1 Guide grape pruning and cultivation
Grape is a way to get rich quickly, but it is highly technical, mainly pruning and pest control. Grape pruning is mainly in winter and summer. Our school is a rural middle school. In winter (65438+ February of the following year to 65438+1October), students will be taken to the adjacent professional vineyards to learn winter pruning techniques. In summer, the pruning of grapes is more arduous and strict, and there are many projects, among which coring pruning is an important one. When fruiting branches and vines begin to blossom (usually from late May to early June), students are taken to the garden for practice, 4-7 leaves are left above the inflorescence, and the top of new branches (usually 3-5 cm long) is removed to prevent auxin produced by terminal buds from being transported downwards, so as to promote the germination of summer buds and sprout secondary branches of summer buds. Students can see and touch it, and it is easy to understand the duality of auxin's influence on growth. Because of the warm and humid climate in the Yangtze River basin, the vine grows vigorously, and the secondary buds germinate many times, and the inflorescence primordium is easy to form. In production practice, 1 ~ 2 secondary buds of summer buds above fruiting branches are often kept, and the rest are smoothed to improve the fruit setting rate. The secondary buds are also pitted to relieve the inhibition of lower lateral buds, and the developing branches and long branches are re-pitted to adjust the nutrient flow direction. The students feel refreshed, which once again confirms the wise assertion that "knowledge is power" and "technology is the primary productive force"; It also conforms to the objective law that the development of interest is from "fun → fun → interest", which stimulates the enthusiasm of learning. Many students are going to try planting in the family garden.
2. Guide the pruning of deciduous fruit trees
The principle of apical dominance is widely used in pruning fruit trees, such as peaches, pears, apples and persimmons. I used to take the small peach tree at school as an example to guide students to trim and practice the contents of textbooks. In the second year after the peach tree is planted, picking or cutting the stone 65 ~ 80 cm from the ground is called fixed stem. Germinate the lower lateral buds, select a section about 20 ~ 40 cm below the incision as the plastic band, select three new shoots with strong growth, uniform distribution and suitable opening angle as the first layer of main branches, and then gradually cultivate the secondary main branches and fruiting branches through different degrees of short cutting, and gradually "create a certain crown" (that is, a natural happy tree widely used in production). The pruning methods of other deciduous fruit trees are similar to peach trees, that is, the number, quality, nature and distribution of various organs of fruit trees in the crown are adjusted by pruning, and the relationship between reproduction and growth is adjusted to maintain a high-yield tree shape. In practice, students have deepened their understanding of the text and learned the skills of cultivation and pruning. The effect is very good, and they can try it when they go back. Several top students with strong interests have become small technicians who can talk and do things.
3 Dwarf culture who guides chrysanthemum and other flowers.
"Chrysanthemum is not full" is a strict requirement for the height of chrysanthemum, and it is also one of the important conditions for evaluating the ornamental value of chrysanthemum. However, to achieve "chrysanthemum is not full", it is mainly by picking the heart, which usually takes 2 ~ 3 times. Every year, I instruct my classmates to prune the chrysanthemums cultivated in our school and leave some for comparative observation. Through practice, we can deeply understand and apply the principle of apical dominance, promote the germination of lateral buds, adjust the quantity and quality of flowers, control the plants at an ideal height and improve the ornamental value. In repeated practice, we have explored a new coring method, that is, first picking off the terminal buds, then erasing all axillary buds and lateral branches in batches, raising roots and protecting leaves, forcing underground stems to sprout full buds, and finally cutting off old stems in the same soil layer, so as to core and remove branches layer by layer from top to bottom, induce full buds to emerge early and grow sturdily, and finally produce huge flowers and cultivate short and strong chrysanthemums, with good results.
The shape, principle and method of many other flowers are basically the same as chrysanthemums. For example, although the rose has strong germination ability, the top of the new shoot bloomed in that year, and the axillary buds were not easy to germinate without pruning, and the branches were slender and vine-like. Therefore, in addition to re-pruning in winter dormancy, when the flowers are about to wither, they are usually lightly cut below the third compound leaf of the residual flowers in time to promote the germination of the lower axillary buds and keep blooming huge and gorgeous flowers. Another example is a string of red colors? Rhododendron and so on. By topping the main stem and lateral branches respectively, the apical dominance is inhibited, axillary bud germination is promoted, and the vertical and horizontal growth of the plant is controlled, so as to achieve the ideal effect of short and strong plant type, clustered lateral branches and full flowers.
As for the hedges, green walls and various forms of green balls that can be seen everywhere, it is precisely by using this principle that dense hedges and colorful artistic shapes have been formed through pruning art, as well as sesame, an oil crop. Experiments show that topping is an effective way to increase yield, that is, coring the main stem and branches in time at the final flowering stage, which can generally increase yield by 10% ~ 20%.