Yellow peach, also known as yellow-fleshed peach, belongs to Rosaceae, and is named after its yellow flesh. Yellow peach is very rich in nutrition, rich in antioxidants (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, vitamin C, anti-free radicals and so on. ), dietary fiber (a large amount of pectin in pulp is cellulose needed by the human body and is easy to absorb. ), iron, calcium and various trace elements (selenium, zinc and other contents are obvious, higher than other fruits, and are the king of fruits). Yellow peach tastes moderate in hardness, sweet and sour, delicious, rich in aroma, moderate in moisture, and has a mature sugar content of 14~ 15 degrees. Regular consumption can play a role in relaxing bowels, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood fat, resisting free radicals, removing dark spots, delaying aging and improving immunity. And it can also stimulate appetite. It can be called health fruit and health Zhi Tao.

cultivation techniques

grow seedlings

Choose high-lying, sunny, loose and fertile land, plough deeply before sowing, apply sole fertilizer and open drainage ditch. Yellow peaches are mainly rootstock seedlings, and the rootstock variety is generally Maotao. After the peach pit is layered, the kernel is taken to accelerate germination, and it is sown in late March (plastic film mulching is the best), and 1 ridge double-row sowing is about 300,000 grains /hm, and fertilizer and water management is strengthened in the middle to promote plant growth. There are two grafting methods, namely "D" sowing method and "D" sowing method.

Bud head grafting method, mainly introducing the latter, is convenient to operate and suitable for large-scale grafting. Scions are selected from varieties with excellent comprehensive properties, and vegetative branches without pests and diseases are taken from the periphery of the middle part, and leaves are removed and petioles are left. Select a robust bud head, cut 1 knife to xylem at the upper part of the scion 0.5 cm, then cut the xylem at the lower end of the bud upward to the transverse incision, and then stick the cut scion to the incision of the rootstock to form the cambium. The scion rootstock was bound with plastic film tape, and after 2 weeks, the survival situation was checked and loosened in time. Bud grafting is carried out in the middle and early June and from mid-August to mid-September. The seedlings grafted by the former can leave the nursery in the same year, and the sprouting tillers should be removed in time to promote the germination of seedlings. The latter will become semi-finished seedlings in that year, and the rootstock will be cut off 0.5 cm away from the bud grafting position in the next spring to cultivate grafted seedlings. Nitrogen fertilizer was dominant in the early stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were dominant in the later stage [1-2].

plant

/kloc-sow from October to March of the following year, mainly in autumn, until the peach seedlings shed leaves and the soil is completely frozen, which can delay the seedlings quickly and have a high survival rate in the next spring. The density should be determined according to the conditions and varieties of the garden, the way of shaping and pruning, and the management level. Generally, 450~750 plants/hectare should be planted (1 hectare is 15 mu). The depth of the planting point should be 40~80 cm. Choose strong seedlings (try to choose one-year-old seedlings, which is shorter than the period with sprouts 1 year, and the molding will be shortened by two years, and the fruit will be produced in the second year), plant at the same level, and apply 50 kg of organic fertilizer/hole and calcium superphosphate 1 kg/hole to achieve one layer of fertilizer and one layer of soil. The planting depth is 3 ~ 5 cm below the grafting site, and the bud faces the sun. When the seedlings are buried in the soil of 1/2, lift the seedlings upward to fully extend the roots, then fill the soil, water it and cover it with plastic film. In order to prevent the seedlings from swaying by the wind, a bamboo pole can be inserted next to the seedlings and tied and fixed. When the grafted bud grows to less than 40 cm, the rootstock (bud grafting) should be cut off in time, and the upper end of the grafted bud 1 cm is obliquely cut. When the grafted buds grow to more than 60 cm, the tips should be picked in time to promote the growth of secondary buds and prepare for the cultivation of tertiary branches. In order to prevent nodules, ammonia water 1.0 ~ 1.5 kg/hole can be used for disinfection before planting.

Soil, fertilizer and water management

After defoliation, before freezing, combined with the application of base fertilizer in autumn to deepen and expand the Taoyuan hole, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and deepen outward every year or every other year with a depth of 40-60 cm, so as to minimize root damage, especially the backbone roots, until the soil between plants is completely turned up, tidy up the tree tray, backfill the soil with organic fertilizer, and fill it with frozen water. After rain or irrigation in the orchard growing period, intertillage and loosen the soil to a depth of 5~ 10 cm in time. Wheat straw, wheat bran, corn straw, hay, etc. It can be covered under the canopy, with a thickness of 10 ~ 15 cm, and 2 cm of soil is pressed on it.

1~2 years, the newly planted seedlings must pay attention to fertilizer and water management to promote the growth of seedlings, but they must be sparse and fertilized frequently. In the spring and summer seedling growing season, young trees can plant thin vegetables, which is beneficial to improve soil vitality and change soil quality, but they must not plant tall crops. Apply thin fertilizer frequently, promote before and control after. Fertilize 10 times from March to June, and apply 50 g/ urea/plant with manure water; From the end of June to July, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 g/ plant) was applied three times to promote branch maturity and flower bud differentiation. We must pay attention to the management of fertilizer and water at seedling stage in order to sprout, germinate and become branches as soon as possible. It is forbidden to use ammonium bicarbonate as topdressing. Ammonium bicarbonate is an alkaline fertilizer, which easily alkalizes soil. Peach root can't absorb trace elements in alkaline soil, which leads to iron deficiency and magnesium deficiency. After fruit trees enter the fruiting period, they are strict with fertilizer and water, and should be fertilized, drained and irrigated in time. Germination fertilizer was applied in the middle and late February, accounting for 10% of the annual fertilization. Irrigation with quick-acting fertilizer and clear water. If the buds are full, you can only use irrigation. Strong fruit fertilizer should be applied from late April to mid-May, accounting for 30% of the annual consumption. Pay attention to potassium sulfate compound fertilizer. Apply fruit picking fertilizer from June to September, accounting for 60% of the annual consumption. The combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is the most important fertilization in the whole year. External fertilization: spraying high-yield fertilizer before and after flowering to stabilize flowers and fruits, topdressing before bagging, spraying growth regulator to inhibit branch growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Yellow peach fruit trees are very strict about water, so they should open drains to prevent water accumulation. Fruits need a lot of water during their development. In case of high temperature and drought, drought-resistant irrigation must be carried out in time, and the best irrigation time in summer is evening or early morning [3-4].

Plastic trimming

Peach trees have the characteristics of weak dryness, high germination rate and strong branching, so they become crowns quickly and bear fruit early, but they also age quickly. Therefore, plastic surgery should be shaped as soon as possible to shorten the vegetative growth period. The tree is mainly natural and cheerful, with a fixed trunk of 50~60 cm, 3 ~ 4 secondary branches with good orientation are selected as the trunk, and the lateral branches are cultivated about 10, and the opening angle is 60 ~ 70. Young trees should be cut lightly, and then cut when the fruit is full. Pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. The pruning time in summer is from April to June, mainly focusing on shaping, expanding crown as soon as possible and cultivating solid skeleton, mainly including budding, reducing sprouting, twisting tips and pulling branches. The pruning time in winter is165438+1late October to 65438+February, with summer as the main season and the latter as the supplement.

Fruit management

Yellow peach has three physiological fruit drops throughout the year. 1 time appears around 15 d after flowering, and the second fruit drop time is from late May to mid-June. Prevention method: use peach buds to hold down long branches, and do not apply fertilizer before flowering to prevent the tender branches from running away; Pruning, proper fertilization, attention to drainage and prevention of pests and diseases can be carried out in summer. Fruit trees have high fruit setting rate and consume too much nutrients, which will cause fruit drop, so it is necessary to thin the fruit in time. When thinning fruit, remove insect fruit, diseased fruit and deformed fruit, remove double fruit and leave one. 1 The time is generally in early May, and the fruit reserves are sufficient. The second time was carried out before bagging in the middle and late May, and the fruits were kept according to the predetermined amount. The fruit of yellow peach is vulnerable to pests such as peach moth, moth and moth, which affects the yield and commodity value. Bagging can not only prevent insects and birds, but also reduce the frequency of drug use, production cost and pesticide pollution. Moreover, the color of bagged yellow peaches is brighter, which improves the quality and sales price of fruits. The suitable bagging time is 50~55 d after the second physiological fruit drop (hard core stage), that is, in the middle and late May, 9: 00-1:00, 15: 00- 18: 00 on sunny days. The liquid medicine is dry, and the fashion bag. When bagging, open the paper bag with the ventilation and water leakage opening facing down. After the fruit is nested, aim the fruit handle at the middle of the base of the bag mouth, fold the bag mouth from the middle to both sides in turn, and tie the bag mouth tightly with iron wire to avoid hurting the fruit and the fruit handle. The bagging sequence should be from top to bottom and from inside to outside. Different varieties have different picking time. If it is difficult to color, the bag should be picked early in advance, and the bag picking time is generally 5~30 d before the bag picking.

Eliminate pests and diseases

The main pests and diseases of yellow peach are peach anthracnose, peach brown rot, peach fruit borer, pear fruit borer, peach aphid, liriomyza sativae and so on. Pest control should actively implement the policy of "prevention first, scientific control", advocate biological control based on agricultural control and physical control, and scientifically use chemical control technology according to the occurrence law of pests and diseases to effectively control pests and diseases. In the control of peach anthracnose, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be the main factors in peach growth period, supplemented by urea. Timely irrigation, reasonable pruning, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, and cleaning the orchard in autumn. Cut off diseased branches and dead branches, and remove dead fruits. After clearing the garden, spray 1 times of 3 ~ 5 bé lime-sulfur mixture. In spring (early March), spray 3 ~ 5 grains of shellfish sulfur mixture before germination, spray 10% shikao 800 ~ 1 0,000 times solution before and after flowering, and spray 10% shikao 800 times solution or 80% mancozeb 600 ~ solution at the initial fruit stage and fruit expansion stage. In the prevention and control of brown rot, we should eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria, clean the garden in combination with pruning, remove dead fruits and diseased branches, burn them centrally, turn over the soil, and bury the diseased bodies on the ground deeply underground. Reasonable pruning, ventilation and light transmission, more application of organic fertilizer to enhance tree vigor, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases, conditional bagging. Spraying 5 times of sulfur mixture on peach trees before germination, and spraying 500 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder or 50% carbendazim 1000 times 1000 times of 50% chlorpheniramine wettable powder in fruit period. In the prevention and control of peach moth, attractive plants, such as sunflower, are planted in four corners or around the orchard, and integrated insects are concentrated on the flower tray to lay eggs, thus reducing the harm to fruit trees. Hanging sweet and sour pot and sex attractant to trap and kill adults, the ratio of sweet and sour water to water, brown sugar, vinegar and trichlorfon is 10.0: 6.0: 3.0: 0. 1. Fruit bagging is to prevent adults from laying eggs on it and damaging the fruit. During the peak period of adult spawning and hatching, 50% chlorpyrifos emulsion or 5 000 times 2.5% deltamethrin EC was sprayed for control. Note that dichlorvos, dimethoate and trichlorfon have a strong effect of thinning flowers and fruits when sprayed before the hard core of peach fruit, so they are prohibited drugs before the hard core; When Bordeaux mixture is used on peach trees, it will cause serious perforation of peach leaves and a large number of fallen leaves. Peach trees are sensitive to sulfur mixture and are often used before germination.