Also known as five-needle pine. Pinaceae, Pinaceae. Evergreen trees, 35 meters high. The crown is wide and conical, the branchlets are hairless, the young bark is gray-green, and the old bark is divided into squares and fixed on the tree. A bundle of 5 needles, 8 ~ 15 cm long, with soft leaves and fine serrated edges. Native to the mountainous areas of North China, Northwest China and Southwest China, there is pure forest at an altitude of1000 ~ 3000m, which is very common in Huashan, Shaanxi. I like light, but seedlings and young trees need some shade. With the increase of tree age, the requirement for light increases. Like warm, cool and humid climate, not resistant to high temperature and dryness. Can withstand the low temperature of -3 1℃. I like fertile, moist neutral or slightly acidic soil, but I can't stand salt and alkali. In dry and hot areas, I need enough water in the soil to grow well, and I have a strong resistance to sulfur dioxide. Pinus armandii is a famous bonsai tree species with tall and straight tree shape and beautiful posture. Ground plants grow rapidly, are tall and majestic, and are also excellent garden trees, which can be used as shade trees and landscape trees. They were introduced to France in 1895. Cultivar: Taiwan Province pine (var.mastersiana), which is similar to Pinus armandii, but the young bark is grayish brown and smooth, while the old bark is grayish black and cracked into irregular scales. In the north of the central part of Taiwan Province Province, mixed forests are formed in the acidic soil zone with mild and cool climate, high relative humidity, deep soil layer and good drainage. It is also a famous bonsai tree species.

2. Japanese five-needle pine

Evergreen trees, height 10 ~ 30m. The crown is conical, the bark is grayish black, and there are irregular scales peeling off. 1 year-old branchlets are yellow-brown and hairy, and winter buds are ovoid. A bunch of five needles, short leaves, generally 3.5 ~ 5.5 cm, is widely introduced and cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and Qingdao area. Temperate tree species, like to live in dry places on the mountainside, are resistant to shade, moisture and heat. After being introduced into China, its characters and adaptability have also changed due to long-term grafting, especially its high growth has been restricted, and a small shrub-like tree has been formed. The requirements for soil are not strict, and it can be adapted to all but alkaline soil, and slightly acidic yellow soil is the most suitable. Japanese five-needle pine is a precious tree species in the garden, with lush foliage and picturesque coverage, which combines the spirit, bone, color and spirit of pine species. It is best to take rocks as the scenery, or peony and azalea as the scenery, or plum as the companion and red maple as the companion. The main entrance of the building and the front of the memorial building are vigorous, simple and interesting. After artistic processing and cliff exploration, the stone peak is quite beautiful and is a treasure in the stump bonsai. Cultivars: ① Pinus brevifolia, the leaf length is only 1/2 of Pinus pentaphylla. ② var.variegata with yellow leaves or yellow spots. (3) a coiled variety with spirally curved leaves. ④ White-flowered variety with yellow-white tip.

3.juniper

Berk, juniper. Evergreen trees, trees up to12m. The crown is narrowly conical, the branchlets are drooping, and the bark is grayish brown. All leaves have thorns, 2 ~ 3 cm long. Taiwan Province, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet. I like light and cold. Juniper with drooping twigs and beautiful figure is an excellent tree species in bonsai and often used as a landscape tree for garden cultivation.

4. Luo

Podocarpaceae, Podocarpus. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. Bark is grayish brown or gray, with shallow longitudinal cracks and peeling. Branches are flat, leaves are strip-lanceolate, 7 ~12cm long and 7 ~10mm wide, with sharp apex and wedge-shaped base. From the south of the Yangtze River basin to Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou, the altitude is below 1000 meters. It is also distributed in Japan. It is a semi-shade-tolerant tree and likes to live in warm and humid places. Like well-drained and moist sandy loam, it can also grow well by the sea. Cold tolerance is strong, but it can only be potted in North China. It is a famous traditional bonsai tree species, and its ground planting is mostly used as a landscape tree. Strong insect resistance, but leaf spot. Varieties are: ① var.maki, small tree or shrub, with upward branches, short and dense leaves, 2.5 cm long, 3 ~ 7 mm wide, and obtuse apex. Native to Japan, it is cultivated from the south of the Yangtze River basin to South China and Southwest China. ② Small leaf black tea, with extremely short leaves, is cultivated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. (3) Narrow-leaf variety, shrub or small tree, with leaves 5-9 cm long and 3-6 mm wide, with tapering or long and sharp tips. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangxi and other provinces, it is cultivated in the Yangtze River basin and the south. ④ Podocarpus, shrubs or small trees. The crown is cylindrical, with small leaves, oblong oblanceolate, length1.5 ~ 3.5cm, width1~ 4mm, blunt or round top and wedge-shaped base. Produced in southern Zhejiang, it is cultivated as a landscape tree. Podocarpus has a beautiful tree shape and fragrant green leaves. Under the green seed, there is a red container 10 times larger than it, like many arhats in red cassock who are meditating. The trees are dotted with purple, which is quite interesting. It is an excellent traditional bonsai tree species and an elegant landscape tree species with diverse configurations. Luohansong undertakes pruning and coastal environment. Therefore, it is especially suitable for coastal beautification and wind protection. The short-leaved Podocarpus, with small leaves and dense branches, is quite beautiful for ordinary hedges. It is reported that deer doesn't eat its leaves, so it can also be used to green the zoo. Dwarf and variegated varieties are more suitable for potted plants and bonsai trees.

5. Taxus microcarpa

Taxaceae, Taxus. The plant height of Taxus cuspidata cultivars is lower than 15cm. Produced in Changbai Mountain area south of Heilongjiang and Songhua River basins, it has strong shade tolerance and cold resistance. Suitable for growing in fertile and well-drained brown forest soil. Primitive forests are naturally regenerated and have a long life. There are thousands of ancient trees abroad. Lush foliage, not easy to wither, slow growth, is an excellent material for ground cover plants and bonsai in rock areas. After pruning, it can keep a certain shape for a long time, which is suitable for shaping and pruning geometric shapes. Another cultivated species of the same species, Taxus mairei (variety. Nana is also an excellent bonsai tree species.

6.elm tree

Ulm, Ulm. Deciduous or semi-evergreen trees, trees up to 25 meters high. Bark is gray, reddish brown or yellowish brown, smooth and flaky when it is old. Branchlets are grayish brown. The leaves are leathery, thick, narrow oval, wedge-shaped at the base, asymmetrical and single-serrated. Flowering in autumn, clustered axillary leaves, flowering in August-September. Produced in the south of the Yangtze River basin, east to Taiwan Province Province and south to Guangdong. Like light, slightly tolerant to shade, like warm and humid climate, neutral to slightly acidic soil and limestone mountains, the south grows better. Deep roots, strong germination, anti-smoking and strong antagonism. The elm crown is oval, the branches are dry and the bark is mottled, which is suitable for making pile scenes. Ground planting is a famous street tree species.

7. Boxwood seeds

Barkis. Barkis. Small evergreen tree, usually shrubby, 7 meters high. Bark grayish brown, shallowly longitudinally dehiscent, and branchlets have 4 edges. Produced in North China, East China and Central China. Shallow roots, shade tolerance, like to grow in limestone mountains and streams, grow slowly, and grow well in deep and fertile neutral soil. Pruning resistance, strong resistance to various toxic gases, and can purify the air. Boxwood branches are flexible, leaves are thick and bright, green and lovely, and bonsai trees have excellent modeling effect. Hedge planting is usually used as a background fence or boundary fence for flower diameter. Small trees can be used as landscape trees, especially with rocks.

8. Castanea henryi

Aceraceae, Aceraceae. Deciduous trees, trees up to 10 m. The bark is smooth, the branches are bluish gray, and the branchlets are often brownish red. Simple leaves alternate, palmately 7-lobed, or occasionally 5-9-lobed, almost equal in length and width; The base is heart-shaped or truncated, and the edge has irregular sharp teeth. Autumn leaves are like brocade, which is very beautiful. It is produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces, and distributed on the forest edge at an altitude of 200 ~ 1200m. I like light, warm and humid climate, and I like deep, fertile and humid acid soil or neutral soil. The color and shape of leaves are very beautiful and eye-catching, and the application of bonsai trees has unique charm. In corners, Chi Pan, streams, rockeries and other places, the landscape effect is excellent. It is an excellent landscape tree species widely used. ① Main varieties: Acer truncatum, with small leaves, about 4 cm in diameter, 7-lobed base, narrow lobes, sharp serrated edges and short fruit wings. (2) Red maple (var.atropurpureum), with 7-9 leaves, deeply divided and purplish red all year round, has high ornamental value. (3) Pteris tenuifolia, also known as Pteris tenuifolia, has thin and narrow leaves like feathers, and the leaves are strange and beautiful.

9. Six people are in the snow

Rubiaceae, six species of Snow. Evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub with many branches. The shoots are slightly hairy, the leaves are opposite or clustered, and they are oblong. Flowers are solitary or clustered, white or pink-purple, with single and double petals, and the double petals are very white; The corolla is funnel-shaped, the corolla tube is about twice as large as the calyx, and the flowering period is from June to July. Produced in southeastern and central provinces of China. Like humidity, mostly in forests, bushes and streams. I like the warm climate, but I can't stand the cold. The requirements for soil are not strict, but fertilizer is better and weak fertilizer is suitable. This kind of tree is slender, rich in branches and leaves, with small white flowers in summer, abnormal density, exquisite and elegant, and is an excellent tree species for making stump bonsai. It can also be used as a border fence or a flower fence.

10. Begonia flower

Rosaceae, Malus. Small deciduous trees, up to 8 meters high. Branchlets are reddish brown, sparsely pilose when young, and old branches are purple brown. The leaves are elliptic to oblong, the base is broadly cuneate to round, and the edge is nearly serrated. An umbel with 4-6 flowers, the bud is very red, and it is pale pink after opening, single or double. The fruit is nearly spherical, yellow, with no depression at the base and bitter taste. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruit ripens in September. Originated in China, it is a famous traditional bonsai tree species, especially in North China and East China. Light-loving, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, water-resistant and wet-resistant, it grows well in arid areas in the north and is also a famous landscape tree species. Common cultivated varieties: ① River fresh with broad leaves and big leaves; A large pink double flower is a common ornamental plant in Beijing gardens. ② Double Bai Haitang with white flowers, double. Spring flowers and autumn fruits, beautiful and lovely, are the best in bonsai trees. As a landscape tree, it should be planted in doorways, dotted with pavilions, grass and forest edges. Same species: ① The deciduous tree M.micromalus is a hybrid of M.baccata and Begonia, with hard leaves, shiny surface, red fruit, sunken calyx and stem, and sweet and sour leaves. Wide cultivation adaptability. (2) Melaleuca Pagoda, small trees, canopy evacuation and branch development. The leaves are ovate, and the petiole and midvein are often purplish red. The flowers are bright rose red, and the pedicels are thin and drooping, purple. The fruit is purple. Produced in East China and Southwest China, it is not cold-resistant. The varieties are parkman variety and sponge variety.

1 1. pomegranate

Pomegranate. pomegranate. Deciduous shrubs or small trees, 5 ~ 7 meters high, often with irregular crown. Branchlets are angular and usually have thorns at the ends. Leaves obovate and oblong, shiny, opposite on long branches and clustered on short branches. Flowers vermilion, calyx bell-shaped, purplish red, thick. Berry is subglobose, copper yellow or copper red, with persistent calyx. The flowering period is May-June (July) and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. Originated in Iranian, Afghan and other Central Asian regions, it was introduced to China in Han Dynasty and cultivated in the Yellow River basin and its south area. Like light, like warm climate, and have a certain degree of cold tolerance. I like fertile, moist and well-drained calcareous soil, which has certain drought resistance and barren resistance. Strong germination ability and easy branching. Strong resistance to toxic gases. Pomegranate is a famous bonsai tree species with beautiful flowers and fruits. As a landscape tree, it is suitable to be placed in front of steps, courtyards, walls, doors and windows, pavilions, hillsides and waters, with rich seasons and bright landscape. The main varieties are: ① white pomegranate with single petal and white flowers. ② Yellow pomegranate. (3) Agate pomegranate (var.legrellei) with red flowers, yellow and white stripes and double petals. ④ Double pomegranate with white flowers. ⑤ Double pomegranate, red flower, double pomegranate. ⑥ It is also called "Four Seasons Pomegranate" because of its short plants, thin branches, small leaves, double petals or single petals and long flowering period.

12. Persimmon

Persimmon family, persimmon genus. Deciduous shrub, the tree is 2 ~ 3 meters high. The bark is brown and prickly, and the young branches are hairy. Leaves papery, ovoid rhombic to rhombic obovate. Flowers solitary leaf axils, white; Calyx 4-lobed and lobes oblong. Fruit ovoid, about 2 cm in diameter, villous and pointed at the top. Persistent sepals orange, oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate. The flowering period is April, and the fruiting period is 65438+ 10. Produced in Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Hi-light, cold-resistant; Not strict with soil, drought-resistant and barren. Developed root system, strong tiller germination and easy molding. Persimmons with staggered branches and full branches are the best ornamental fruits in autumn and winter. The application of bonsai trees is full of wild interest. Landscape trees are planted in the corner of the garden, the steps in front of the pavilion, the rock slope and the edge of the tree. They are decorated on the edge of the path, the end of the curved bridge, the edge of the stream and the stone inlay beside the pool, which is particularly distinctive. Homologous species: ① Paeonia suffruticosa, semi-evergreen shrub, with erect branches, leathery leaves, long and narrow, dark green, and wide persistent sepals. (2) D.armata, a semi-evergreen or evergreen shrub, is 2 ~ 4m high. Leaves oblanceolate or rectangular, flowers white and fragrant. Fruit with persimmon, persistent sepals slightly wider. This species is shade-tolerant, can be planted under forests as ground cover trees, and is often used as bonsai trees.