Selection of nursery land: a standard rectangular site with sufficient sunshine, open terrain, sufficient water source, convenient irrigation and drainage, complete water conservancy ditches and field roads, which is suitable for the operation needs of nursery land construction.

Fertilization in nursery: the cohesiveness of seedbed soil should be suitable for rootstock growth and soil consolidation. For fertile soil with weak viscosity, it is not suitable to use mud balls to raise seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to match seedbed land with different soil quality. If the seedbed is paddy field, water control, ploughing, airing and deep ploughing are beneficial to improve the ground temperature and soil oxygen content, kill soil germs and eggs and loosen the soil. On the basis of controlling the field to turn over the sun, hauling red clay from other places to mix and enhance the adhesion is beneficial to raising seedlings with mud in the future, which is the key measure to ensure the survival of bare seedlings. It is suggested that according to the fertility level per mu, 500 ~ 600 kg of decomposed sheep manure, 50 ~ 100 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50 ~ 100 kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of lime should be applied and fully mixed with soil.

Seedbed soil moisture regulation: Seedbed soil moisture regulation will be carried out after soil fertility matures for 2 months, specifically: ① soil moisture surface regulation. Requirements for moisture content of the whole soil: the width of moisture content is 2m, and the length depends on the field topography and moisture content form. The ditch is 30 cm wide and 30 cm deep, and the drainage ditch is 50 cm deep. After the sowing water is separated, level the broken soil and wait for sowing. ② Set up fences. In order to prevent pigs, cattle and other livestock from entering the nursery, fences should be set around the nursery base. The specific measures are as follows: set cement bricks around the nursery with iron wires or use bamboo poles as fences. ③ Build a shade shed. Standard: shed span is 6m, length 15 ~ 20m, shoulder height 1 ~ 1.5m, ridge height 1.8 ~ 2m, and shed bottom section diameter is 6m. Steps: Set a column every 2m along the width (span) direction of the shed. The column is 6 ~ 8 cm thick, with an arched top and a buried depth of 50 cm. Place bricks or tie bars and compact them. Bamboo poles are fixed at the top of the column to form an arch, and cross bars are added at both ends to be buried underground for compaction. Arch distance 1m, connected into a whole by longitudinal tie rods; The arch frame is covered with a sunshade net, and one end of the tensioned net is buried in the surrounding soil, and the sunshade net is pressed between the arch frames by pressing wires or No.8 aluminum wires and bamboo poles.

Rootstock cultivation: According to the experience, the old variety litchi has good affinity with Shuidong, Xiaohei March Red, Feizixiao and other varieties, so the local old variety litchi is selected as the grafting rootstock. The specific work is as follows: ① Seed collection and germination acceleration. After the fruits are ripe in April-May, the seeds of the old variety litchi will be collected intensively, and it takes about130,000 seeds to cultivate 100 seedlings. Litchi seeds should not be placed for a long time, but should be collected in batches to accelerate germination and sowing. Method of accelerating germination: Choose the flat land of 1, pile 3 ~ 5cm wet sand on it, lay the washed seeds flat on the sand surface, and don't let the seeds overlap, then cover the seeds with 5cm thick straw, often shower with water to keep the straw wet, and take them out for sowing after 4 ~ 5 days when the radicle of the seeds is exposed. ② Seeding and seedling raising. Sowing specifications: plant spacing 18cm× 12cm. Sowing mode: single-core sowing. When sowing, first open the sowing ditch according to the row spacing, and the depth of the ditch is about 3cm. The seeds are laid flat in the ditch according to the original plant spacing, and covered with soil after watering. The suitable thickness of covering soil is 2cm, too shallow seeds are easy to dry and die, and too deep seedlings are not easy to be unearthed.

Rootstock grafting: ① scion selection. The grafted varieties are Shuidong, Xiaohei Sanyuehong and Feizixiao, and other varieties are properly matched. Pruning management of branches should be done well in the early stage of picking. Ear cutting requirements: select 3-5 year-old fruiting mother trees as the cutting source, and select 1-2 year-old branches with full growth, full bud eyes and mature leaves in the middle and upper part of the crown. Storage requirements: if conditions permit, marry the cuttings; If you really don't need to put it for a short time, you should wrap the scion with fresh litchi leaves, then wrap it with a layer of wet towel, seal it with plastic bags and put it in a cool place. ② Grafting time. According to the experience, it is better to graft litchi from March to April every year, and replant it in September-65438+1October of that year. ③ Grafting method. Seedling grafting in nursery adopts the methods of branch grafting and cutting grafting. Grafting method: First, cut the rootstock. Cut the top of the rootstock 30cm from the ground, select a plane, cross the 1 knife upward to form a 45-degree inclined plane, and cut the 1 knife vertically downward along the cambium or slightly xylem of the flat part below the inclined plane, with a length of 3-4cm. Secondly, cut the scion. The scion branches are straight down, the lower ends of the branches are cut into inclined planes with a 45-degree angle, the straight edges of the branches are turned upwards, and the cuttings are cut to cambium or slightly xylem, and smooth long sections are cut, leaving 2-4 buds. Finally, joint and seal. Insert the cut scion into the incision of the rootstock, make the cambium between the rootstock and the ear align with each other, tie it tightly with film tape, and seal it.

Nursery seedlings: ① seedling standard. First, the compatibility between rootstock and scion is good, and the grafting joint develops evenly from top to bottom, and there are no undesirable phenomena such as base expansion or yellowing of trunk and leaves caused by late unbinding. Secondly, the grafting site should be 30 ~ 35 cm, not too high, the trunk should be thick and straight, the seedling height should be 50 ~ 60 cm, with 3 ~ 4 branches, strong growth, neat leaves and dark green. Third, the branches are thick and the roots are developed. (2) Seedlings leave the nursery. Firstly, a cylindrical seedling lifter is made, centering on the trunk of the seedling, the seedling lifter is inserted into the soil from both sides of the seedling, and the seedling lifter is struck with a sledgehammer until the seedling lifter is completely inserted into the soil, then the iron handle of the seedling lifter is grasped, the seedling lifter is pulled up together with the soil and the seedling, the excessively long main root is cut off, and the seedling lifter is opened to obtain litchi seedlings with cylindrical mud blocks; Then the whole mud block is wrapped with film for seedling control, and the film is tied tightly with fiber tape, which can be supplied from the nursery. ③ Transportation and supply. When the first grafted seedling is slightly aged and mature, it can be planted out of the nursery. In the process of shipment, it should be placed neatly, and it can be placed in two layers. It should be transplanted and planted in less than three days on the same day, and the perennial seedling raising time is from June to 65438+ 10.

Management and protection of nursery land: in the construction and management of nursery land, people should be sent to guard the base. The management and protection personnel are not only responsible for guarding the property and saplings of the base, but also shouldering the daily management and agricultural operation of the nursery.