1. Supply of measuring equipment

(1) long board: used to measure the length of each part of an adult. Its specifications and texture are the same as those for measuring the length of fish.

(2) Number plates (made of bamboo), notebooks, pencils, etc.

Step 2 Prepare for measurement

Rinse the animals that need to be specimens with clear water, and fasten the number label.

3. Measurement content

(1) Main measuring point in anurak.

The body length extends from the snout to the back of the body.

The length of the head is from the snout to the top and trailing edge of the mandibular joint.

Head width, the distance between the left and right joints.

The length of the kiss is from the end of the kiss to the front corner.

Forearms and hands are very long from the elbow joint to the end of the third finger.

The length of the hind limb is from the middle of the back end of the autologous body to the end of the fourth toe.

The length between the two ends of Gaskin.

The inner toe of the foot extends to the end of the fourth toe.

(2) The main measuring parts of tailed amphibians.

The body length is from the snout to the tail end, and the head length is from the snout to the neck fold.

The distance between the left and right neck folds (or the widest part of the head)

The length of the kiss is from the end of the kiss to the front corner of the eye.

The tail length is from the posterior edge of anal orifice to the tail end.

The widest part of the tail base.

record

Record according to the collection and data of amphibians.

Second, the production of specimens

Amphibians are mostly classified and retrieved according to their appearance and internal skeletal characteristics. Therefore, after collecting and measuring records, soaking specimens and bone specimens should be made. Taking frogs as an example, the process of specimen making is explained.

1. Preparation of soaking samples

(1) electrical appliances

A. Anatomy tray, specimen bottle and syringe: used for holding specimens and injecting fixative into the specimens.

B. Formalin solution: used for fixing and preserving specimens.

(2) manufacturing method steps. The preparation method of soaked specimens is relatively simple, and only two steps are needed: fixation and preservation.

First, fixed. Put the executed specimen on the dissecting disc, inject an appropriate amount of 5 ~ 10% formalin solution into the abdomen, and then put it in a specimen bottle containing 5 ~ 10% formalin for fixation. When fixing, the back of the specimen should face up, the limbs should be prone in life, and the fingers and toes should be stretched well. The fixed time takes about several hours to 1 day.

B, save. Soak the specimen in 5% formalin solution or 70% alcohol semen for preservation.

2. Preparation of bone specimens

(1) electrical appliances

Scalpel, scissors and tweezers: used to remove soft tissue.

B, glass sink, dissection tray: used to hold specimens in the production process.

C. cardboard, pins and glue: used to shape and fix specimens.

D, specimen bedplate: used for placing bone specimens, made of wooden boards.

E.0.5 ~ 0.8% sodium hydroxide solution: used to corrode the remaining muscles on the specimen.

F, gasoline: used to remove the fat on the specimen.

G, 3% hydrogen peroxide: used for bleaching specimens.

(2) manufacturing method steps. The method of making bone specimens is complicated, which requires soft tissue removal, corrosion, degreasing, bleaching, shaping, mounting and other steps.

A, remove soft tissue. Including peeling, eviscerating and muscle removal. Skinning should start from the abdomen, cut the abdominal skin with scissors and peel it to all parts of the body layer by layer. When peeling, be careful not to break the phalanges and phalanges. After peeling, gut and eyeball are dug out, and then meat is removed. When cutting meat, don't cut the ligaments connecting the skull, shoulder straps and limbs, but keep the joints connected with the ligaments. When the muscle is basically removed, lead wire with appropriate thickness is inserted into the cranial cavity between the cervical vertebra and occipital bone to destroy the brain tissue, and then the lead wire is inserted into the vertebra to extrude the spinal cord. Then rinse the sample with water.

B. corrosion. Soak the bone with soft tissue removed in 0.5 ~ 0.8% sodium hydroxide to corrode the remaining soft tissue. Take it out after about 1 ~ 3 days and rinse it with clean water. At this time, the soft tissue on the bone has been corroded clean.

C, degreasing. Use gasoline to remove grease that corrodes bones. The degreasing time is about 1 ~ 2 days.

D. bleaching. Soak the defatted bone in 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for bleaching. Bleaching takes about 1 ~ 4 days. During bleaching, it needs to be checked frequently. As long as the specimen is white, it should be taken out in time.

E. plastic surgery. Put the bleached bone flat on a wooden board or a foamed plastic board, arrange the body and limbs in a natural posture, and fix it on the board with clips and pins to prevent the specimen from deforming during drying. Under the mandible and thoracic vertebrae, paper balls should be padded to make them look up in life. It is also necessary to stick two upper scapulas on both sides of the transverse process of the second and third cervical vertebrae respectively, and stick them with glue after the bones are dry, so that all the bones can be connected into a whole.

F, mounting. Put the reshaped bones on the specimen bedplate, stick the wrist bones of the forelimb and metatarsal bones of the hind limb on the specimen bedplate with glue, and attach labels, indicating the number, name, collection time, collection place, collector and producer, and then save them for later use.