First, rootstock breeding
* * * Rootstock or heterostock can be used for apricot seedling breeding. * * * Anvils include common apricots and wild apricots; There are different rootstocks such as peaches and plums. But it's mainly apricot. Rootstock seeds must be completely mature and stored in a dry place to prevent mildew. Sowing can be divided into autumn sowing or spring sowing.
1. Autumn sowing. It should be completed before the soil freezes. First of all, apply sufficient organic fertilizer to the nursery and carefully prepare the soil. Then soak the seeds in warm water at 50℃ for a day and night, or directly ditch the seeds without treatment. Use 50-70kg seeds and 40-50kg different rootstocks per 667m2 * * * anvil. When sowing, single row or wide and narrow row drilling can be used. Single row spacing is generally about 40 cm, 50 cm wide and 30 cm narrow. After sowing, cover the soil about 8 cm and finally fill it with winter water.
2. Spring sowing. Because the seed shell of rootstock is hard and not easy to break, it needs to be treated before sowing.
① Sand storage. Sand storage treatment of seeds before winter. Choose a cool and dry place, dig a pit with a depth of 60cm, a width of 1m and a length determined by the amount of seeds, lay a layer of sand with a thickness of 15cm at the bottom of the pit, then mix 1 seeds with two grains of wet sand evenly, and put them in into the pit for sand storage. The upper part of the pit is covered with 20 cm thick wet sand, and then covered with 10 ~ 20 cm thick steamed bread-like soil higher than the ground. Prunus armeniaca seed shell is thick, and the sand storage time is generally more than 3 months. The earlier the sand storage time, the more seeds will be naturally broken in the second year.
2 soak the seeds. When sowing in spring, you can soak the stored seeds, put them in plastic bags, directly expose them to the sun, spray water every 2-3 days and stir 1 time, and sow after the seeds crack 15 days.
(3) artificial shell breaking. If the amount of seeds is small, they can be artificially crushed before spring and soaked in warm water to accelerate germination before sowing.
4 sow. The seeds treated by the above method are taken out from late March to early April for sowing. Before sowing, irrigate the nursery 1 time. After water permeates, base fertilizer is applied, soil preparation, ditching and drilling are carried out.
Question 2: How to plant apricot trees? When do you plant it? You mean planting apricot trees? The survival rate of apricot trees transplanted about half a month before germination in spring (mid-March) is the highest. Immediately after transplanting, dry in the sun, the height is about 80 ~ 100 cm.
Question 3: When will the apricots be planted? It is best to sow apricots in late autumn. This is because autumn sowing can not only preserve seeds, but also treat seeds, and germinate neatly in the next spring, as long as the local rodent damage is not particularly serious.
Secondly, it can be planted in spring, which requires seed treatment, that is, sand mixing treatment 60 days before sowing.
Question 4: What are the planting methods of apricot trees? 1. Planting apricot trees-planting and cultivation.
Apricot trees are planted in sandy loam, planted in mid-March, and applied with high-quality organic fertilizer. Dig planting ditch, ridging, and plant seedlings in the north-south direction on the ridge, with the row spacing of 0.9m× 1.5~2m ~ 2m.
Second, apricot planting-fertilizer and water management
When the new shoots of apricot grow to about 15cm, apply quick-acting fertilizer, and alternately apply underground topdressing and foliar spraying. From the end of September to the beginning of 10, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer were applied. After the shed is closed, urea is applied before germination, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied after flowering to the fruit expansion stage, and urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 ~ 15 days are sprayed, which can simultaneously spray 500 times of bacterial liquid.
Third, apricot planting-shaping and pruning
At the end of May and the beginning of June, the stems and branches of apricot trees were fixed, 7 ~ 12 branches with good angles were selected, and the rest were smoothed. When the new shoots are 40cm long, choose 2 ~ 4 key cultivation and carry out V-shaped or happy pruning. The other new branches are cored to promote two branches, and the upright branches on the back are repeatedly cored, and too many dense branches are smoothed. 165438+1Spraying urea in early October promotes early defoliation.
Four. Apricot tree planting-flower and fruit management
If cultivated in solar greenhouse, the flowering period of apricot trees can be extended. Point feeding with stored pollen; Brush with a feather duster; During the flowering period, the height of the hive is close to the middle and upper part of the crown, so that bees will meet flowers as soon as they leave the hive. Thinning flowers and fruits, delaying flowers and weakening flowers, thinning fruits, small fruits and abnormal fruits, leaving 3-4 fruits in long fruit branches, 2-3 fruits in middle fruit branches and 65,438+0 fruits in short fruit branches, so that the fruits are evenly distributed in the crown.
Five, apricot planting-pest control
The main pests and diseases of apricot trees are: apricot scab, black spot and gummosis, as well as apricot weevil, aphid, red spider, coccidia, boat moth and other pests. Among them, scab, black spot and coccidia are more harmful, so corresponding measures should be taken to prevent and control them.
Through the above introduction, we now know the planting method of apricot trees. Apricot is not only an economic tree species, but also a garden construction tree species. In normal planting, we should not only pay attention to planting methods, but also need many aspects of management, especially the situation of pests and diseases.
Question 5: Cultivation techniques of apricot trees. Apricot trees have a long history of cultivation in China and are extremely rich in germplasm resources. China apricot varieties: China apricot varieties, such as Daguo apricot, 7-6 10, Croton, Shuijianzui, Jinxing and Chuanzhihong, are favored by consumers because of their early maturity and good quality. However, the pistil abortion rate of apricot varieties in China is high, mostly self-flowering, and the flowering period is easily affected by late frost, which leads to poor pollen fertilization and seriously affects the yield of that year, and the "ten-year no harvest" has become a reality. In recent years, varieties such as Kaite apricot, Wang Feng, Golden Sun, Agate and Golden Mouth, which have been introduced from the United States, Italy and other countries, have the advantages of easy flowering, strong early fruiting, resistance to late freezing injury during flowering and young fruit, stable yield, self-flowering, low stamen abortion rate and high yield. They can be cultivated not only in the open field but also in the greenhouse.
First, build gardens with high standards.
1, garden selection
Apricot trees are drought-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, barren and light-loving, and are vulnerable to late frost at flowering stage. Therefore, the garden should be built in a plot with sunny lee, high terrain, good drainage and deep soil layer, and a shelter forest system should be established at the same time. In addition, the problem of "replantation disease" of drupe fruits (such as peaches, plums, apricots, etc.) is more prominent, and it is best for new apricot orchards to avoid the original drupe track.
2. Choose robust seedlings
High quality and strong seedlings are the key to ensure survival rate and high yield. The standard of high quality and strong seedlings is: the height of seedlings is more than 80 cm; The diameter at 10 cm above the mating interface is larger than 1 cm, and there are more than 6 complete buds in the 50-60 cm plastic belt; The root system is complete without nodules, with more than 4 main roots and many fibrous roots; The joint healed well, and there was no major mechanical damage to the rhizome.
3. Careful planting
Practice has proved that the survival rate of autumn planting is 5%- 10% higher than that of spring planting. In that year, damaged roots can be restored and even some new roots can grow. It is required to dig deep pits and plant seedlings shallowly. According to the planting density, dig each planting hole or ditch with a width of 1 m, lay straw, seedling grass or leaves with a thickness of 20 cm at the bottom, mix a proper amount of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer into the topsoil and fill it at the bottom of the pit. The planting depth should be equal to the ground at the rhizome joint after watering. After planting, fill it with water, and then cover it with soil to keep it moist.
In order to improve the fruit setting rate, even self-flowering varieties should be mixed or pollinated. When planting, the main varieties and supporting varieties can be planted at the ratio of 2∶ 1.
Apricot trees can be planted densely in a planned way to improve the early yield, and sparse planting or transplanting densely in a planned way can solve the problem of crown closure and ensure that the yield and fruit quality will not decline in the later period. The row spacing of dense plants is 1-2.5m× 3-4m, and that of sparse plants is 3-4m× 5m. Protected cultivation can further increase the density, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2m×1.5m. ..
In addition, in order to build a garden at one time, some prepared seedlings can be put into woven bags and planted between plants with bags. When planting existing dead plants, we should dig out the prepared seedlings and cut bags for replanting.
Second, strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water.
1, fertilization
1. 1 young tree fertilization (1-2 years): in the first year of planting, the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently will be adopted to rapidly expand the crown and form certain flower buds. After planting, apply thin fertilizer water for the first time when the buds are 2-3 cm long, and then apply fertilizer every 15-20 days until the beginning of July, and control the water to facilitate flower formation. In the second year, in late February, mid-April, and late June, topdressing was performed once, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and urea was applied to each plant at 50- 100g. From late September to early June, basal fertilizer was applied 10, and 25 kg of decomposed pig and chicken manure and 500 g of calcium superphosphate were applied to each plant.
1.2 Fertilization for high-yield trees (from the third year of planting): apricot trees in the south bear fruit early and have high yield, and the dense planting garden can enter the high-yield period in the third year. During this period, apricot trees were heavily fertilized three times. Before the 1 th germination (mid-February), spring fertilizer (germination fertilizer) is applied, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, and all potassium fertilizer is applied throughout the year, which can be applied in conjunction with dilute fertilizer water. This fertilization is mainly to promote flowering, fruit setting and fruit expansion, and the amount of fertilization accounts for about 20% of the annual fertilization. Generally, 20 kg of urea, 30 kg of potassium sulfate and 0/500 kg of organic fertilizer are applied per mu. The second summer fertilizer was applied after the fruit was picked in late June, when the root system was in the second growth peak. Applying quick-acting fertilizer to supplement the nutrients consumed by fruits and increase nutrient accumulation is beneficial to flower bud differentiation and lays the foundation for vertical annual high yield. The amount of fertilization in this period accounts for about 30% of the annual fertilization. Generally, 30 kilograms of urea, 20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate and 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer are applied per mu. The third application of base fertilizer in autumn, from late September to-65438+1early October, combined with hole enlargement, soil improvement and green pressing. The base fertilizer is mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer, and the fertilization amount accounts for the annual fertilization amount & gt
Question 6: When are apricot trees most likely to survive by cutting? At present, it is difficult to survive by cutting with ordinary sand bed, but it can be propagated by cutting with floating water, and the survival rate can reach 100%:
① Cut a stout branch (4-5 knots) with the thickness of chopsticks 15-20cm at will.
(2) Cut off the petiole of 1-2 at the lower end of the branch (leave 1 cm branches under the petiole), and insert one end of the cut forest into the plastic foam poked with nails to expose 1-2 leaf nodes, and fix them with broken slag.
③ Float the branches with leaves in a basin of clear water (preferably with proper moss).
(4) Put it in the sun for 20-30 seconds, cut off the leaves under the foam and take root.
⑤ After rooting to a certain length, tear off the foam, take out the saplings and carefully plant them in flowerpots. When they grow to a certain size in the sun, they can be moved to the ground with soil and planted.
General garden soil should be used as soil, and unglazed pottery pots should be used for planting flowerpots in apricot tree seedlings. Pay attention to avoid frequent watering and waterlogging when the roots are wet and dry, and apply light organic water and fertilizer after full fermentation to avoid burning the roots.
Question 7: How to plant apricot trees from seeds? First, soak apricots in clear water for 20-30 minutes, and then sow them on the sorted land. It is required to cover the sown seeds with 5- 10 cm soil to keep the soil moist.
Question 8: How to plant apricots, how to raise seedlings and when will they bloom? Welcome to consult, seedlings of Huaguo Mountain in Yi 'nan.
Question 9: When do apricot trees bloom? Because apricot trees need a certain amount of cold storage, they are generally planted in the north, and the flowering period is from the end of March to the beginning of April. Fruit ripens from June to July.