1883, the Bismarck government of Germany promulgated the Law on Sickness Insurance, which fixed the state's social welfare policy and social responsibility in the form of law. In the next 50 years, most European countries have successively adopted social security legislation and measures. 1942, the Inter-departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Trade Unions, led by beveridge, a British social welfare expert, published a report on Social Insurance and Related Welfare Issues, proposing that society should protect everyone from poverty, disease, ignorance, pollution and unemployment. According to this idea, the British Labor Party government has successively passed and implemented social welfare bills such as Family Allowance Law (1945), Social Insurance Law (1946), National Medical Service Law (1946) and National Relief Law (1948) to promote high growth. From 65438 to 0948, Britain declared itself a "welfare state". Western Europe, Northern Europe, America and other developed capitalist countries have followed suit. "Welfare State" is a social welfare policy that the governments of western developed countries intervene in economic life through tax policies and redistribute national income. It turns the state's social responsibility to some people into the right of all, turns passive relief into active prevention, and promotes the development of social welfare to a certain extent. When the world economic crisis broke out in 1970s, the "welfare state" felt more and more that the government could no longer bear the increasingly heavy huge welfare expenditure, so it had to adjust policies and cut welfare expenditure, advocated that government departments, social organizations and private individuals should jointly organize welfare undertakings, and emphasized the role of communities and families.

developing country

Limited by the level of social and economic development, it is difficult for developing countries with widespread poverty to fully develop social welfare. Social welfare in these countries is mainly social assistance, which embodies the nature of relief. In addition to the limited relief funds and materials distributed by the government to the poor, religious charities and other voluntary organizations are actively encouraged and sponsored to play a leading role.

the Soviet Union

Since the establishment of the Soviet regime, the Soviet Union has announced the implementation of the social security system for workers and the urban and rural poor, taking charge of all social welfare undertakings and bringing social welfare into the comprehensive planning system for social, economic and cultural development; The social insurance system for workers, employees and collective farm workers has been widely implemented; Give subsidies to those who temporarily lose their ability to work; Arrange jobs for some citizens who are unable to work. The state provides free medical services to all citizens, and the government and society have established a series of social welfare facilities, such as sanatoriums and rest homes. Implement various forms of social services, carry out family visits and consultations, provide education and employment opportunities for the disabled, install artificial limbs and plastic surgery free of charge, and provide special transportation for the disabled; Relevant laws and regulations have been formulated, such as the Regulations on the Protection of Special Care for Scientific Workers, the Law on Special Care and Allowance of the Soviet Union and the Law on Special Care and Allowance for Members of Collective Farms.

In the social welfare system of China during the revolutionary war led by the Production Party of China, the social welfare work mainly served the war and gave preferential treatment to the families of revolutionary soldiers, martyrs and disabled soldiers. In the early days of the People's Republic of China, in order to heal the wounds of war and eradicate the root causes of poverty, social welfare work was mainly relief welfare undertakings. The state took over and reformed the "almshouse", feudal "charity halls" and "virtuous women's halls" and various charitable organizations and relief agencies that received foreign subsidies; Establish production and reeducation institutions, reform prostitutes and vagrants and beggars, and adopt orphans, the elderly and disabled children who are helpless, unable to work and live; Carry out production self-help work for poor farmers, urban poor people and disabled people. Since the mid-1950s, the state and society have provided a wide range of employment opportunities for the disabled by establishing various welfare factories. Formulate a series of support policies to ensure that disabled people fully exercise their labor rights; Providing social relief and welfare services for the elderly, the disabled and the young by establishing various welfare facilities; Through the establishment of various social undertakings, we will develop public welfare and collective welfare to meet the welfare needs of all members of society in material and spiritual life. After 1979, China's social welfare system was further improved and developed, and gradually formed a welfare system with China characteristics. The Seventh Five-Year Plan for China's national economic and social development clearly puts forward that a rudiment of social security system with China characteristics should be gradually established. As one of the indicators of social development, social welfare work plays an increasingly important role in protecting and promoting the development of productive forces, alleviating social contradictions, stabilizing social order and mediating interpersonal relationships. The principle of formulating social welfare policy in China is: proceeding from national conditions and national strength, and gradually improving and developing according to the principle of benefiting production and ensuring life. At present, China's social welfare work includes: ① public welfare and collective welfare. There are mainly labor insurance, medical care, maternal and child protection and public welfare facilities such as culture, education and entertainment. (2) the welfare of the entitled groups. Refers to providing medical care, rest, rehabilitation, resettlement and other social welfare services for honorary soldiers, veterans and disabled soldiers. ③ Child welfare. It mainly includes child protection, orphan care, adoption, medical care, rehabilitation and education for disabled children, and education for juvenile offenders. ④ Welfare for the elderly. Through the establishment of social welfare homes, nursing homes, apartments for the elderly, elderly activity centers, elderly rehabilitation centers and other welfare facilities, we will provide free or low-cost welfare services for the elderly (including widowed elderly). ⑤ Welfare for the disabled. Provide conditions and facilities for employment, education, rehabilitation, culture and entertainment for the disabled, produce all kinds of artificial limbs and special appliances used by the disabled, and improve their social status.

The development trend of social welfare Social welfare has gone through the development process from passive treatment to active prevention, from the social responsibility of some people to the responsibility of the state and society. Its development trend is: with the further improvement of socialization, it will attract more and more attention from the whole society; Under the overall planning of the country, it is increasingly combined with the overall planning of economic and social development to create a social environment conducive to the individual and collective development of social members; By promoting social modernization, accelerating the scientific and technological revolution, strengthening the functions of families and communities, we will further improve public health, raise people's health level, develop national education, carry out urban transformation, increase housing and public welfare facilities, and improve the quality of social life of all members of society.

At present, China is actively promoting the construction of a moderately inclusive social welfare system. It was learned from the Suzhou Civil Affairs Work Conference that during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Suzhou Civil Affairs will actively promote four major projects around "building people's livelihood happiness, innovating social management, deepening integration of defense and civilian technologies's development, and improving civil affairs services" to help the city take the lead in basically realizing modernization. According to reports, happiness project, which mainly benefits the disadvantaged, disadvantaged and special groups, is an important part of the development of civil affairs in Suzhou during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period.

In terms of improving the moderately inclusive social welfare system, during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the city will add 6,000 old-age beds every year, and strive to have 40 old-age beds for every 1,000 elderly people; Achieve full coverage of street (community) "day care centers", and the number of meals for the elderly exceeds 30% of the total number of urban communities; Develop a moderately inclusive child welfare system, establish a child welfare security system, and enhance the ability of orphans and disabled children to return to their families and society.