Abstract: Small and medium-sized enterprises are the main force of China economy. At the critical moment of China's economic transformation, they are faced with a series of crises, such as rising raw material prices, labor force, RMB appreciation and financing difficulties. How to survive and develop in the crisis is a severe test for China's economic development. This paper probes into the existing situation, the crisis faced by small and medium-sized enterprises, and the measures and countermeasures that should be taken.

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; Economic transformation; crisis

After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the release of the vitality of private small and medium-sized enterprises is the greatest wealth of China's economy. As the main force of China's economy, the economic output of small and medium-sized enterprises currently supports half of China's total economic output. Especially, the jobs provided by small and medium-sized enterprises have accounted for about 75% of the total urban employment in China. Authoritative data show that the total proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises in China has reached 99%, and the tax revenue created by the non-public economy dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises has accounted for more than 70% of the total tax revenue in some provinces with relatively developed non-public economy.

However, in recent years, under the influence of international and domestic environment, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, especially export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises, are experiencing severe tests. In the critical period of China's economic transformation and industrial structure upgrading, the living conditions of China's small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, are not optimistic.

1 analysis of the living conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises

Since last year, the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Bohai Bay Economic Belt and other areas with active private economy have seen a wave of small and medium-sized enterprises closing down. According to the information disclosed by the Small and Medium Enterprises Department of the National Development and Reform Commission in early August, in the first half of 2008, 67,000 small and medium-sized enterprises in China closed down, including more than 654.38+0,000 small and medium-sized enterprises in the textile industry, and two-thirds of textile enterprises were facing restructuring. The financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises has seriously affected the survival of enterprises under the interaction of multiple factors such as rising raw material prices, rising labor costs and RMB appreciation.

(1) Labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises engaged in low-end processing and manufacturing of supply chain bear the brunt.

The international industrial chain can be divided into three stages: R&D design, manufacturing and global marketing. The added value is high at both ends and low in the middle, which is generally U-shaped, commonly known as "smile curve". In general, the added value created in the manufacturing stage accounts for less than 30% of the added value of the whole industrial chain, while the added value created at the bottom of the production stage (manufacturing and assembly) only accounts for 5- 10%, or even lower. In the current financial crisis, low-end processing and labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises have suffered the most. Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province, a small town of less than 32 square kilometers, provides processing services for 30 world-class brands. However, by the end of June 2008, more than 500 enterprises had closed down and more than 65,438+000 enterprises had closed down.

(2) SMEs with high external dependence are in an "embarrassing" situation.

Affected by the global financial crisis, export orders have been greatly reduced, making many small and medium-sized enterprises with high external dependence in a difficult situation. According to statistics, 20% of small and medium-sized enterprises in Wenzhou are in a state of suspension or semi-suspension, and industries such as textile, clothing, chemical industry and electronic machinery manufacturing are "terrible".

(3) Small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulty in financing and are involved in multi-angle debts.

Financing difficulty is a major bottleneck restricting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is also a difficult problem that has long plagued the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Government policies need to be more inclined to small and medium-sized enterprises. Although the government invested 4 trillion yuan in 2009 to alleviate the financial crisis and revitalize the economy. However, these 4 trillion funds have not benefited SMEs much. The country's medium and long-term loans have increased a lot, but the proportion of short-term loans to solve liquidity problems is not high. Even short-term loans, many of them are invested in large enterprises.

2 crisis analysis faced by small and medium-sized enterprises

2. 1 international environmental analysis

The source of the crisis of small and medium-sized enterprises is pessimism about the world economic situation. Affected by the financial crisis, the world's major developed economies entered recession in 2009. Both the World Bank and the United Nations International Monetary Fund predict that the economies of the United States, the euro zone and local areas will all enter the negative growth range. This year, the global trade volume has dropped by 9% historically, which is the most serious trade contraction since World War II. In addition, the Morgan Stanley report also shows that at present, 50 of the 190 countries surveyed are experiencing double-digit inflation. These unfavorable factors are irresistible to small and medium-sized enterprises.

2.2 from the domestic environment analysis

At the crossroads of China's economic transformation from "quantitative growth" to "quality growth", the advantages of low-cost and low-price production factors such as "capital, resources, technology, labor and land" are weakened instantly, and a large number of capital-dependent, labor-intensive, energy-consuming and export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises are under siege and are in danger. There are many reasons for the crisis: the pressure of market competition makes the price of products unable to rise with inflation; The continuous appreciation of RMB brings more and more pressure to export enterprises; With the implementation of the new labor contract law, labor costs are getting higher and higher. Rising energy and raw material prices; It is difficult for many enterprises to obtain new credit or renew loans from bank credit cooperatives, and underground banks have become the source of high-interest loans for many small and medium-sized enterprises. At present, the problem of "triangle debt" of enterprises is becoming more and more serious, and the capital chain of some small and medium-sized enterprises has actually broken; Some local governments lack sufficient support for small and medium-sized enterprises and lack comprehensive macro-policy responses.

2.3 from the enterprise's own factors analysis

At present, many small and medium-sized enterprises have a low level of industrial structure. Most of them are concentrated in traditional labor-intensive industries such as processing industry and catering service industry, and the products are mostly at the level of simple imitation, so it is difficult to improve the quality. A considerable number of small and medium-sized enterprises have low technical equipment level, low product quality and added value, weak technological innovation ability, and many small and medium-sized enterprises basically do not have technological development ability. The industrial relevance is low. In vertical cooperation, that is, between related enterprises, there is no cooperative relationship, no unified technology and quality standards, and no advanced technology and equipment. In horizontal cooperation, that is, enterprises that produce the same or similar products do not have a certain market division of labor, and they do not enjoy local resources in information and personnel training. Small and medium-sized enterprises have a low degree of excessive competition in a considerable range. 3 Small and medium-sized enterprises should take measures and countermeasures

Today, with the globalization of the world economy, the external economic environment is an uncontrollable factor for enterprises, while internal management is a controllable factor for enterprises. In order to get out of the crisis, small and medium-sized enterprises must carry out industrial transformation and upgrading, rely on new technologies to enhance product competitiveness and expand the market; The government should also deeply understand the living conditions of enterprises, formulate policies that can help enterprises get out of the predicament, and give support from all sides.

(1) Change the "miscellaneous", "chaotic" and "scattered" business contents of small and medium-sized enterprises, and integrate the business and organizational structure.

First, "holding a group to resist." Through the breakthrough of "collaboration" among enterprises, industry integration can be realized, and the anti-risk ability of enterprises and even industries can be enhanced. For example, in order to protect intellectual property rights in response to the so-called "337 investigation" in the United States, domestic small and medium-sized enterprises in the same industry can only organize joint efforts to ensure that the products of this industry can avoid "extinction" when they are exported to the American market. Second, the internal "synergy effect" to achieve1+1>; 2。 The strong "utilitarian" purpose of small and medium-sized enterprises makes the business operations in various regions surprisingly similar. For example, a town in Wenzhou produces buttons as a whole, and an enterprise in Ningbo focuses on refrigerator manufacturing without thinking, and the cooperation between enterprises is almost zero, resulting in waste of resources and low efficiency. Thirdly, it is wise to control the uncertainty of capital operation and investment return, and it is wise to regain the "new and old business". For example, the operation of "green agriculture" and "urban agriculture" also contains optimistic benefit prospects.

(2) Excavate the internal space of enterprise development.

First, the management of small and medium-sized enterprises is mostly "family-style traditional operation", and the concentration of decision-making and implementation will inevitably increase the risks of enterprises. There is a precedent in Henan that private enterprises transfer their controlling rights and introduce advanced management teams to enlarge the market value of enterprises. Secondly, from the international experience, Japanese SMEs clearly point to the China market, rather than being limited to "waiting" for opportunities and space at home. Third, many domestic Internet companies have developed by listing on the Nasdaq small market. Microsoft Cisco also entered the main board market of NYSE from a "small company" listed on NASDAQ through the capital market and became the world's top company. Suning Appliance has become one of the leaders in the electrical appliance sales industry since it was listed on the domestic small and medium-sized board.

(3) Make full use of policy advantages.

First, advocate "Excellence" and avoid "inferiority". For example, the new Labor Contract Law invisibly requires small and medium-sized enterprises to develop new technologies and reduce the amount of employment; The innovation of "limited partner" in the new Partnership Enterprise Law has also boosted the injection of venture capital into small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, foreign experience shows that "limited partnership" is an effective form to attract private investment and encourage technological innovation. The provisions of the Export Tax Refund Law on the increase, decrease and exemption of export tax rebate rate are also the "compass" for enterprise business adjustment. Second, make full use of the government's "redemption" policy advantages.

(4) The innovation and breakthrough of enterprise development mode is also an important factor for the success of enterprise strategy.

Traditional business+unique market demand products and services = "unique" business model. For example, Japan has created a financing model for small and medium-sized enterprises of satellite companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises are supported by the main company and can guarantee bank credit. The "eco-enterprise model" advocated by Fokka is also a feasible choice to take the road of energy saving, environmental protection and circular economy development. How to combine with global financial capital, industrial capital and all kinds of capital, understand the enterprise ecology, pay attention to policies, build some absent enterprises, and supplement and improve the existing SME ecology is very important.

Reference materials?

[ 1]? Liu Yu Zhang Zhengchao. Research on the Supporting Force of Private Small and Medium-sized Enterprises [J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Technology, 2008, (8).

[2]? Shifeng Analysis of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship [J]. Journal of hunan international economics university, 2007, (6).