Juniper, a famous Chinese medicine.
The name of Mongolian medicine is Uyghur Tu Su-Aricha (a classic of Mongolian medicine).
Alias Bengsong, Song Gang, Shu Ge, Thorn Sky, Juniper, Juniper and Bengsong.
It comes from American juniper. et zucc。 [J. Utilins. ] Sabina of Cupressaceae, cone is used as medicine.
Distributed in Huixi Plateau, Yinshan Mountain, Yinnan Mountain, Ordos and Helan Mountain. Northeast, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia; Korea, Japan
Some medicinal fruits are used as traditional Chinese medicine. Branches and leaves become Mongolian medicine.
Origin: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi. Produced in Xilin Gol League, Chifeng City, Wulanchabu League, Hohhot City, Baotou City, Bayannur League, Yikezhao League and Alashan League. The output is enormous.
Collecting and processing tender branches and leaves in spring, summer and autumn, and drying in the shade for later use; Harvest ripe fruits in autumn and dry them in the shade for later use.
Excerpted from the National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine
Juniper-morphological characteristics
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Evergreen small trees or shrubs, up to 1 1 m, with a tower or cylindrical crown; Bark is brownish gray, longitudinally split into strips and peeled off; Young branches are triangular, glabrous, and branchlets usually droop.
Tri-impeller, strip-shaped, thick and straight, with a length of 12 ~ 22 mm and a width of about 1.2 mm, has a sharp tip, a deep groove on the upper surface, a white powder band in the groove, a longitudinal ridge below and a V-shaped cross section.
Dioecious, male cones are born in the axils of annual branches, oval and yellow-brown; Female cones are also born in the axils of annual branches, which are spherical, green or brown. The cone is spherical, 6 ~ 8 mm in diameter, purple-brown before maturity, blue-black when maturity, covered with white powder and containing 2 ~ 3 seeds; The seeds are nearly ovoid, sharp at the top, with 4 blunt edges and resin grooves.
Flowering in May, fruiting in the following year 10.
Habitat: in shady slopes, semi-shady slopes or cracks on hilltops and slopes at an altitude of1200 ~ 2200m.
There is a pure natural mixed forest of juniper, juniper and linden in the junction of Datong and Hunyuan counties in Datong City, Guangdong Province, with an area of 266.67hm2. The juniper is an evergreen tree, shrub or small tree, and its height is about10m. Bark is dark gray and falls off in long strips; The crown is tower-shaped or cylindrical. The main branches are upward, the branchlets are drooping, the young branches are triangular, and the buds are oval and light green.
Juniper-life habit
Trees that like light are more tolerant to shade. Like cool and warm climate, avoid water accumulation, be resistant to pruning and easy to shape. Cold-resistant, heat-resistant, not strict with soil, can be born in acidic, neutral and calcareous soil, and has certain resistance to soil drought and moisture. But it grows best in neutral, deep and well-drained places. Deep roots and developed lateral roots. The growth rate is moderate, slightly slower than that of Platycladus orientalis, and the height of the 25-year-old tree is about 8 meters. Long life. Resistant to a variety of harmful gases, it is a tree species with strong resistance to chlorine and hydrogen fluoride in conifers. The ability to resist sulfur dioxide is obviously better than that of Pinus tabulaeformis. It can absorb a certain amount of sulfur and mercury, and has good dustproof and sound insulation effect.
Chemical constituents of juniper
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Cones contain volatile oil, including α-pinene 36.3%, myrcene 12.9%, △ 3-carene 0.8%, limonene10.6%, p-cymene 0.9%, β-elemene 2% and caryophyllene 0. The branches and leaves contain volatile oil, and the composition is similar to that of fruits. The leaves contain amentoflavone, bamboo cypress biflavonoids A and a small amount of arborvitae biflavonoids. Heartwood contains various terpenoids.
Among them, δ-kaempferone, α-and β-cedrol account for about 70%. Others include dihydrocalamine, crotonterpene, β-elemene, Arabic gum, caryophyllene, humulone, bisabolene, β-seline, α-curcumene, Ardisia, α-and β-calamine, α-and β-bisabolene.
12- dihydroxy-5,8, 1 1, 13- rosin tetraene 7- one, 12- methoxy-rosin 8, 1 1. 13 a rosin tetraene-1 1 monohydric alcohol, 7β, 12 a dimethoxy -8, 13 A rosin triene-1 1 monohydric alcohol, 7β- 13- rosin triene-1-monohydric alcohol, fulvic acid and Nootkatino 1, etc.
Juniper-pharmacological action
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The petroleum ether extract of juniper (chemically identified as abietic acid) has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus in test tubes, and it can still prevent the development of bacteria when diluted to 1: 1600.
The petroleum ether extract was treated with 3% sodium bicarbonate, 3% sodium carbonate and 3% potassium hydroxide in turn, and it was found that the part obtained from potassium hydroxide solution had antibacterial effect (except Escherichia coli, typhoid Bacillus and Shigella dysenteriae).
Dilution to 1: 12800 also helps. The distillate obtained by vacuum distillation also has antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus when diluted to 1: 12800.
Juniper-Sexual Function and Taste Function
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Chinese medicine pungent and warm. Sweating, diuresis and analgesia.
Mongolian medicine tastes bitter, astringent, coarse, light, dull and cold. Clearing heat, diuresis, drying "Xiriwusu", healing and hemostasis.
Indications: Traditional Chinese medicine is used to treat rheumatic joint pain, dysuria and brucellosis. Mongolian medicine treats kidney injury, hematuria, bladder fever, urinary incontinence, edema, "onset", gout, myalgia, "Xiriwusu" and trauma.
Dosage and usage: Chinese medicine1~ 3g, decocted in water; Apply proper amount to the affected area. Drugs are used in a variety of formulations; As a medicated bath for external use.
Juniper-Juniper essential oil
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Latin scientific name of Juniper (Sabina)
Branch name: Cupressaceae, Cupressaceae
Plant species: shrubs
Extraction location: berries
Extraction method: distillation
Volatility: medium
Dominate the earth: the sun
Origin: Juniper essential oil is produced in Hungary, France, Italy, Yugoslavia and Canada.
Smell: clean, fresh and slightly woody.
Chemical structure: alcohol-borneol, terpineol; Sesquiterpene-juniperterpene, cedrene; Terpene cigarettes-camphene, myricetin, terpinene, juniper.
Juniper-Historical Myth
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Juniper plays a very important role in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. In Tibet, it is used to prevent plague. Doctors in Greece, Rome and Arabia attach great importance to its antibacterial effect. In Mongolia, women will give birth to children with junipers. 15 and l6 centuries herbalists appreciate juniper very much, not only because it can prevent plague, but also because it is a specific medicine for treating bites. Interestingly, "juniper" means "bite" in ancient Celtic.
For a long time, French hospitals burned branches of juniper and rosemary to purify the air. In Yugoslavia, it was regarded as a panacea and was once thought to improve diabetes.
It is mentioned in the Bible that juniper can rejuvenate a tired brain. In sections 4 and 5 of Kings 19, it is recorded that Elijah, who was exhausted, was lying under a Luo Teng (juniper) tree. Besides, gin is famous as one of the ingredients of gin.
Juniper-the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine
Juniper fruit
Antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, spasmolytic, aphrodisiac, astringent, flatulence-relieving, scar-promoting, purification, detoxification, disinfection, diuresis, menstruation-dredging, nerve-benefiting, insecticidal, midwifery, skin redness, irritation, stomach-benefiting, sweating, body building and wound healing. Liver detoxification, liver function enhancement, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, flatulence, hyperuricemia, kidney detoxification, kidney calculi, diuresis, urethral antibacterial, hemorrhoid, prostate, arthritis, rheumatalgia, baldness, oily skin, regenerative wrinkle removal, pigmentation, cellulitis, acne, weight loss, scar promotion, eczema, tinea, sciatica.
Spiritual efficacy: clean, stimulate and strengthen nerves. Juniper can purify the atmosphere and support the soul under challenging circumstances. It is a good helper for people in the service industry, medical care and beauty industry.
Physical Efficacy: Very effective diuretic, antibacterial agent for urogenital tract, excellent medicine for cystitis, urgent pain in urination (unable to urinate) and kidney calculi. When the prostate is swollen, juniper can help urinate, and it can also make cellulitis, edema and body fluid retention return to normal.
Juniper is famous for its detoxification function, especially when taking too much food and alcohol, it can expel accumulated toxins, purify intestinal mucosa and effectively fight hemorrhoids. Generally speaking, it is beneficial to the digestive system, can regulate appetite and help obesity. It is a liver tonic and is famous for its help to liver cirrhosis.
When the body feels heavy and tired, it can stimulate the spirit. The above state may be caused by the body hoarding too much waste. Using juniper foot bath can relieve some congestion. It can be detoxified by clearing blood, and become priceless in areas where vector insects breed.
It can clear uric acid, so it is good for arthritis, rheumatism, gout and sciatica. It may strengthen limbs, and juniper can relieve pain when the body is stiff and difficult to move.
In addition, it can regulate menstruation and relieve menstrual pain. Promote smooth production.
Skin efficacy: Helper for oily and congested skin, and can also improve scalp sebum leakage. Its purification performance can improve acne, pore obstruction, dermatitis, eczema and runny nose, psoriasis and swelling.
Note: If used for a long time, it may irritate the kidneys excessively. If you have serious kidney disease or other kidney infections, you should avoid using juniper. Because it can pass menstruation, it is not suitable for use during pregnancy.
Essence: The flowers are yellow evergreen shrubs, the height is over 1 m, and the leaves are slender as needles. The main producing areas are Canada in North America and France in Europe, and the height is about 130cm. Essential oil comes from distilled blue berries, so it is sometimes called juniper. Almost transparent and colorless, it tastes like pine needles, but not so pungent.
Historical use records: prevent the spread of malignant infectious diseases, remove unclean air, mosquito bites, diminish inflammation and detumescence, and induce diuresis and detumescence.
The right place:
Research: The smell of wood and coniferous forest gives people a real feeling and can inspire sincere and positive attitude.
Workspace: The same temperament is also suitable for working in the workspace, which is a very pragmatic taste, and I believe it is also the essence when you want the employees of the company to work!
Juniper-propagation and cultivation
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Breeding with seeds requires low temperature treatment before breeding. Shoot (sowing in June) or hardwood (cutting in June 65438+ 10) can also be used for propagation.
Sowing propagation
Seeds collected in the same year with the germination rate of 40% by sowing wool often have low germination rate or do not germinate after sowing in the next spring, so clean seeds should be soaked in 5% formalin solution for 25 minutes in 1 month, washed with cold boiled water, and then layered in an environment of about 5℃ for about 65,438+000 days, and then the seed coat will crack and start to germinate, and can be sown in about 2-3 weeks. The seedlings were a few centimeters high that year and were transplanted the next spring. After 2 years, the height of seedlings is 30cm, and after 3 years, the height of seedlings is about 60cm. . It can be used as a hedge.
Seed selection: before sowing, seed selection is directly related to the success of sowing.
1, it is best to choose the seeds harvested that year. The longer the seeds are kept, the lower the germination rate.
2. Choose seeds with full grains and no deformity or deformity.
3. Choose seeds without pests and diseases.
Disinfection: Disinfection includes two concepts, one is the disinfection of seeds, and the other is the disinfection of sowing substrates. Families usually soak seeds in hot water at about 60℃ for a quarter of an hour, and then use warm water to accelerate germination 12 ~ 24 hours. The best disinfection method of the substrate for sowing is to fry it in a pot, so that any pests and diseases can be scalded to death.
Accelerating germination: soak the seeds in warm water (the temperature is similar to that of face washing water) 12 ~ 24 hours until the seeds absorb water and swell. For common seeds that germinate easily, this work can be omitted.
Sowing: For tiny seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other tools, soak one end of a toothpick with water, stick the seeds on the surface of the substrate one by one, cover the substrate with a thickness of 1cm, and then put the sown flowerpot into the water, the depth of which is 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the height of the flowerpot, so that the water can be sucked up slowly (this method is called ". After sowing, the substrate is covered, and the covering thickness is 2-3 times of the seed thickness. After sowing, the sowing substrate can be soaked with sprayer and fine-hole shower, and then watered when the soil in the basin is slightly dry. Still pay attention to the watering intensity and don't wash the seeds away. Management after sowing After sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, in case of cold wave and low temperature, the flowerpot can be wrapped with plastic film to keep warm and moist; After the seedlings are unearthed, the film should be uncovered in time, and the seedlings should be exposed to the sun before 9: 30 am or after 3: 30 pm, otherwise the seedlings will grow very weakly; After most of the seeds come out, the seedlings should be properly spaced: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings and let the remaining seedlings have a certain spacing; Most seedlings can be transplanted when they grow to three or more.
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Cutting propagation method
Sabina vulgaris can also be propagated by soft branch cutting (sowing in June) or hard branch cutting (cutting in 65438+ 10). In Yaojiayuan, Yanling, Henan Province, in late autumn, thick branches 50 cm long were used for mud insertion, and the survival rate was quite high. Most cultivated varieties can be propagated by cutting, but their initial growth is extremely slow; Therefore, it is also common to raise seedlings and leave the nursery early. Various varieties are often propagated by cutting and grafting. Seeds have the habit of sprouting every other year, so they need to be stored in sand before sowing. The cuttings should be cut on the side branches, about 15cm long, and the cuttings survived well by mud method. Avoid planting near apple and pear orchards to avoid pear rust. Often in late spring and early autumn, young branches are cut with the branches of that year, or old branches are cut with the branches of last year in early spring.
Cutting substrate: it is nutrient soil, river sand, peat soil and other materials used for cutting. Due to the limited conditions, it is difficult to find an ideal cutting substrate for home cutting. It is recommended to use the prepared and sterilized cutting media provided by this station. Medium and coarse river sand can also be used, but it should be washed with clear water several times before use. Sea sand and river sand in saline-alkali areas are not suitable for the growth of flowers and plants.
Selection of cutting branches: when cutting tender branches, when plants grow vigorously in late spring and early autumn, choose thick branches of that year as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, select the robust parts and cut them into 5 ~ 15 cm long segments, each with more than 3 pieces. When cutting, it should be noted that the upper cut is cut flat at about 1 cm above the last leaf node, and the lower cut is cut obliquely at about 0.5 cm below the lowest leaf node. The upper and lower incisions should be flat (the knife should be sharp). When cutting hard branches, last year's strong branches were selected as cuttings after the temperature rose in early spring. Usually, 3 ~ 4 knots are reserved for each cutting, and the cutting method is the same as that of twig cutting.
Management after cutting:
Temperature: the optimum temperature for cuttings to take root is 20℃ ~ 30℃, and below 20℃, cuttings are difficult and slow to take root; When the temperature is higher than 30℃, the upper and lower cuttings are susceptible to bacterial infection and rot. The higher the temperature, the greater the proportion of rot. When low temperature is encountered after cutting, the measures of heat preservation are mainly to wrap the flowerpot or container for cutting with film; When the temperature is too high after cutting, the main measure to reduce the temperature is to shade the cuttings, which should cover 50 ~ 80% of the sun. At the same time, the cuttings are sprayed 3 ~ 5 times a day, with more spraying times in sunny days and less or no spraying times in rainy days.
Humidity: The relative humidity of air after cutting must be kept at 75 ~ 85%. The basic requirements of cutting rooting are: before cutting rooting, it is necessary to ensure that the cuttings are fresh and tender and can produce rooting substances through photosynthesis. However, cuttings without roots cannot absorb enough water to maintain water balance in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the moisture evaporation of cuttings by spraying: spraying cuttings 3-5 times a day under the condition of shading. The higher the temperature in sunny days, the more times they spray, and the lower the temperature in rainy days, the less or no times they spray. However, if the cuttings are sprayed excessively, they are easily infected by germs and rot, because there are many kinds of germs in the water.
Illumination: The propagation of cuttings is inseparable from sunlight, because the cuttings should continue to carry out photosynthesis, make nutrients and rooting substances, and supply them with rooting needs. However, the stronger the light, the higher the temperature in the cuttings, the more vigorous the transpiration of cuttings and the more water they consume, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, 50 ~ 80% sunlight must be blocked after cutting, and then the sunshade net should be removed gradually after the root system grows: the sunshade net should be removed at 4: 00 pm every day on sunny days and covered before 9: 00 am the next day.
Stratified propagation
Select robust branches and peel the bark from about 15 ~ 30 cm below the top. The width of the wound after peeling is about 1 cm, and the depth is limited to the epidermis just peeled off. Cut a piece of film with a length of 10 ~ 20cm and a width of 5 ~ 8cm, put some wet garden soil on it, and wrap the ring-tied part like a wound, with the upper and lower ends of the film tied tightly and bulging in the middle. It takes about four to six weeks to root. After taking root, cut off the branches and roots together, and it becomes a new plant.
transplant
When transplanting seedlings, first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer) with a thickness of about 4 ~ 6 cm, then cover it with a layer of soil and put the seedlings in order to separate the fertilizer from the roots and avoid burning the roots. After the seedlings are put in, backfill the soil, cover the root system, stamp the soil with your feet and water it once.
Humidity management: I like a slightly humid to dry climate.
Temperature management: cold tolerance. During the high temperature period in summer, you can't stand the sultry heat, otherwise you will enter a semi-dormant state and your growth will be hindered. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 30℃.
Lighting management: I like sunny days, but I am a little tolerant of semi-cloudy days.
Fertilizer and water management: According to the drought situation, the underground plants should be fertilized and watered 2-4 times in spring and summer: firstly, a small ditch (the bigger the plant, the farther it is from the root neck) is drawn at a distance of 30- 100 km, and the width and depth of the ditch are both 20 cm. Sprinkle 25 ~ 50kg organic fertilizer or 1 ~ 5 two-particle compound fertilizer (fertilizer) into the ditch and then water it. After winter and before spring, apply fertilizer again according to the above method, but don't water it.
decrease
In winter, after plants enter dormancy or semi-dormancy, thin, diseased, dead and dense branches should be cut off.