can promote the color of jasmine as jade and flowers. Generally speaking, from May, we should apply 1 times of light bean cake water every seven days, and apply thin fertilizer frequently during pregnancy and flowering in bud, and apply 1 times every five days. 5438+ 10 stopped fertilization in June. During outdoor cultivation in rainy season, dry fertilizer should be applied instead, such as bean cake powder (loosen the surface of the basin, add bean cake powder and cover it with soil). Can also cooperate with turning pots, and apply sufficient base fertilizer every 2 years. In addition, Jasmine likes acidic soil, and 0.2% ferrous sulfate water is applied every 10 day during the growing period to keep the soil acidic. Proper water control of jasmine is the key to cultivation: jasmine likes humidity, but is afraid of water accumulation. If the soil is too wet, it will rot roots and leaves, or even die.
(1) water every few days in spring and autumn 1 time.
② The temperature is high in summer, and the plants grow vigorously, so it needs watering 1 time a day; Potted plants need to spray water on their leaves 1 time in the morning and evening when choosing a humid environment. Always loosen the soil in the rainy season so that there is no water in the basin.
(3) In winter, the basin soil should be kept moist. If you water too much, the roots will turn black and rot, and the leaves will turn yellow and fall off.
prune
As the flower proverb says, "Jasmine is not pruned, showing weak branches and few flowers" and "Pruning should be tough and flowers should be stable". However, people often pay attention to fertilizer and water and neglect pruning, and even the dead branches after wintering are unwilling to prune, resulting in weak branches, small leaves, unsightly plants and insufficient flowers.
Pruning of jasmine is very important in summer, except that the delicate branches after wintering are cut off in spring, leaving only a thick base for new buds to germinate. After the failure of flowering, the branches should be kept for 3-5 knots in time, and the top should be cut off to promote the germination of new Asia. Make sure the flowers bloom.
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Jasmine is a perennial evergreen shrub, which is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Jasmine leaves are green, flowers are white as jade, and the fragrance is clear and soft. Known as the head of fragrant flowers, it has excellent ornamental value. At the same time, it also has high economic value. Jasmine is the most important fragrant camellia in China. Jasmine tea is made by scenting jasmine with tea leaves, which makes the tea taste rich and refreshing, and also has floral fragrance. Tea absorbs flowers, flowers increase tea, and camellia is integrated. Jasmine tea is not only widely loved by Chinese people, but also unique in the international market and enjoys a high reputation. Jasmine is an important raw material for extracting essence and can also be used as medicine. As a fragrant flower of tea, it can play a high economic role.
First, choose a garden
Jasmine is native to the subtropical zone and adapts to high temperature and fertile soil. The requirements for the ecological environment are: like light and fear of shade, like fat and fear of thinness, like acid and fear of alkali, like joy and fear of boredom. Therefore, when choosing a garden, we should be as close to its ecological environment as possible, and choose the land with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, rich soil, sufficient water, good drainage and irrigation and convenient transportation to plant jasmine. According to the jasmine picking season, flowers are picked every day and transported to processing plants for sale. The number of days of picking flowers is more than 200 days per year, so the place where jasmine is planted should be within 0/0 km from Jasmine Factory/KLOC, which is convenient for transportation and sales.
Second, variety selection
Jasmine belongs to Oleaceae, Jasmine is an evergreen climbing shrub. According to the investigation, there are about 60 species of jasmine in China at present, among which the main cultivated species are single-petalled jasmine, double-petalled jasmine and multi-petalled jasmine.
1. Monochrome jasmine
The plant is short, 70-90 cm high, and the stems and branches are small and vine-like, so it is called liana jasmine. The buds are a little sharp and long, smaller and lighter, and the yield is lower than that of double-petaled jasmine, higher than that of multi-petaled jasmine, which is not cold-resistant, waterlogged-resistant and weak in insect resistance.
2. Jasmine bicuspidata
It is the main variety cultivated in China for scenting scented tea. The plant is 1- 1.5m high, erect, with many branches, thick and hard stems and branches, dark green leaves, glossy leaves, larger flowers than single-petaled jasmine and multi-petaled jasmine, white, oily and waxy buds. Strong fragrance, vigorous growth and strong adaptability, and the yield of flowers (more than 3 years) can reach more than 500 kilograms per mu.
3. Jasmine with multiple petals
The branches are obviously raised, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are compact, round and small, and the top is slightly concave. Multi-petal jasmine flowers bloom for too long, with light fragrance and low yield, and are generally not used as scented tea flowers.
Three, jasmine seedling technology
Jasmine flowers generally do not bear fruit (rarely bear fruit) after flowering, and can only reproduce asexually in production. There are several methods, such as cutting, layering and dividing. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability, fast rooting and high cutting seedling rate. Compared with layered method and branching method, it has the advantages of simple operation and material saving, so it is widely used.
1. Layered propagation
The layering propagation is to press the middle part of the jasmine plant into the soil by using the sprouted branches at the lower part or branches with a certain length to make it grow new roots and become independent new plants after cutting off the mother branches. The premise is that there must be a mother tree of jasmine, and each mother tree can press a small number of branches, which can not meet the large supply of seedlings. Generally, potted plants and ponds are used to replenish seedlings.
2. ramet propagation
Jasmine is a tufted shrub, and its roots can produce many adventitious roots. Plants over two years old often have several stems and branches, which can be used for plant reproduction. The premise of this method is that there must be a biennial jasmine mother tree. Moreover, the number of reproduction is lower than that of layering and cutting, which can not meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.
3. Cutting
Cutting propagation seedbed seedlings occupy less land and have high land utilization rate, and about 654.38 million+seedlings can be propagated per mu. Centralized cutting in nursery is widely used in production because it is easy to manage, has enough space for selecting seedlings, has high quality and neat growth, and is suitable for mass production of seedlings.
Operation method of cutting seedling:
(1) Select cutting.
Cuttings used for propagation mainly come from branches cut during pruning every year. To choose mature branches without pests and diseases and with a certain thickness, the middle and lower parts of the same branch are the best.
(2) Selection of nursery
Sandy soil or sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage and convenient transportation is required.
(3) the whole geographical humidity
Before raising seedlings in the nursery, thoroughly turn the seedlings white, rake them flat, and dig drainage ditches around them. According to the soil moisture width 120cm, the ditch width is 25cm and the depth is 20cm, the soil moisture is gentle and the soil particles are fine. After the seedbed is fully wetted, spray the seedbed with the mixture of150ml/mu of pre-bud herbicide Dua. Cover the seedbed with plastic film when raising seedlings in winter.
(4) Cutting and drilling cuttings processing
Collect the branches cut during the annual overhaul in the shade, and organize manpower for cutting. The operation method is as follows: select 2-3 branches with a length of about 10 cm, cut off the leaves, cut off the upper end at about 1 cm from the axillary bud, and cut off the lower end at about 1 cm at an oblique angle of 45 degrees, and press 80-65438.
Before cutting, the chips should be treated with chemicals. First, the cuttings should be soaked in the solution containing Spock 1000 times for 3-5 minutes, and then taken out to dry. Then soak it in 50PPM rooting powder solution for 20-30 minutes, take it out and cut it on the seedbed according to the row spacing of 12 cm× 4 cm, and the top of the cutting is about 3 cm away from the soil surface during cutting. Each mu can be cutted with 6.5438+0.5 million plants.
(5) Management of cutting seedbed
The cutting seedbed should keep the soil moist, and pay attention to weeding frequently in sunny days to keep the seedlings free of weeds. Seedbeds have small seedlings and few roots. To water and fertilize, it is best to use manure water. Be diligent and apply fertilizer once a month. If pests and diseases are found in the seedbed, they should be prevented in time, and 1000 times of Junzhujing+1000 times of insecticidal Dan can be sprayed once a month. When the seedlings grow to 6-8 months, there are more than two branches and two layers of roots, and the height is more than 30 cm before they can leave the nursery.
Fourth, transplantation.
1. Transplant period
Irrigation conditions can be carried out all year round. But spring and autumn are the best seasons, which are suitable for the root system of jasmine to survive and grow, and can be harvested in the same year of planting. The temperature in autumn is also very suitable for the growth of jasmine roots. The temperature is too high in summer, which is not suitable for the root growth of jasmine, and the leaves are easy to dry up when transplanted, which affects the survival. In winter, the temperature is also low and the wind is strong, so it is easy to blow dry the leaves, and the slow growth of jasmine affects its survival.
2. Cultivation specifications
In order to facilitate the arrangement, the soil should be planted, and the soil width should be conducive to fertilization, soil cultivation and harvest. Generally, the soil width is 120 cm, the soil height is 20 cm, and the trench width is 25 cm. Dig a planting ditch with a width of 30cm and a depth of10cm on both sides of the soil surface, with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 60cm, and plant 4,000 plants per mu.
3. Transplanting method
Select seedlings with plant height greater than 30cm, two branches and two layers of roots, normal leaf color, robust plants and no diseases and insect pests, cut off the branches and leaves over 25cm, cut off the excessively long roots, soak the roots in 0. 1% calcium superphosphate solution for 3-5min, and then plant them in the planting ditch according to the spacing of 25cm. The soil surface can be covered with bagasse, rice straw and sugarcane leaves.