Pruning peach trees is an important technical measure for peach tree cultivation and management. Through the application of pruning measures, young trees can bear fruit early and prolong their bearing life; For the trees in full fruit period, the goal should be to increase the yield and overcome the big and small years; Make the crown ventilated and transparent, reduce the harm of pests and diseases, and improve the quality of fruits; Improve work efficiency and reduce costs; Adapt to the harsh climate, enhance the ability of stress resistance and expand the cultivation scope. So when to trim, what are the common pruning methods?

Xu Mingju, a fruit expert, is pruning in the flat peach garden in summer.

Good pruning measures for peaches are the key.

First, the pruning period of peach trees is generally divided into dormancy (winter) pruning and growth (summer) pruning. Pruning in winter can generally be carried out after defoliation in winter 15 days and before germination in the next year. However, considering many factors, such as peeling in winter, dry wound and freezing injury of branches and buds, early spring pruning is better in the Yellow River basin and northern and southern regions of China. Pruning can be done at any time during the growing season as needed.

Pruning peaches in greenhouse in winter

Second, what are the common pruning methods in production? 1, long tip pruning.

When pruning in winter, 1 year-old branches are mainly thinning and throwing branches, which are basically not short. Most of the 1 annual branches left after pruning during dormancy are medium-long fruit branches, which are relatively long. Therefore, compared with the traditional short branch pruning, it is called long branch pruning, and it is customarily called long tip pruning.

Take the long tip pruning result status.

After light cutting and long release, the germination rate and branching ability are high, but the growth of branches is not strong and the total growth is large, which can disperse nutrients and promote branching and flowering. For young trees and flourishing trees, the application of light cutting and long release can alleviate the growth potential and be beneficial to early fruiting. Throwing planting can reduce the vegetative growth of new shoots, alleviate the growth potential of trees and promote the reproductive growth of trees. The research and popularization of peach tree pruning method is a major change in peach tree cultivation technology in China.

Pruning method without cutting short fruiting branches

2. Shortcuts

Short cutting is to cut off part of annual branches to enhance branching ability, reduce branching position and enhance the growth potential of new shoots. It depends on the degree of truncation. Divided into light short cut, medium short cut, heavy short cut and extremely heavy short cut.

Take a shortcut to some competitive branches.

3, thinning branches

Cutting branches completely from the base is called thinning, which is also called thinning. Thinning is mainly to make the density of branches moderate and evenly distributed, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown, and enhance the ability of new shoot development and flower bud differentiation. Generally, branches that are too dense, overlapping, crossing, competitive and infested are thinned.

Step 4 take it back

For the bearing perennial branches, cutting off a part of the 2-3-year-old branches is called "shrinkage cutting", also known as "retraction", which can adjust the growth, rationally use the space, get through the light, renew and rejuvenate.

Step 5: Wipe the bud to sprout.

After the peach buds germinate, it is called bud wiping to wipe off the excess buds at the top and the competitive clustered buds under the cutting saw. When the bud grows to 5 cm after germination, it is called germination to pick off the bud in time. Generally, two branches can be removed, leaving one, and the angle and direction can be adjusted according to the requirements of shaping. For young trees, the extended branches should be removed from the weak branches, and the back branches should be removed to make the weak branches disappear completely. Brush sprouting can reduce useless branches, save tree nutrients, improve lighting conditions and reduce serious injuries caused by thinning branches in winter.

Germinate in time after spring germination.

6, coring and pruning (removal)

Core-picking and tip-cutting is to cut off the tender part of the front end of the growing new tip by hand or scissors in the growing season to limit the elongation and growth of the new tip. The main purpose of coring pruning is to control vegetative growth in time and promote the germination and growth of secondary and tertiary branches of trees. It is often used for rapid shaping of young trees and regeneration of branches to promote the transformation of trees from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Pruning in growing season must be the part of new shoots that is not completely lignified, especially in rainy areas or seasons. Pruning lignified parts in growing season is likely to cause gummosis. Peach trees of northern varieties generally begin to branch when the new shoots grow to 20-30c m, and the new shoots on their backs generally begin to branch around 15-20 c m.