Ip is the address of the device on the Internet.
The port computer has 1~65536 (that is, two 16) ports, and the 1~ 1024 port is bound with some recognized services, such as 80443 port for Internet access and 53 port for DHCP.
The ports after 1024 are generally randomly assigned. It can be understood that ip refers to that apartment and the port is the house number. Each program needs an ip+ port to communicate.
So we can talk about traffic shaping, which is Qos.
The communication between different software protocols has different data formats.
L7 tool, used to identify packets of different protocols.
Gargoyle Qos is based on port and L7, such as dd. Gargoyle qos is divided into two parts: rules and services.
Services are similar to various channels, including bullet trains, express trains and express trains. Of course, the express train needs to make way for the bullet train.
Rules are rules that classify each packet into different channels. We can customize them. However, the more services and rules, the more memory the qos function takes up.
First, set the bandwidth to the bandwidth of your own network, which is generally set to 95% of the actual value. Uploading is slightly smaller than downloading.
By default, there are four service categories: VoIP, fast, slow and normal.
Each service class has four attributes, which are introduced respectively:
Percentage bandwidth: configure the bandwidth ratio that should be allocated when the bandwidth of this service category is fully used. When the bandwidth is not fully used, the allocated bandwidth can exceed the set value.
The sum of the attribute values of all service classes is 100.
Min BW: Configure the minimum bandwidth (in kbps, not in percentage) that should be allocated to this service level, and the system will give priority to the bandwidth of this service level.
This is very useful for some applications that require less delay, such as online games and online videos.
Max BW: Configure the maximum bandwidth (in kbps, not in percentage) that should be allocated for this service category, even if there is remaining available bandwidth.
The service category is also not allowed to use more bandwidth than this setting.
Minrtt: When ACC is enabled, configure whether the minimum delay function is enabled for this service category, and sacrifice about 30% of the bandwidth in exchange for reducing the delay by about 50%.
Active Congestion Control (ACC): Similar to a daemon, ping an ip (default is gateway) periodically to obtain the network.
Usage, take certain measures according to the results, enter different modes, and you can customize the target ip and minimum ping value of ping. When the data packet passes through the network composed of Min Rtt, ACC
Will enter MINRTT mode. In fact, the main function of ACC is on MINRTT.
The attributes in rules are designed to match packets, and the purpose of rules is to find packets with these attributes.
Rules are matched from top to bottom. If the packet already matches the rule, it will not match down.
Rules have 10 attributes, among which for ip and port, generally speaking, upload configuration destination port, ip, download configuration source port and ip.
The role of ip and port has been mentioned above. For example, if I want to optimize the delay of a game, I need to know which port it takes, and generally it doesn't need to be specific to ip.
Then put this rule into the service with high priority and Min Rtt enabled, so as to get better results. On the contrary, some applications can be blocked, but it should be noted that,
Your restrictions are too strict. Maybe applications will open new ports frequently, because every developer wants to give users the best experience.
The following are two attributes about the packet length. The length of a packet is a range. This is not used much, of course, it can optimize the packet delay.
The next item is the transmission protocol of data packets, which is also not commonly used.
Connection bytes reach refers to the total amount of data transferred since the link was established. For example, the default setting sets the attribute value of port 80,443 to 1M, and the service.
Normal, and put on the top, the effect is that the priority of the link is very high at first, and when the continuous transmission data reaches 1M, the priority is reduced. This is useful,
Because it's not just browsing web pages that use port 80, Steam also uses port 80 when downloading games. It is said that Thunder sometimes uses port 80. For these,
It can also be distinguished according to the packet length. Maybe 1M is suitable for distinguishing web pages, but it seems a little small to distinguish web videos from other programs. You can add a bigger rule.
Layer7 is generally not used, because the recognition success rate is not ideal.
The next step is to set the packet identified by the rule to specify the service to be used.