Porcelain tooth is a dental technique, commonly called porcelain tooth.

Porcelain teeth have been used since the beginning of19th century. It has the advantages of hardness, wear resistance, smooth surface, good color, stable chemical properties, insolubility in saliva and good histocompatibility, and is a good material.

The high-strength porcelain-fused-to-metal technology developed in recent ten years has brought good news to patients with tooth defect and loss. Porcelain-fused-to-metal teeth are made by coating porcelain on the crown surface or abutment of high-temperature porcelain alloy, and then sintering in a vacuum high-temperature furnace to form a metal-ceramic composite structure restoration.

This kind of restoration has the advantages of high metal strength, beautiful porcelain, realistic teeth and wear resistance. The restoration of missing anterior teeth and posterior teeth can achieve the ideal function and shape of repairing missing teeth. It can improve pronunciation, make the prosthesis coordinate with adjacent teeth, lips, occlusion and face shape, and give yourself and others a complete and harmonious aesthetic feeling. In addition to repairing missing teeth, this technology can also be used to repair discolored, fluorosis, enamel hypoplasia, conical and partially defective anterior teeth, and can also restore the natural color of teeth through porcelain teeth.

In clinical work, patients often ask: Why does the price of porcelain teeth range from several hundred yuan to thousands of yuan? What's the difference between them? What kind of porcelain teeth are best for you? We often say that porcelain teeth are generally divided into metal porcelain teeth and all porcelain teeth; Metal porcelain teeth are divided into non-precious metal porcelain teeth, titanium metal porcelain teeth and precious metal porcelain teeth.

Non-precious metal porcelain teeth are made of nickel-chromium alloy, and the metal crown is made of high temperature porcelain. Because of its relatively low price, it is widely used in China at present. However, this porcelain tooth has the following disadvantages: poor edge tightness; It has poor biocompatibility with human body. After some patients wear it for a period of time, there will be "black lines" in the gingival tissue at the edge of the neck. There are even medical reports of allergic reactions caused by porcelain teeth abroad. Furthermore, because of the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between Ni-Cr alloy and porcelain, porcelain collapse is easy to occur in clinic.

The inner crown of precious metal porcelain consists of more than 80% gold and trace elements such as platinum or rhodium. Although the price is higher, it has obvious advantages: because the gold alloy crown reflects the luster of natural teeth in the sun, it has good biocompatibility and is safe to use; High sealing performance; The combination of porcelain and metal is very good, and there are few cases of porcelain collapse. So it is widely used in Europe, America and other countries. In addition, it is worth mentioning that there are pure titanium porcelain teeth, which is a mature metal porcelain tooth technology gradually developed in recent years. Metal titanium is a kind of bio-metal, its biggest feature is that it has no toxic and side effects on human body and has the best biocompatibility. It is only because of the high processing difficulty that it gradually became popular in recent years.

To make porcelain teeth, it is necessary to remove some tooth tissue, and some patients will be a little afraid of it; In fact, the doctor only grinds off the uneven and scarred enamel, not the dentin, so it won't hurt the teeth. Instead, wear a sturdy "bulletproof vest" to protect teeth from external bacteria, which not only restores the beauty of teeth, but also does not affect the original chewing function.

Attention should be paid to the coordination of tooth color and skin color, and the shape of teeth should be coordinated with the size of five senses. This needs professional and experienced institutions to complete, and you can't go to the roadside clinic just because you are greedy for cheap, otherwise it may bring more trouble. Of course, porcelain teeth, like ordinary teeth, need some maintenance and care. Periodontal diseases should be treated in time to prevent gingival atrophy. As long as you do this, good teeth will not be a problem all your life.

Uneven dentition, teeth with different sizes, stained teeth and tetracycline teeth are all very common dental problems that damage the image. Dentists said that this is also an important reason for the popularity of porcelain restoration in recent years. However, I have also heard that many friends will have black lines on the gingival margin after porcelain teeth are finished. Some people even have swollen gums and bleeding, and their beautiful teeth have become ruined. Some people even doubt the technology of porcelain teeth. What is the reason?

The gingival margin black line and gingival blackening appeared shortly after the restoration of porcelain teeth, which were mostly related to the selected porcelain tooth materials. There are many materials of porcelain teeth, and the cost varies greatly. In developed countries, porcelain restorations are mainly made of precious metals and all-ceramic teeth. However, due to the limitation of economic conditions, some Chinese people will choose cheaper materials as the inner crown. The so-called cheap porcelain tooth material refers to nickel-cobalt alloy, which will release nickel ions continuously when it comes into contact with gums, which makes some people with sensitive constitution not only prone to allergic reactions, but also prone to adverse reactions such as gingival swelling and bleeding. At the same time, a large number of nickel ions deposited in the gums will make the gums black. It is best to do it in a regular hospital, but it may not be possible to do it in an informal small clinic. Because of this, this material is not allowed to be used abroad. "

So what kind of materials should we choose? The material of porcelain teeth with high cost performance is titanium alloy, and gold alloy can be used for higher requirements, because gold has been used as a material for dental restoration in China for thousands of years, and its physical and chemical properties are stable, its compatibility with oral gingival tissue is good, and its bonding ability with ceramics is also good. However, due to the yellow color of gold itself, it is difficult to fully meet the needs of demanding patients, so the appearance of all-ceramic teeth has become everyone's new favorite, especially public figures.

It can be seen that it is not as simple as buying clothes. Beauty is important, but health should be the first priority. In order to achieve the dual goals of health and beauty, we should follow the doctor's advice and weigh which is more important before making a decision.

The main characters of toothpaste advertisements on TV have always been bright eyes and teeth. Handsome men and beautiful women have neat white teeth, which makes people envious and curious at the same time: are their beautiful teeth born? According to the dentist, quite a few of these perfect teeth are porcelain-beautiful. Tooth whitening has become a fashion and need. At present, the tooth beauty method that can achieve natural color is undoubtedly all-ceramic porcelain tooth restoration, which has a lasting and natural whitening effect and the best affinity with human body.

There are several kinds of teeth suitable for porcelain restoration:

Colored teeth and poorly shaped teeth: such as tetracycline teeth, tapered small teeth, dental fluorosis, dead pulp teeth, etc.

Abnormal dentition: patients with abnormal dentition who are not suitable for orthodontic treatment can consider porcelain restoration.

Broken teeth and residual teeth: the root has enough length and the periodontal condition is good. After perfect root canal treatment, porcelain teeth can be restored.

Tooth loss: if the number of missing teeth is small, the adjacent teeth are healthy, and there is no inflammation or inflammation, reasonable treatment can be controlled, and porcelain restoration can be carried out with the approval of doctors.

Dental caries or tooth defects are large: teeth turn gray or yellowish brown, which can be restored to beauty and increased strength through porcelain teeth.

The gap between the anterior teeth is large and needs permanent restoration.

The scope of porcelain restoration includes the defects, missing, residual roots, residual crowns, protruding teeth, twisted teeth and so on.

Post-porcelain protection

Porcelain is an ideal cosmetic method for tooth restoration, which is hard and lasting. But we should pay attention to protection from the beginning.

Any substance will break when it is subjected to more pressure than it can bear, and porcelain teeth are no exception. Therefore, we should avoid eating hard food at the beginning of porcelain, and then eat normal food after adapting.

Compared with before restoration, the dislocation of the upper and lower cusps in the initial stage of porcelain teeth has been compensated, and the chewing habit has been affected. Therefore, it is necessary to chew slowly, avoid hurting lips and tongue, and don't be impatient when speaking. You should be patient enough to adapt to the initial oral changes.

In the early stage, porcelain teeth and abutments were in the "running-in period", and the related tissues were not mature enough to resist bacteria, so it was easy to accumulate plaque and form tartar. Therefore, we must pay attention to oral cleaning after porcelain restoration, dental floss can be used to clean teeth, and we should go to the hospital for examination and cleaning regularly. At the same time, we should develop good and correct oral hygiene habits, such as paying attention to the method and frequency of brushing teeth.

Porcelain teeth, the full name of porcelain fused to metal restorations, are restorations made by melting ceramic powder and combining it with specially treated metal surfaces under vacuum conditions with the help of high temperature. Its aesthetics and biocompatibility are irreplaceable by other prostheses, and it is the most ideal prosthesis so far. /kloc-ceramics have been used for dental restoration since the end of 0/8th century. By 1950s, great progress had been made in the development and improvement of porcelain-fused-to-metal and ceramics. By the 1990s, porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration had been widely carried out in major cities in China. However, due to the high precision requirements of materials (metal and ceramic powder), design and manufacture, the quality of porcelain fused to metal teeth in the market is uneven.

1. What are the advantages of porcelain teeth?

1, good edge sealing. Some friends may have suffered this loss: a bad tooth or a few missing teeth, after passing through Kouga, gold teeth have been wrapped for about ten years, and they feel smelly or painful. It is because the crown of the denture is not tightly sealed with the real tooth, saliva and food residues will penetrate into it, and the real tooth will gradually corrode, thus the denture stinks and becomes loose, which is the result of poor sealing of the denture. The making of porcelain teeth needs edge matching. In the subgingival position of 1mm, a special water-insoluble bonding material is added to ensure the edge sealing.

2. Beautiful. The color can be adjusted to be the same as real teeth and will never change color. All-ceramic teeth are more ideal in color and have the same refractive index as real teeth (titanium, gold, platinum).

3. Good biocompatibility. In particular, porcelain teeth and all-ceramic teeth made of bio-precious metals are chemically inert, corrosion-resistant and unorganized, while ordinary stainless steel porcelain teeth have dark gray edges after wearing for a period of time.

4. Extremely high strength. After melting at high temperature and combining with ceramic powder, gold resin can bear the chewing force in the mouth, and the bonding force between precious metal and ceramic teeth is stronger.

5. Protect the hard tissue and pulp of teeth, because the teeth that need porcelain teeth are often discolored and decayed. After the porcelain crown is made, the whole real tooth is surrounded by gold, and the force when chewing acts on the crown, which will not crack or collapse. The adhesive and porcelain layer bonded to porcelain crown have good insulation, which prevents the damage of external stimuli to dental pulp.

Second, the composition of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown: gold inner crown, colorimetric porcelain, dentin porcelain and enamel porcelain.

3. What are the factors that affect the quality of porcelain teeth?

1, technology, the same German porcelain powder is often seen in clinic, and the porcelain teeth made are beautiful in appearance, true in color, wear-resistant, porcelain-free, and the opposite. A high-quality porcelain tooth, in addition to high-quality porcelain powder and metal, is also closely related to the whole manufacturing process of porcelain tooth: reasonable gold crown design, preheating temperature of porcelain powder, heating rate, final firing temperature and holding time, and vacuum pumping must be strictly implemented.

2. Clinical design and operation

It doesn't mean to create beauty. Even if it is a perfect restoration, porcelain teeth should be suitable for chewing physiology, and there will be no adverse reactions and porcelain collapse after long-term use. This requires clinicians to operate scientifically and reasonably, and more importantly, to determine the number of teeth, marginal position, pulp treatment, disinfection and bonding.

Indications of porcelain teeth

Tooth fracture, defect, dentition defect (missing teeth), deformed teeth that are not suitable for correction, dentition irregularity, crown discoloration, dead pulp teeth, tetracycline teeth, fixed restoration of dentition defect, large-area vertically filled teeth, abutment fixed by bolts, etc.

Dentists also reminded that making porcelain teeth does not mean once and for all, and careful protection is very important. Because of raw materials, the stress of most porcelain teeth is limited. Once the pressure exceeds this level, it is easy to damage teeth and even affect life. Therefore, the first time you wear it, you should eat it soft. It is best not to gnaw hard bones and eat crabs with porcelain teeth. The joint between porcelain teeth and abutment is easy to accumulate plaque and form tartar, so pay attention to cleaning, dental floss can be used between teeth, and go to the hospital for regular inspection and cleaning.

As long as doctors operate normally, they will not be healthy for more than ten years. As long as it can be glued on, it can of course be taken off, but because the porcelain crown is very close to the abutment &; Because the adhesive is very strong and difficult to take out, the crown is usually taken out only as a last resort. Porcelain teeth generally do not change color. As for maintenance, it is necessary to ensure the hygiene of interdental brushes, especially to control periodontitis, otherwise it will be bad if the dentures don't fall out and the real teeth fall out. As for the front teeth, be careful not to beat them often with hard objects. No matter how hard China is, it can't compare with diamonds. Otherwise, it will be ugly if it collapses after a long time.