What are the main massage techniques \x0d\ Massage techniques mainly include rubbing the meat without rubbing the skin, pulling the tendons without touching the bones, and leaving the bones without hurting the tendons \x0d\ Massage techniques refer to the methods of operating on the body surface with hands or other parts of limbs in the form of force according to various specific skills and standardized movements. Massage is different from simple and casual actions in daily life. It has certain technical requirements and action specifications. It is an advanced exercise form produced by the perfect combination of strength and skill, and it is the basic means of massage to treat diseases. The skill of manipulation \x0d\ how to use it correctly directly affects the therapeutic effect. Therefore, in order to further improve the curative effect, besides accurate diagnosis and syndrome differentiation, it is obviously an important link to apply appropriate methods at appropriate acupoints or parts. \x0d\ Massage techniques require persistence, strength, uniformity and softness, so as to achieve the effect of "deep penetration" of skills. The so-called "perseverance" means that the technology should be used continuously for a certain period of time according to needs, without fatigue or distortion; The so-called "strength" means that the manipulation must have a certain strength, which must be appropriately increased or decreased according to the patient's physique, illness and body position; The so-called "uniformity" means that the technique should be rhythmic, the speed should not be fast or slow, and the pressure should not be light or heavy; The so-called "softness" means that the technique should be light but not floating, heavy but not stagnant, the force should not be rough but not rough, and the movements should be natural. The above points are organically related. To master all kinds of manipulations skillfully and use them flexibly in clinic, we must go through a certain period of manipulative practice and clinical practice before we can become familiar with them from birth, even be handy and use them freely. \x0d\ 1。 Pressing method \x0d\ 1, operating method \x0d\ Use your fingers, palms, elbows or other parts of limbs to press a certain part or acupoint of the human body gradually from light to heavy and from shallow to deep, and stay for a period of time (about 10~30 seconds) when reaching the action level. Acupoint method is to use the fingertip or the protruding part of the flexed interphalangeal joint to exert force; Pressing with the pulp of finger, the root of palm or the whole palm is called pressing method (finger pressing method, palm pressing method); Press the olecranon after elbow, which is often called elbow pressing; Pinch with your nails. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ When pressing, the direction should be perpendicular to the body surface, the stressed part should be close to the body surface, and the skin should not slide; The strength should be gradually increased from light to heavy, and the movement should be smooth and continuous, so that the strength can reach the deep part of the tissue; Acupoint should be accurate, and the exertion should be based on the patient's feeling of acid, swelling, heat and numbness. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ pressing method is a very irritating method, which is suitable for all parts of the body, and can relieve spasms, disperse knots, dredge meridians, relieve pain and carry out plastic reduction. It has a good function of relaxing muscles and eliminating fatigue. Acupoint method is mostly used for acupoints and tender points, which is called "acupoint therapy", and "acupuncturing" is mostly used for muscular parts or strong people. Pinch method is commonly used to pinch acupoints with thumb nails, which is mainly used to rescue coma, such as pinching people and pinching ten announcements. After the clinical application of pressing method, kneading method is often used as an auxiliary means to reduce stimulation. \x0d\ II。 Moxibustion method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ Moxibustion is to exert force on a certain part with fingers, palms or the olecranon behind the elbow and slowly push it in a single direction. The rubbing method is to use the palm or thenar to exert force, cling to the skin and rub back and forth quickly in a straight line. Push method can be divided into light push method and heavy push method according to strength. Full palm heavy push method, four fingers together, thumb apart, palm root force, tiger mouth slightly lifted. If necessary, the other palm surface can be overlapped and pressed on the back of the hand, and both hands can be pushed down at the same time. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ Push method requires that fingers, palms and other parts should be close to the skin, and the force should be steady and strong, and the speed should be slow and even when pushing, so as not to damage the skin or cause discomfort. \x0d\ The rubbing method requires shoulder sinking, elbow drooping and wrist flat extension, and the elbow joint is driven to bend and extend with the shoulder joint as the fulcrum, so that the forearm is consistent with the wrist hand, and it can be rubbed back and forth in a straight line, and cannot be skewed; The downward pressure of the operator's palm should be even and moderate, so that the skin will not fold when rubbing; Generally speaking, the speed should be fast, the round-trip distance should be long, and the movement should be uniform and coherent, but it should not be rubbed for a long time, and the local skin should be congested and red to prevent scratching the skin. \x0d\ 3 Function and application \x0d\ nudge has the functions of sedation, analgesia and discomfort relief. Re-tui method has the functions of dredging meridians, regulating tendons, recovering, relieving spasm, and accelerating venous blood and lymphatic reflux. \x0d\ kneading is a mild and warm stimulus, which has the functions of warming meridians, dredging collaterals, promoting qi circulation, promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Commonly used in deficiency-cold syndrome, it can increase the temperature of local skin and tissues and enhance the cold resistance of the body. According to different massage parts, different hand shapes can be used, such as thenar rubbing at the joints of limbs, palm or thenar rubbing at the lumbosacral part, and thumb rubbing at the tendons and small joints. \x0d\ Moxibustion can be used at the beginning and end of massage or between manipulations to relieve pain or discomfort. \x0d\ III。 Moxibustion method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ Moxibustion is a method of exerting force on a certain part of the body surface with fingers, palms, elbows and other parts to make circular or spiral movements. It is called kneading to attract the skin and drive the subcutaneous tissue to move; Moxibustion is called "Moxibustion", which focuses on the rotating and sliding part of the body surface and does not fix the skin. The combination of the two or something in between is called rubbing. Kneading methods are commonly used as palm, palm root, thenar, thenar, thumb or four fingers, which are called palm kneading method and finger kneading method respectively. Moxibustion usually refers to exerting force on the finger surface or palm surface of finger, middle finger and ring, which are called finger massage and palm massage respectively. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ Both of them need to relax their wrists during operation, and the joints of fingers and palms will naturally straighten and flex with the action. (2) the kneading method should be "sucked", which means that the fingers or palms are close to the skin and do not rub against the skin; (3) When kneading, the movements should be gentle and coordinated, which can be operated clockwise or counterclockwise, and the frequency is about 120 times per minute. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ Moxibustion can promote blood circulation, improve the metabolism of local tissues, regulate qi, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and relieve muscle tension and pain and discomfort caused by intense artificial stimulation. The combination of kneading method and pressing method is called pressing method, which can go deep into tendon, relieve spasm, soften scar and loosen adhesion. \x0d\ IV。 Holding method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ Apply relative force to the finger surfaces of other fingers with the thumbs of one hand or both hands, and press them rhythmically at certain acupoints or parts. Generally, the manipulation has a deep effect, reaching directly to the muscle layer; Kneading only affects subcutaneous tissue; Together, the two are called holding the law. After holding the muscle or subcutaneous tissue, lift it upward, which is called grip method. Pinch method can also be used to bend the second radial side of the index finger relative to the thumb pulp, especially when the subcutaneous tissue is rich. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ Pay attention to the relaxation of shoulders and arms, the flexibility of wrists, the exertion of forearms and the movement of metacarpophalangeal joints; Take the palm of the five fingers as the contact surface and hold the skin on the body surface: the strength is from light to heavy, and then from heavy to light, and the movement is gentle and coherent. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ grip method has the functions of dredging channels and collaterals, relieving exterior sweating, calming and relieving pain, inducing resuscitation and relieving spasm. \x0d\ 5。 Stretching method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ Traction refers to pulling or fixing one end of a limb or joint, and pulling the other end of the joint will lengthen the soft tissue around the joint by different lengths. \x0d\ (1) Cervical stretching method: For athletes whose cervical lordosis is reduced due to cervical injury, cervical stretching method can be used to relieve neck discomfort after exercise. The method is to make the massaged person sit up straight, with the massager standing behind him, his thumb resting on the lower side of occipital protuberance, his food and middle finger resting on the mandibles on both sides of the massaged person, and then gradually pulling up hard. Also, hold the patient's jaw with one elbow, hold his opposite head with one hand, and hold the back of his pillow with the other hand. At the same time, pull your hands upward and pull the cervical vertebra. \x0d\ (2) Shoulder extension method: The patient sits, the affected limb relaxes, and the doctor stands on the back outside, holding the wrist with both hands and slowly pulling it up. Move slowly when you pull it out and sit on a low stool. \x0d\ (3) Wrist stretching method: The patient sits face to face with the doctor, holds the wrist palms with both hands, and gradually stretches hard, at the same time, instructs the patient to lean back slightly to form antagonistic traction. \x0d\ (4) interphalangeal joint stretching method: hold the upper part of the patient's wrist with one hand, hold the affected finger end with the other hand, and stretch hard in the opposite direction with both hands. \x0d\ (5) Ankle extension method: The patient lies on his back, and the doctor holds the heel and the palm with both hands, and gradually stretches the ankle. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ Follow the trend, guide the situation, cooperate closely with the patient during operation, and tell the patient to relax. The force should be persistent, stable and even, and the force should be pulled out slowly, from light to heavy. When pulling and stretching, the strength and intensity should be appropriate, enough is enough, and it should not be rude to avoid injury. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ stretching method is mainly used to widen joint space, adjust muscle ligaments and other related soft tissues, straighten bones and muscles, loosen adhesion and smooth joints. \x0d\ VI。 Operation method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ The method of making joints bend, stretch, rotate and circle with the cooperation of both hands, that is, the joint exercise method. Generally speaking, first do rotation, then do flexion and extension, and finally turn around, which can be simply called shaking method. \x0d\ (1) Shoulder traction method: Hold the shoulder with one hand and press it with the other hand to fix it, and perform flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and circular rotation of the shoulder joint. \x0d\ (2) Elbow traction: Hold the wrist with one hand and the back of the elbow with the other, then rotate the forearm and bend the elbow at the same time. After bending to a certain extent, rotate the forearm forward and extend the elbow. \x0d\ (3) Wrist joint traction: one hand holds the upper part of the wrist joint, and the other hand holds the four fingers of the hand for flexion, extension and rotation. \x0d\ (4) Hip traction: Hold the upper part of the ankle joint with one hand and press the knee joint with the other hand, so that the knee joint always flexes at an acute angle. First of all, the patella joint should be flexed and stretched, and the hip joint should be rotated from the inside out or from the outside in. \x0d\ (5) Knee transport method: Hold the calf with one hand and the knee joint with the other hand, and rotate, flex and stretch from outside to inside or from inside to outside. \x0d\ (6) Ankle transport method: Hold the calf with one hand and the foot with the other, and do flexion and extension, varus, valgus and circular motion. (.\x0d\ (7) Neck transport method: hold the top of the head of the massaged person with one hand and the lower jaw with the other hand, gently rotate left and right, and bend back and forth. . \x0d\ (8) Lumbar transport method: The patient lies on his back with his knees and buttocks bent, and the doctor stands on the side of the patient, holding his knees with the second hand and forearm, and holding his ankles or buttocks with the other hand to make the lumbar spine rotate left and right. . \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ The action should be gentle, the force should be steady, and a little pulling force should be properly maintained. When operating, let nature take its course, make the best use of the situation, and avoid being rude and reckless. The range of activities should be from small to large, and should not exceed the range of joint physiological activities. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ This method is passive and widely used in clinic. It is mostly used in the middle and late stage of treatment, and is only used in joints such as limbs, neck and waist. It has the functions of smoothing joints, releasing adhesion, enhancing joint mobility, promoting synovial fluid metabolism and inflammatory absorption in joints. \x0d\ VII。 Tap method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ Tap the body surface with fingers, palms, empty fists or mulberry branches. The hitting force is heavy, and it is generally operated with one hand, such as fist back, palm root, thenar or mulberry stick. Knocking is light, "knocking is knocking." Generally, it is operated by the side of a ruler with a half-clenched fist or an open palm, and the hands are alternately knocked up and down. If you tap with one-handed virtual palm, it is called tapping. \x0d\ 2。 Action essentials \x0d\ Strike hard, and the action should be quick and flexible, starting with one blow; The direction should be perpendicular to the body surface, and there can be no dragging action; The frequency should be even and rhythmic, usually 3~5 times. When knocking, the wrist should be relaxed and flexed freely to make the action light, soft and rhythmic. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ tapping method uses the impact force when tapping to make the tissue vibrate, which has good functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, activating qi and promoting blood circulation. Tapping can relieve muscle spasm and tension, eliminate muscle soreness and restore fatigue after exercise; Flapping also has an exciting effect, which can improve the state of muscle excitement. \x0d\ VIII。 Rub method \x0d\ 1. Operation method \x0d\ The rubbing method is to hold the massaged limb with the palms of both hands, and rub it back and forth quickly in the opposite direction with relative force, while moving up and down. \x0d\ shaking method is divided into limb shaking method and muscle shaking method. When the limb shakes, hold the distal end of the rubbed limb with one hand or both hands, and under the slight continuous traction, use a little force to shake up and down quickly and continuously. When the muscles shake, gently hold the muscles with your hands and vibrate rapidly from left to right in a short time. \x0d\ 2. Action essentials \x0d\ When operating by rubbing, both hands should exert force symmetrically, and the action should be gentle and even, rubbing back and forth quickly, and moving up and down slowly. \x0d\ shaking method should be continuous and uniform, and the frequency should be from slow to fast, and then from fast to slow; The amplitude of jitter should be small, the frequency should be fast, and the intensity should not be too great. The agitation wave should be conducted in the distal direction along the limb. \x0d\ 3。 Function and application \x0d\ rubbing method are often used in combination. As a last method, it can make muscles and joints vibrate constantly. It has the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, regulating qi and blood, relieving spasm, dredging joints, accelerating fatigue elimination and improving muscle working ability.