Planting method of potted pomelo trees
Fertilize soil or land
The immature root system is shallow in distribution and weak in fertilizer absorption, so the principle of giving attention to both fertilizer and water and applying thin fertilizer frequently should be mastered. Fertilize +0 1 month in March-July and June 1 time. Among them, spring bamboo shoot fertilizer in March, summer bamboo shoot fertilizer in May and 1 1 winter fertilizer are essential. Young trees mainly use organic nitrogen fertilizer, such as human manure, decomposed manure, cake fertilizer, and appropriate amount of urea and other chemical fertilizers. Fertilization of young trees is mainly to promote the emergence of shoots in spring, summer and autumn, accelerate the formation of crown, and pay attention to regulating vegetative growth and reproductive growth to enhance the ability of drought resistance and freezing resistance.
Planting time
Pomelo trees can be planted in spring and autumn, and the planting effect is the best in autumn. Spring sowing is generally selected during the period from beginning of spring to rain; It is best to plant pomelo trees in the autumn from mid-September to 10.
land
Planting pomelo trees requires high soil, which must be fertile, breathable and have good water-holding ability, but it will not be waterlogged. The content of soil humus should reach about 3%-5%.
The root system of pomelo is relatively developed, which requires higher nutrients in the soil. To plant pomelo trees, we should dig a big pit, fill it with cooked soil, green manure and compost, improve the soil and give the pomelo trees a comfortable nest.
Field planting
Loosen the upper soil in the nest, fully mix the decomposed compost 15kg, phosphate fertilizer 1.2kg and potassium fertilizer 0.6kg, then fill the soil and tamp it, and finally cover it with a layer of fine soil.
Dig a small pit with enough leaves and seedlings to stand upright, spread the root system and cover it with fine soil. Keeping the temperature and humidity and covering the tree tray with green manure or straw can improve the survival rate of grapefruit seedlings. After about 20-30 days, grapefruit seedlings will resume growth. In order to promote growth, apply fertilizer every 10- 15 days.
Fruit selection seedling
When planting pomelo seedlings, the branches of excellent mother trees should be selected as scions, which are free from pests and diseases and grow healthily. The grapefruit we usually eat contains seeds. Actually, we can plant them. We don't need to pay attention to any methods. When we throw it into the ground, it will sprout soon.
illuminate
Only in a well-lit conservation environment can pomelo trees grow well. Of course, even in a bright room, pomelo trees can bloom, but it is almost difficult to bear fruit.
water
Almost most plants don't like stagnant water, and the rootstock of pomelo tree has strong adaptability, so watering should be based on the principle that Que Ning is not rotten.
Management method of pomelo tree planting
First, planting
Choose thick, water-rich land or a place with good water resources.
1. Planting time: spring and autumn rainy season is generally suitable. Spring from the end of February to the end of April; Autumn from mid September to mid June 10. If conditions permit, it can be planted in other seasons, but it is not suitable for planting under low temperature in winter and drought in summer.
2. Planting density: plant spacing 4? Four meters or four? 5 meters, generally about 40 plants are planted per mu, or 50-60 plants can be planted in short density planting.
3. Planting method: (1) Before planting, dig a pit 1 meter square, apply a large amount of organic fertilizer and a proper amount of phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer, and return the soil to 20-30 cm above the ground. (2) When planting, gently put the seedlings into the holes, plant them with loose and broken fine soil, and compact the fine mud around the root groups by hand to expose the joints to the ground. (3) After planting, arrange the trays 20 cm above the ground and fill them with root water.
Second, soil farming.
1. Deep ploughing, reaming and soil maturation: Deep ploughing and soil maturation must start from the establishment of the garden and be expanded year by year. Young trees can dig annular ditches around the planting holes and plough deeply in different years. Adult pomelo orchards can be ploughed into furrows around the crown, with a depth of about 0.5? 0.7 meters, layered organic fertilizer, green fertilizer and other inorganic fertilizers, can be deeply ploughed every other year, staggered or rotated every year.
2. Planting green manure and cultivating soil: Planting green manure to cover the ground can prevent erosion, reduce soil temperature, increase air humidity, inhibit weeds in summer, increase soil organic matter and improve soil fertility. If you intercrop beans and vegetables, you can increase the early benefits, turn the straw and residual branches into the soil and increase the soil organic matter.
3. intertillage and soil cultivation: intertillage combined with weeding, usually 3-4 times a year, that is, after picking fruits in winter, combined with sowing, intercropping once a year. The depth of intertillage is 10- 15cm (combined with intercropping and sowing, it should be deepened appropriately), and the closer it is to the trunk, the shallower it is, so as not to damage the big roots. The soil should be intertillaged before the dry season comes or after the fruits are picked in winter. In gentle slope areas, the soil should be cultivated once every 3-4 years, and in places with large slope and serious erosion, it should be cultivated once every other year.
Third, fertilization.
Young trees are small and tender, so it is advisable to apply thin fertilizer frequently, which can be applied 5-6 times a year. Generally, it is necessary to apply fertilizer four times to the fruiting trees, that is, returning fertilizer, accelerating germination fertilizer, stabilizing fruit fertilizer and strengthening fruit fertilizer.
1. Returning fertilizer (base fertilizer): It should be applied before and after fruit picking, and its fertilization amount accounts for half of the annual fertilization amount. A large number of slow-acting fertilizers such as green manure, compost, manure and cake fertilizer should be applied, and they should be used in conjunction with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
2. Germination accelerating fertilizer (fertilizer before flowering): generally in 2? In March, the fertilizer should be mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, mainly using human and animal manure, and appropriately combining urea.
3. Fruit-stabilizing fertilizer: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied in the first half month of fruit dropping in June, decomposed human and animal manure can be applied, and calcium superphosphate 1% leaching solution can be sprayed.
4. Strong fruit fertilizer: applied in the middle and late June, with available nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Four. Irrigation and drainage
Pomelo trees are evergreen all the year round, with large annual growth of branches and shoots, long fruiting period, large leaves and fruits, and high requirements for water. The cultivation of pomelo trees must ensure their water demand through irrigation, which should be based on the water demand of pomelo trees in each phenological period and the drought situation at that time. Generally speaking, the growth and development of Hejiang need a proper amount of water, especially in the spring bud germination period, flowering period and fruit growth peak period. Hejiang is dry in spring and dry in summer, so irrigation must be carried out at this time. Pay attention to drainage in places with low terrain and high groundwater level or in rainy season. Before rainy season or rainstorm season, check the drainage system of pomelo garden at any time, and timely repair and dredge it to ensure smooth drainage.
Five, plastic pruning
The grapefruit tree is strong and tall. When young, under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the top has strong advantages, the branches grow upright, and it is easy to form an obvious trunk tree shape, and the new shoots are numerous and strong. After the fruit, the branches droop and bend downward, making the tree form an umbrella. Light is not easy to penetrate into the canopy, but the branches are small. The fruiting branches of pomelo trees are mostly in the crown, which are biennial leafless branches (commonly known as claws).
According to the growth and fruiting characteristics of pomelo trees, which ones should be selected in production? Side torso shape? And what about nature? Happy modeling? The stem height is 40-60 cm, the main branch spacing is 30-40 cm, and 5-6 main branches are cultivated. What should I do when pruning pomelo trees? Top weight, square light, outer weight, inner light? That is to say, in the dense branches around the crown, the pruning is sparse, and then the top branches are pruned, and the inner branches are lightly pruned, so that the internal light of the crown is good, the fruits are more, and the quality is good. Generally, the slender leafless branches on the 3-4-year-old side branches in the crown are excellent fruiting mother branches and must be preserved. The side branches that are too long or disturb the tree shape around the crown and affect the balance of tree potential should be thinned to achieve the purpose of ventilation. If the tree is strong, it should be cut down again, and if it is weak, it should be cut down lightly.
Six, pest control
There are many pests and diseases that harm pomelo trees, such as mites, scale insects, liriomyza sativae, anthracnose and so on. Control should be based on the occurrence characteristics of various pests and diseases, combined with pesticide application.
1. From the end of February to the beginning of April before flowering, chemical agents were sprayed twice continuously, mainly to control mites, and combined with other pests, the pesticides used were insecticide+acaricide+bactericide.
2. During the young fruit period from mid-May to late June after flowering, chemical agents were sprayed twice continuously, mainly to control scale insects, and combined with other pests, pesticides: insecticide+bactericide were used.
3. From the Mid-Autumn Festival to the beginning of September, spray the medicine continuously for 3-4 times, mainly to control leaf miner, butterfly and anthracnose, and use pesticide: insecticide+bactericide.
From mid-September to early June, 10 is the second peak of mite damage, and it needs to be sprayed 1-2 times, and at the same time, mites and other pests and diseases are treated, using pesticides: insecticide+acaricide+sterilization.
Spray the mixture of sulfur and stone once in winter to clean the garden. Insecticide can be used alternately with chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon and mirex, bactericide can be any one of carbendazim, thiophanate and zineb, and acaricide can be sprayed alternately with propargite and mirex. Spraying should be even and meticulous.
Method for plan pomelo trees
1, soil requirements:
Choosing the land to plant grapefruit is not strict with the soil. As long as the soil layer is deep and the drainage is good, it can be planted, but sandy loam is the best. The field management of newly planted young trees needs sufficient water and fertilizer, and spraying new high-fat film can ensure that the above-ground water does not evaporate and the seedlings do not transpiration, isolate pests and diseases, shorten the slow seedling stage and accelerate the root development. The specific requirements are that the soil layer is deep (60㎝) and fertile; The ph value of the soil is 5.5-7.0; The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning a garden, there should be necessary roads, irrigation and drainage, water storage and ancillary building facilities. In terms of specific planning, we should concentrate on one place as much as possible and build gardens in places with good traffic and water conditions. Spraying Wang Cuihua No.2 (Nanpin) on adult fruit trees during flower bud differentiation promoted flower bud differentiation, and inhibited summer shoot overgrowth, while spraying in late autumn inhibited winter shoot germination.
It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.
2. Planting requirements:
(1), time. Generally, it is planted after the autumn bamboo shoots mature in September-165438+10 or before the spring bamboo shoots germinate in February-March.
(2) density. Adopt a plant spacing of 3m? The row spacing density is 4m, and 55-60 plants are planted per mu.
(3) Planting techniques. Digging planting holes in the soil: pulling wires at regular intervals, digging planting holes with a depth of 80cm and a width of 80cm, then pressing green manure with a depth of 50cm, and backfilling the soil with a height of 40cm for planting; Ridge planting: 8 meters, 60-80㎝ wide and 40-60cm deep, with 2 ridges per grid (width 1.5m, center distance 4m, height 20-30cm). When planting, the roots of seedlings should be trimmed appropriately, placed in the center of the planting hole, stretched and righted, and the seedlings should be gently lifted upward while filling the soil, so that the roots are closely connected with the soil. Water the roots, make a 1m tree tray around the seedlings, and cover it with chaff.
3. Colonization:
The planting period is generally in spring (February-March) and autumn (9-65438+1October). Planting density 3? Plant 60 plants per mu. It is required to plant in a big hole with a depth of 80cm and a width of 100cm. Cooperate with the application of organic fertilizer and apply pressure in 2-3 layers. Each hole should use not less than 50 kg of organic fertilizer and 2 kg of dead fertilizer. After planting, spray water on the roots, cultivate the ridge into a tree disk with a height of 15-20cm and a diameter of 60- 100cm, and then cover it with straw.
4, young tree management:
Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of "diligent application and thin application", and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month. And do a good job of intercropping vegetables or dwarf crops. After two years of planting, the lateral trunk shape is adopted uniformly, and the methods of supporting, pulling, hanging and controlling buds are adopted to make the crown ventilated and transparent, with many bore holes and thick mother branches. According to the growth of trees, ring cutting technology is adopted to increase the nutrient accumulation of branches and promote early fruit.
5, plastic trimming:
Fertilization of young trees should be based on the principle of "diligent application and thin application", and quick-acting fertilizer should be applied 2-3 times a month. And do a good job of intercropping vegetables or dwarf crops. After two years of planting, the lateral trunk shape is adopted uniformly, and the methods of supporting, pulling, hanging and controlling buds are adopted to make the crown ventilated and transparent, with many bore holes and thick mother branches. According to the growth trend of trees, ring cutting technology is adopted to increase the nutrient accumulation of branches and promote early fruit.
6, flower thinning and fruit thinning protection:
When most buds grow to the size of matchsticks, they will begin to be sparse. When the bud turns white, the ear, tail and weak buds will become thinner, leaving only 4-5 strong buds in the middle. After the second physiological fruit drop, the abnormal fruit is removed, and the fruit with pests and diseases is left according to the leaf-fruit ratio of about 60-70: 1. To protect the fruit, spray 2.4-D5- 10PPm or anti-falling agent after flowering.
7, fertilization management:
The emphasis is on organic fertilizer and farmyard manure. Fruit trees generally do not need chemical fertilizers, especially chlorine-containing chemical fertilizers. The first fruit-bearing tree (3-4 years) is mainly fertilized three times after fruit picking, before spring germination and during the strong fruit period. Apply base fertilizer once in August-September after fruit picking, mainly farm manure, compound fertilizer and withered fertilizer; In February, apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer once before spring shoots germinate to promote the growth of spring shoots; At the beginning of June, a strong fruit fertilizer, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, was applied to promote fruit expansion and new shoot growth.
(1), fertilization principle:
It is necessary to fully meet the demand of blood orange for various nutrients, advocate more application of organic fertilizer, and rationally apply inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.
(2) Fertilization method:
Mainly based on soil fertilization, combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.
(1) Fertilization for young trees: apply fertilizer thinly, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn at the seedling stage (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February), and apply 0.4 kg of ammonium carbonate or 0.2 kg of urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.
(2) Water content: irrigate when the soil is dry, and drain when the water accumulates.