Zhi Zhu

Chinese alias: Networm, Flat Pearl, Round Pearl

Appearance characteristics

Spiders vary in length from 0.05 mm to 60 mm. The body is divided into chest and abdomen. Some species have breastplates at the back of the head and chest (some don't), and there are usually 8 monocular eyes (6, 4, 2, 0) at the front of the head and chest, arranged in 2 ~ 4 rows. There is a big chest plate on the ventral surface, and a lower lip between the two frontal lobes in front of the chest plate. The abdomen is not segmented, and the abdominal stalk evolved from 1 abdominal segment (the seventh body segment). The abdomen is mostly round or oval, and some have various strange-shaped protrusions. The ventral rotator evolved from appendages, and there are 8 primitive species, which are located slightly in the front; Most species have six spinnerets, which are located in front of the anus at the back of the body; Some species have four spinnerets, and there are many spinning tubes on the spinneret, which are connected with various silk glands, and the silk is spun from the spinning tubes. Sensory organs include eyes, various sensory hairs, auditory hairs, lyre and tarsal bones.

Spiders are covered by chitin exoskeleton, and their bodies are obviously divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen, which are often connected by a thin handle formed by the first abdominal segment, without tail segment or tail whip. Spiders don't have compound eyes, and they have six pairs of appendages on the head and chest. The first pair and the second pair belong to the cephalic appendage, in which the first pair is mostly 2 joints, the enlarged part at the base is a claw, the tapered part at the end is divided into claws, and the teeth are tubular. There are poisonous glands in the claws or head and chest, from which the venom is secreted. The second pair of appendages, called foot whiskers, are shaped like walking feet, but have only six joints. The base joint forms a jaw-shaped protrusion near the mouth, which can help feed, while the female spider's foot whiskers have little change, while the male spider's foot whiskers are specialized as reproductive auxiliary organs, which have the structure of storing and transmitting sperm, called limb-touching devices. The third to sixth pairs of appendages are walking feet, consisting of seven joints, with claws at the end and a cluster of bristles under the claws, which are suitable for crawling on smooth objects.

Most spiders have poisonous glands, with claws and claws. Most burrowing spiders move up and down, but they prey on the ground, and spiders that web in the air sweep around like pliers.

No tentacles, no wings, no compound eyes, only one eye, usually 8 eyes, but there are also 6, 4, 2 eyes, and some even have no eyes. As far as the color and function of eyes are concerned, they can be divided into day and night.

The mouthparts of spiders are composed of claw limbs, jaw leaves, upper lip and lower lip, which have the functions of poisoning, catching, crushing food and sucking juice.

Some spiders have clumps of sticky hairs under their tarsal claws, which have the ability to make spiders crawl on vertical and smooth objects. The spider that webs has several claw-like spines near the top of the hock joint, which are called secondary claws.

The abdomen of most spiders is unsegmented. Whether there are external female organs (called reproductive organs) is an important feature to identify female species. There is a special rotator in the middle or back of the abdomen. Three pairs of rotators are called front, middle and rear rotators according to their landing positions. The top of the spinning machine is provided with a film spinning tube which is surrounded by fur. Different spiders spin different kinds of silk with different spinning tubes. The spinner of the rotating tube is also a rotating organ. For example, there are 966 on the spinning machine of Lepidoptera. There are 8 kinds of silk glands extracted from the body through spinning tubes. With the growth and molting of spiders, the size and number of silk glands are increasing. Spider silk is a kind of bone protein, which is very sticky, tough and elastic, and will harden when exposed to air after spinning.

Androgyny, the male is smaller than the female, the male tarsal joints develop into acrobats, and the female has external reproductive organs after molting for the last time.

[Edit this paragraph] Living habits

Spiders feed on insects, other spiders and multi-legged animals. Jumping spiders have good eyesight and can dive close to prey and pounce on it within 5 or 10 meters. Crab spiders wait for prey on flowers close to their body color. The ground spiders who make holes in the soil build a cave lined with silk, which has a living cover that opens at night to prey on insects that pass through the hole. Funnel spiders weave a flat web, which will cause vibration when catching insects; Spiders themselves live in silk tubes with narrow ends leading to plants or cracks. Most circular spiders weave the largest web with the least silk, just like air filters, trapping insects that can't see the filaments and have weak flying ability. Although the net is complicated, it can be woven in 1 hour, usually before dawn. If the net is destroyed in the process of predation, weave a new net. Why the spider itself will not be stuck by the web, and how to cut off the extremely elastic silk when weaving the web, these problems have not been fully understood so far. When weaving a round net, spiders let out traces and soup floats with the wind. If the free end of the spider silk doesn't stick to anything, the spider will pull it back and eat it. If the silk sticks firmly to something (such as a branch), the spider will cross the silk bridge and reinforce it with silk. The spider took a thread in the middle of the bridge, fell on a thread and hung down, sticking to the ground or another branch. The spider returned to the center, and Radogan radiated from the center of the web. Then, the spider crawled back to the center of the net and pulled temporary spiral wires from the inside out, with a large spacing between the spiral wires. Then the spider climbs to the outermost periphery and places a sticky and dense insect-catching spiral wire from the outside to the center of the web. While knotting, eat the dry spiral silk knotted before, which is not sticky. After the web is finished, some spiders tear off a silk (signal silk) from the center of the web and climb into the leaves in the corner of the web to hide. If an insect casts a net, it can hear the news and eat through the vibration of the signal line. Some spiders stay head down in the middle of the web, waiting for their prey. When there is prey, they first wrap it in silk, then take a bite and take it back to the center of the net or a hidden place to eat or store it. Butterfly moths are large and easy to escape, so they are bitten first and then tied with silk thread. Some spiders * * * use cobwebs. For example, the social funnel spider (Agelena conso ciata) in Gabon will make a big web, and hundreds of spiders will hunt together. Spiders may play an important role in controlling the number of some insects. The neurotoxicity of several poisonous spiders is toxic to people. The process of weaving webs has aroused the interest of the scientific community and has been used to study drugs that affect the nervous system (after using drugs, spiders weave different webs).

According to the way of life and predation, it can be roughly divided into web spiders and wandering spiders.

The main feature of a web-forming spider is its web-forming behavior. Spiders secrete mucus through the protrusions at the top of their silk sacs, which can condense into very thin silk when exposed to air. The web made of silk is very sticky, which is the main predation means of spiders. For insects that stick to the web, spiders will first inject their prey with a special liquid jujube digestive enzyme. This digestive enzyme can make insects coma, twitch and even die, and liquefy their bodies. After liquefaction, spiders feed by sucking. Spiders are oviparous, and most male spiders will be swallowed up by female spiders after mating with them and become food for female spiders.

Wandering spiders don't weave webs, but wander around or pretend to hunt prey on the spot, such as tall-legged spiders, commonly known as "worms" in Taiwan Province Province.

Some spiders can make balloons out of nets and float to other places with the wind.

Spiders are not food on the human table. They don't even dare to stay away. Lu Xun said: "The first person to eat crabs is admirable. Who dares to eat if he is not a warrior? " Some people eat crabs, and some people must have eaten spiders. But if it is not delicious, future generations will not eat it "("The Second Feeling of Spring "). But recently, some areas, such as Sukhumi in Cambodia, have sold spiders as their dishes.

Spiders mainly prey on small insects. The tarantula beside the water can prey on small fish and shrimp, the bird spider can catch birds (it is said, but there is no exact literature record), and a 7.5 cm long spider in South America can even prey on small rattlesnakes. Web spiders prey on their webs.

(a) the corpse solution:

When spiders hunt, they first paralyze their prey with venom from fangs, secrete digestive juice and inject it into their prey to dissolve it, then suck it slowly and eat it completely.

(2) homemade fresh-keeping bag:

Spiders are afraid of light and often make webs where there is light and wind. Spider silk can be used not only to trap prey, but also as a fresh-keeping bag. The spider wrapped the leftover food in a net for the next time.

(3) Cleanliness:

Spiders clearly divide the places where they eat, sleep and pull things. Domestic spiders generally use cages as garbage stations, urinate in them and throw food scraps.

(4) Very subtle appetite:

Spiders have a strong sense of territory and should be kept separately. They only eat one or two meals a month and can fast for two months at most. The food is mainly insects, such as crickets and Cao Meng. As long as you put a wet sponge in the cage to replenish water, you can raise it to adulthood (about seven years) without changing the cage.

Not all spiders are poisonous (among them, arachnids are not poisonous)! And the toxicity is different. Usually, the toxicity of pet spiders in the market is relatively weak, and they will not take the initiative to attack people as long as they are not intentionally teased. Even if you are bitten, there is no danger to your life. Strong adaptability, no need for careful care. Spiders are the easiest pets to keep.

Spider silk is expected to be used to make high-strength materials, and experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences are actively studying the use of spider silk to make high-strength materials. There is a cluster of spinnerets behind the spider's abdomen, which passes through the silk glands in the body. Protein mucus secreted by this gland can condense into extremely strong spider silk in the air. According to the Moscow Communist Youth League newspaper, experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences found that the hardness of this material is 9 times higher than that of steel with the same thickness, and the elasticity is 2 times higher than that of other most elastic synthetic materials. Experts believe that after further processing, the above spider silk materials can be used to manufacture light body armor, parachutes, protective materials for weapons and equipment, wheel tires, plastic surgery appliances and high-strength fishing nets.

[Edit this paragraph] Growth and reproduction

Before mating, the male spider weaves a fine net, produces a drop of liquid containing sperm from the reproductive hole into the fine net, and then sucks the sperm into the limb-touching device. Some have courtship actions during mating, such as tarantulas and jumping spiders waving their beards. The males of stolen spiders in Europe give the flies wrapped in silk to the females and mate with them when they eat; When you can't find flies, use small stones instead. During mating, most male spiders insert their left whisker limb into the left opening of the female spider's reproductive plate and their right limb into the right opening. After the sperm enters the reproductive plate, it moves into the seminal vesicle communicating with the fallopian tube, and the egg is fertilized in the process of being discharged from the fallopian tube to the reproductive hole. Some male spiders refill the connector with semen after mating and mate with the same female spider again. After mating, some kinds of male spiders will coat a layer of secretion (reproductive plug) on the reproductive plate of female spiders to prevent female spiders from mating again. Some male spiders will be eaten by female spiders after mating, but this is not common. Black widow male spiders die a few days after mating, and occasionally they are killed by female spiders because they are too weak after mating. Some female spiders mate only once, while others can mate with multiple males in succession. After mating, the female spider produces an egg bag with several to 1000 eggs, or several egg bags, each containing fewer eggs. Some species die after giving birth to the last egg bag or caring for young spiders. The average life span of such a female spider is 1? Two years. The life of straight chelate is 20 years.

Some primitive species' egg bags are composed of several layers of silk, which are spherical or disc-shaped and attached to stones. Some female spiders guard the egg bags. Tarantulas carry egg bags in their claws or during rotation. After hatching, the young tarantula climbed onto the back of the female spider and left in about 10 days. Some female spiders feed their young. There is a spider in Europe. The female spider died when the young spider began to feed and became the food for the young spider. Young spiders, like spiders, mature after molting several times. Female spider molts 6? 12 times, male spider 2? Eight times. Some shed their skin before hatching. Twice. Straight chelates need 3? 4 years mature. Most of them overwinter with underage spiders. Development and molting are controlled by hormones. Many young spiders can climb to the leaves or treetops, straighten their bellies and let out a few strands of silk to spread by the wind.

The female spider spins silk to form an egg bag, which contains fertilized eggs, and the egg bag is attached to the net (spider), or produced under the stone or on the leaf surface. Some female spiders guard egg bags, and some carry them with them. The young spider that hatched the eggshell stayed in the egg bag for a few days and peeled 1 ~ 2 times in the bag. Young spiders molt 4 ~ 10 times before maturity. Spider silk plays an important role in spider's life. Weaving webs is the instinct of many kinds of spiders. There are many kinds of nets, and the methods of weaving them are different. Many kinds of spiders, especially young spiders, can fly with silk.

Spiders lay eggs, which are usually wrapped in silk bags. Females protect and carry egg bags in different ways, or put them on the net, under rocks, on branches, or put them in their mouths and breasts. For incomplete metamorphosis, the abdomen is still segmented in embryonic stage, and whether there is a net or not is alive. There are circular nets, dish nets, funnel nets, triangular nets and irregular nets. There is a folk song "Little Zhuge Liang, sitting alone in the army account, catching flying generals in the Eight Diagrams Array", which vividly depicts the phenomenon of spiders netting insects.

The internal structure of spiders is quite special in the book Lung of Respiratory Organs. Inside the lung of a book is a capsule, and the wall of each capsule protrudes inward with many leaf-like folds, just like a page. Spider venom gland is cylindrical, and the gland wall is composed of a layer of cells. There is a catheter in front of the poison gland, which opens near the front end of the claw. Poisonous glands secrete venom, which is lethal to small animals, and some can be life-threatening. For example, if you are bitten by a red spider or a cave tarantula, you must treat it in time to avoid life-threatening.

Spiders are carnivores, and their food is mostly insects or other arthropods, but they have no upper jaw and do not directly swallow fixed food. When the net is used to catch the bait, the venom secreted by the poisonous glands in the claws is injected into the captured object to kill it, and the digestive enzyme secreted by the midgut is injected into the prey tissue torn by the claws, which is quickly decomposed into juice and then inhaled into the digestive tract.

The digestive tract is divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. The foregut includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and sucking stomach. The tubular pharynx and sucking stomach can suck liquid food into the digestive tract and transport it to the middle intestine. The midgut includes a central midgut tube and blind sacs on both sides. Behind the midgut is the hindgut, where feces gather.

The Markov ducts of a pair of excretory organs originated from endoderm. In addition to martensitic ducts, young spiders also have a pair of basal ganglia for excretion. However, the basal ganglia of adult spiders are mostly degenerated and have no excretory effect.

Spider lifestyles can be divided into two categories. Namely hunting type and settlement type. Hunter-gatherers are spiders that hunt everywhere. They have no place to live, and they don't make webs, dig holes or build nests at all. Arachnida, Arachnida and most tarantulas. Settled type: some make nets, some dig holes, and some build nests as permanent residences. Such as wall money, stone spiders and so on. Spiders seem very polite. Everyone who lives independently keeps a certain distance and does not invade each other.

Spiders are not only hermaphroditic, males are smaller than females, but also have different colors. For example, the male of the jumping spider family is bright and the female is dark. The males of the cancer spider family have red stripes on their backs, while the females are all green.

Male spiders mature sexually earlier than female spiders, and male spiders appear for a short time. Most of them are female spiders. Spiders have a unique way of mating. For example, after mating, those who can escape being killed by the female spider can mate again.

Before laying eggs, the female spider will make a "puerperal" with silk. Lay eggs on it and cover it with silk. And weave the egg bag into a fixed shape. Generally, a female spider only lays one egg bag, and some also lay multiple egg bags, such as 5-6 spiders, 13 spiders. The number of eggs laid by a female spider can range from a few to several hundred, such as 60-720 spiders of certain species of Arachnida, 1000 spiders.

The young spiders hatched from the egg shell are still in the egg bag, and they have to molt in the egg bag 1 time before leaving the egg bag. Tarantulas are called nanny spiders because they not only hunt with egg bags, but also have the habit of carrying their young when they hatch. Some female spiders die immediately after being woven into the egg bag, some young spiders leave the egg bag and continue to live for a period of time, and some hatched young spiders are killed alive as food.

Before the mature stage, spiders molt many times with their growth, and the molting times and intervals are very inconsistent. Generally speaking, small spiders shed their skin 4-5 times in their lifetime; Medium-sized spiders are about 7 ~ 8 times; Okumo molts about 1 1 ~ 13 times, for example, the male spider of red spider molts 5 times and the female spider molts 7 times.

Compared with ordinary insects, spiders have a long life. Most spiders complete a life cycle, usually 8 months to 2 years. Male spiders have a short life span and die soon after mating. Others, such as water spiders and cunning spiders, can live 18 months, cave tarantulas can live for 2 years, cancer spiders can live for more than 2 years, and bird-catching spiders can live for 20 to 30 years.

Spiders live on silk, which is secreted by silk gland cells and is a viscous liquid in the gland cavity. After being drawn out by the spinning tube, it will condense into filaments when it meets air. The specific gravity of silk is 1.28, which is strong and elastic.

Spiders in the net holes stay in the net during the day and at the mouth of the cave at night, waiting for opportunities to hunt or go out for food. The bear spider dug a shallow hole under the clod, the burrowing tarantula dug a vertical deep hole in the ground, and the dancing spider added a living cover to the hole. This kind of valve consists of multiple layers of silk. The hole depth of the giant spider is 1 m. This kind of spider is very small and poisonous. Once bitten by a cave rabbit, he died in four minutes.

When young spiders start to live in webs, if the spider silk can't attach anything and there happens to be an upward airflow, it will fly in the air and with the wind. For example, Arachnoidea, Tarantunidae, Arachnoidea and Jumping Arachnidae all have the ability to "fly", which is very effective for avoiding cannibalism and the evacuation density is too high.

Spiders are carnivorous and eat a wide range of food, but they mainly prey on insects, and sometimes they can prey on animals several times larger than themselves, such as bird spiders in South America, and sometimes they prey on birds and mice. Spider's mouth is only suitable for sucking liquid food. When catching prey, the venom is first injected into the prey, after anesthetizing or killing the prey, digestive juice is secreted, injected into the prey through the wound of the prey, digested in vitro, inhaled after the soft tissue of the prey is decomposed and liquefied, and then digested and absorbed in the body.

Spiders have many natural enemies. Toads, frogs, mosquitoes, lizards, centipedes and birds all prey on spiders. Some parasitic bees live in spider eggs, some parasitic flies develop in spider egg bags, and almost all mosquitoes and flies are parasitic on spiders in the form of larvae. Spiders often use many methods to defend against enemies, such as expelling venom, hiding, fake bags, mimicry, camouflage, vibration and so on. When you can't escape and your appendage is caught by the enemy, just cut off your appendage and walk away. Anyway, the broken foot will regenerate when molting.

[Edit this paragraph] Taking drugs

After consulting several medical monographs, this paper focuses on the medicinal use of spider bodies of the family Arachnidae. This kind of spider is the most common spider in China, distributed all over the country. Most of them live under the tail eaves and between trees, forming a large wheel network. Most of the nets are made at dusk, and the nets are tough and sticky. It feeds on other insects and spiders. Generally active from March to April to 10, fishing in summer and autumn. It can be rarely used or scalded in boiling water, dried, or dried for later use.

When all spiders are processed, their heads and feet should be removed, fried and stored. It has the function of detoxification and swelling reduction. Indications: sores, tuberculosis, sores, centipedes, bees, scorpions, mouth obstruction, oblique wind, convulsion, malnutrition, impotence, etc. It is also recorded that it can be used to treat proctoptosis, bromhidrosis, aphtha in children, abdominal and femoral hernia in children, lumbago, nasal polyps and so on.

The silk of cobweb is also a medicine for treating bleeding, vomiting blood and toxic sores caused by gold injury, which can be taken orally (fried with yellow powder) or externally applied (externally applied).

Another short-clawed flying tiger of the jumping spider family, which is very small and likes to jump, is named after catching flies. It has the function of regulating blood vessels and can treat falls and injuries. There is also a kind of Smilax glabra, which can also be used as medicine to treat boils and tumors.

Spider shell, the skin shell taken off by a spider, is mainly used to treat tooth and gum bleeding. Spider web is the most poisonous, it can break the oxtail, and it is mainly used for forgetting.

[Edit this paragraph] Spider toxicity

There is no exact statistics on the number of real poisonous spiders. The most poisonous spiders in the world are Mediterranean Black Widow Spider, Brown Flat Spider, Australian Funnel Spider, Black-bellied Ctenopoda Spider and Australian Bird-catching Spider. According to statistics, there were 1726 cases and 55 deaths from 1959 to 1973 in the United States. Thread spiders and bird-catching spiders have bigger and deeper wounds, while tarantulas and spiders have lighter wounds. Phoneutria spiders are very toxic. Taking 20 grams of mice as the experimental object, 0.006 mg of toxin was injected intravenously and died within 2 ~ 5 hours. The toxicity of female spiders is much stronger than that of male spiders, and male spiders will not give people lethal doses of toxins. Because spiders are very toxic, they are terrible in Brazil, the eastern Mediterranean, Yugoslavia and other countries.

The spiders with strong toxicity in China are as follows:

1. Bird spiders in Guangxi, Yunnan and Hainan.

2. Red-clawed spiders are distributed in Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing and Northeast China.

3. The burrowing tarantula is distributed in Xinjiang, northern Shaanxi, Hebei, Changchun and other places.

4. Hairy herpes with long tail, which is common in mountainous areas in south-central Taiwan Province Province.

5. Black widow spider found in Fujian. The toxicity of two kinds of spiders has been studied by China scholars.

[Edit this paragraph] Specimen collection

1. acquisition tool

(1) collection glass tube: plastic tube can also be used instead.

(2) glass vials. (3) Alcohol: 75% ~ 85%. It is best to add 0.5% ~ 1% glycerol to alcohol to make the worm slightly soft.

(4) Tweezers (two sizes), shovels, magnifying glasses, Petri dishes, cotton, pencils, brushes, notebooks and collection bags.

(5) Spider web: Cut white smooth and solid silk or cloth into four trapezoidal pieces of cloth with a width of 20 cm and a length of 60 cm, and sew them into a net bag. The mouth of the bag is made of 8 cm white cotton cloth. The mesh handle can be made of 2 ~ 3 sections.

(6) Preservation tube (box) or live specimen tube: that is, choose an empty glass-thick test tube or a special preservation box (video tape) and put the captured spider specimen into it for preservation, which can be made into specimens or used for artificial feeding.

2. Acquisition method

(1) Spiders are collected in different ways because of their different ecology. The collection action should be steady, fast and accurate. The purpose of collection is different, and the treatment methods are also different. Collect mature individuals as much as possible, protect the integrity of limbs, and try not to grab it by hand to avoid being bitten by poisonous spiders. Finally, write down all kinds of records in time, such as collection time, place, type, color, pattern, etc. Observe first, then collect. Spiders won't run away unless they are frightened. If the male and female spiders live together, try to collect them at the same time and put them together in glass tubes.

(2) When collecting and hunting spiders, you can use shooting down and sweeping. Put a spider web, white cotton cloth or plastic tray under the branches and tap the branches with bamboo sticks. When the spider vibrates violently, it will fall by itself and then catch it with a glass tube. Or between the branches and leaves of grass, using insect-proof nets to sweep directly will achieve brilliant results, such as Taraxacidae, Cat Arachnidae, Wall Arachnidae, Jumping Arachnidae and so on.

(3) When collecting web spiders, we should treat them differently. Spiders with circular webs like to crouch in the center of the web and hunt at night. During the day or under the scorching sun, they often hide in the corner of the net and the back of the leaves, and gently dial the net to lure spiders online. Taking advantage of the habit that spiders will fall down along the silk when they are frightened, they can take it from below with a glass tube. Aglunko, who made a funnel net, is agile and not easy to be caught. He will gently stir the net to expose the spider, quickly block the funnel mouth and catch it with a Petri dish or tube. Trapping spiders should also be carried out in the spider family, and spiders will make webs. For spiders with irregular webs, determine their position on the internet. If they fall into the grass in suspended animation, they can push the grass aside to catch them. For spiders who often dig holes at the root of the wall and the ground, we should first look for fresh and moist soil particles scattered around the hole, and then find the hole position. First, gently move the movable cover with grass to lure the spider to climb to the hole, and then shovel it into the soil obliquely from the hole with a shovel, so that the hole is cut off and there is no way to escape, only catching the last limb.

(4) After spiders are collected, they are used for making specimens or artificial propagation. If species identification is to be done, it is necessary to further observe the claws of spiders, the female organs of female spiders and the limb-touching organs of male spiders.

[Edit this paragraph] Artificial feeding

Because spiders are fierce by nature, they are all carnivores and have the habit of killing each other, so it is easy to succeed in foraging alone, but it is difficult to live in groups. Because spiders have diverse diets, are hungry-tolerant and have strong vitality, they can succeed as long as they guarantee the three basic conditions of food, water and shelter. It is observed that the tarantula pseudoannulata, which is about 1 cm long, preys on 7 ~ 12 planthoppers, leafhoppers and flies every day. The tarantula pseudoannulata can endure starvation for 34 ~ 1 12 days with water and no food supply. This kind of spider has strong hunger tolerance, which is related to its large appetite. Generally, the higher the temperature, the worse the hunger tolerance.

1. Monomer feed

(1) Spider hunting: Because there is no web, the feeding containers used can be smaller, such as glass bottles, test tubes, lampshades and Petri dishes.

(2) Keep a single spider in a glass tube to catch mosquitoes. The nozzle is a cork with a small glass tube, and the inner and lower ends of the small glass tube are stuffed with small cotton balls. Clear water or 10% honey solution (for feeding young spiders) can be injected into the top of the small glass tube for water supply. The other end of the mosquito catching glass tube is a circular bottom extending into the tube, and there is a small hole in the center of the bottom, which is filled with cotton to prevent spiders. You can also use this hole to throw live insects, such as rice planthoppers, leafhoppers, aphids, flies and so on. Or artificial feed such as egg yolk.

(3) lampshade breeding: suitable for medium-sized webbed spiders. The mouth of the lampshade is tied with gauze, and a small hole is opened in the gauze. Install a glass tube for water supply and food. The top of the lampshade is placed on a white porcelain basin larger than the lampshade, which can be covered with fertile soil and planted with plants suitable for the living conditions of spiders. Can develop spiders and young spiders.

(4) Wooden box breeding: suitable for web-forming spiders, such as spiders and octopus. The height of the wooden box is about 1 m. The board only needs to be smooth outside and rough inside, which is convenient for spiders to crawl. Valves are arranged below the two sides of the box to facilitate the operation in the box, and the top and periphery of the box are surrounded by nylon nets to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The box can simulate the layout of natural living conditions, which is convenient for netting, habitat and predation. You can put a Petri dish containing water (cotton balls can be used to store water without drowning spiders) and another Petri dish containing artificial feed.

2. Group feeding

You can design a larger wooden box to increase the variety and number of spiders, and the layout of the box should simulate the natural ecological conditions of spiders. Another kind of feeding box takes iron window screen as the cage wall, which can directly cover straw, and the top of the cage is equipped with a funnel-shaped insect collector. It is difficult to achieve the ideal effect by trapping insects with light and raising them in groups, and it is still being explored.

3. Artificial feed

There are many kinds of spiders, so it is not easy to develop effective human feed. This paper introduces an artificial feed suitable for raising red claw spiders and tarantulas. The crab spider was fed with the mixed feed of 4 portions of egg yolk and 1 portion of miscellaneous materials for 6 weeks, and no adverse reaction was found. Spiders like to prey on fresh meat, which has a great control effect on flies and mosquitoes at home.