Buxus Phnom Penh is one of the varieties of Buxus macrophylla, belonging to Euonymus of Euonymaceae. For evergreen shrubs or small trees, the branchlets are slightly quadrangular, with dense branches and spherical crowns. The single leaf is opposite, obovate or elliptic, with blunt teeth at the edge and dark green luster on the surface. Cymes are axillary, with long stems and green and white flowers. Capsule spherical, reddish, aril orange.
morphological character
Boxwood in Phnom Penh is an evergreen shrub or small tree, which is old, dry and brown with slight longitudinal stripes. The branchlets are slightly quadrangular, with dense branches and opposite lateral branches, smooth and hairless. The crown is spherical. The single leaf is opposite, obovate or elliptic, 3-6 cm long, thick leathery, with blunt teeth at the edge, obvious pinnate veins and dark green shiny surface. Small cymes are born in axillary branches, with long stalks and green and white flowers. The capsule is spherical and contains red seeds. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. The leaves are light green and clean, with yellow and white stripes, beautiful and elegant. It is an ideal material for hedges and bonsai, suitable for arranging doorways and central flower beds, and can also be potted for viewing. When cultivated artificially, the plant height is usually controlled around1m. The aril is orange red.
Growth habit
Like light, a little tolerant of shadows. Strong adaptability and drought tolerance. Like warmth and cold resistance. Strong germination, strong branching ability and pruning resistance. It is barren-tolerant, but suitable for growing in fertile, moist and slightly acidic soil.
Variety classification
Common varieties are: boxwood in Phnom Penh, with golden leaves. Euonymus japonicus leaves have golden spots in the center, which are all important foliage trees.
geographical distribution
North subtropical deciduous, evergreen and broad-leaved mixed forest areas (major cities: Nanjing, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hefei, Wuhu, Anqing, Huainan, Xiangyang and Shiyan)
Central subtropical evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest area (major cities: Wuhan, Shashi, Huangshi, Yichang, Nanchang, Jingdezhen, Jiujiang, Ji 'an, Jinggangshan, Ganzhou, Shanghai, Changsha, Zhuzhou, Yueyang, Huaihua, Jishou, Changde, Xiangtan, Hengyang, Shaoyang, Guilin, Wenzhou, Jinhua, Ningbo, Chongqing, Chengdu, Dujiangyan, etc.
Landscape application
The application of color is indispensable in garden construction. In garden construction, red, yellow and green shrubs are often used to form color blocks to enrich the color composition of gardens. Because there are few red and yellow plants, at present, the red shrubs mostly use five-pointed maple, and the yellow shrubs mostly use Ligustrum lucidum with golden leaves. There are many kinds of green shrubs, such as Buxus macrophylla and tortoise shell of Ilex.
Ligustrum lucidum, commonly used in small yellow shrubs, has obvious shortcomings: Ligustrum lucidum is a deciduous shrub of Ligustrum lucidum in Oleaceae, which likes light and is slightly tolerant to shade, drought, cold and barren. Ligustrum lucidum can show a good golden color in positive environment, but it does not grow well in negative environment and does not show yellow. At this time, it is no different from green plants and cannot meet the needs of color composition. In addition, Ligustrum lucidum leaves in autumn and winter, and when it leaves, it is brown, and the color is very uncoordinated. We found that boxwood in Phnom Penh can make up for the deficiency of Ligustrum lucidum in some ways. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is an evergreen shrub, which is resistant to shade, drought and cold. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is yellow all year round in the garden color block, and does not shed leaves even under unfavorable conditions. The living environment and site conditions of garden plants are very complicated, so objectively, the more varieties of plants are required, the better. Boxwood has adapted to this need, which is of positive significance to the diversification of yellow plant varieties in garden color blocks. It has irreplaceable advantages of Ligustrum lucidum in shade, drought and cold conditions, and can learn from other small yellow shrubs to meet the needs of color blocks in garden construction. Boxwood in Phnom Penh is a foliage plant with bright leaves and bright green leaves, which is extremely resistant to pruning. It is a common hedge tree species in the courtyard, which can be planted as a doorway or as a flower bed center, and its mottled leaves are particularly beautiful.
cutting
1. Spread a sand bed with good water permeability and disinfect the sand bed with potassium permanganate or carbendazim two days in advance.
2. Prepare alcohol and plant rooting powder, and prepare the solution according to the instructions.
3. Don't choose too tender branches when cutting. Those with high lignification are easy to take root and sprout.
4. When pruning, leave the trunk and cut off the side branches. After pruning, leave at least one bud "root" to facilitate the next pruning.
5. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the cuttings and leave 3-4 leaves on the upper part. After the cuttings are repaired, they are soaked in rooting water.
6. Make a ditch on the sand bed with a spatula, put the cuttings into 5- 10 cm, and cover the soil for compaction. Row spacing is 10 to 20cm.
7. Keep proper temperature and humidity during cutting, and water according to the temperature and humidity to keep the leaves moist. Don't over-water, prolong rooting time, and reduce watering appropriately after seedlings take root.
8. Generally, it will take root about 30 days after cutting, and it can also be packaged in time. Potted nutrient soil can use sand, soil and peat soil, each accounting for one third, which is convenient for ventilation and will not fill the pot too full.
control of insect
1, boxwood.
Larvae spin silk to connect the surrounding leaves and twigs as a temporary nest, and then feed in it. In severe cases, the leaves are eaten up, leading to the death of seedlings.
The morphological characteristics are that the wings of the insect are gray-white, and there are purple-brown wide bands on the leading edge, outer edge and trailing edge of the front wing. There are two white spots on the purple-brown stripes on the front edge, and the scales are shiny and purple. Larvae head is black, trunk is yellow-green, dorsal line, sub-dorsal line and upper petal line are dark green to dark green, and petal line is orange.
The occurrence law is that it occurs 2-3 generations a year in the northern region. Larvae overwinters with thin cocoons in bracts, while adults lie in the daytime and come out at night, which has phototaxis.
Prevention and cure method
(1) Artificial killing: during the spawning period of adults, combined with seedling pruning, egg pieces and insect bracts are removed and centralized burning is carried out.
② Trapping and killing with black light in adult stage.
③ When the larvae are seriously damaged, 50% cartap emulsion 1000 times can be sprayed. Or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times solution. 500-fold solution spraying of Bt emulsion (note: it is forbidden to use Bt emulsion and bactericide at the same time, and the spraying effect is better after 4 pm on cloudy days).
2. Buxus macrophylla
Larvae eat leaves, and after eating all the leaves, they eat the cortex of branchlets, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Overwintering with pupae, adults have weak flight ability and strong phototaxis.
Morphological characteristics of adults, female adults have silvery white wings, light gray stripes, different sizes and irregular arrangement. There are continuous light gray stripes on the outer edge of the front wing, and the middle line is not in a line. There is a big spot at the end of the medial chamber and a dark yellow, brown and gray spot on the wing base. The abdomen is golden yellow, and the stripes are composed of 9 rows of black spots. The male moth has seven lines of stripes on her abdomen. The larvae are all black, with yellow backboard on the chest, five nearly square black spots, and yellow petal line and belly line width.
Prevention and cure method
① Using the phototaxis of adults, light trapping was carried out in the adult stage.
② Spraying 50% acetaminophen EC 500 times or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times during the larval damage period.
(3) destroy the egg mass during spawning. Turn over the roots in winter to kill the overwintering pupae.
3. Japanese tortoise wax agent
One generation occurs every year, and the fertilized female adult overwinters on the branches.
Morphological characteristics: female adult, wax shell gray or slightly fleshy red, oval. Male adult, dark brown or brown, deep head, chest backboard. If it is a nymph, the wax shell is oval to oval, and the back is slightly raised.
Prevention and cure method
① Prevention and quarantine measures: When buying seedlings in different places, plant quarantine procedures must be strictly implemented to prevent artificial spread of pests.
(2) Strengthen garden conservation management: through conservation management, create environmental conditions that are not suitable for the survival of scale insects. Implement rotation planting, clear the garden in time, focus on burning fallen leaves, weeds, pests and branches, reduce the population base of overwintering pests, rationally fertilize, and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Reasonable pruning can make it ventilated, change the living environment of ostracods, weaken its fecundity and reduce its harm.
③ Chemical control: When the population density is not high, a small amount of dichlorvos and water (1:50 ~ 100 times) can be dipped with a soft brush to kill it. Spray washing powder and diesel emulsion at the peak of nymph. 150 ~ 200 times neem oil emulsion. 1% oxymatrine 1000 to 2000 times solution. 2000-2500 times of vigorous killing, spraying once every 10 days or so, spraying three times in a row.
④ Protect natural enemies such as parasitic bees.
4. Myzus persicae
Wingless viviparous female aphids and nymph aphids gather on branches and young leaves to suck juice, and there are often white waxy secretions on the injured leaves, which are easy to cause sooty blotch, and in severe cases, the branches and leaves turn black, which affects plant growth and ornamental value. There are about 10 generations a year in Tangshan area.
Control methods protect natural enemies such as ladybug and dacaoling.
Pesticide control can be sprayed with 20% Juma EC 2000 times or imidacloprid powder 2000-3000 times.
5. Powdery mildew
The leaves of Euonymus japonicus were damaged, and the leaves of the damaged plants were shriveled and deformed, which affected the growth. Powdery mildew is mostly distributed in the front of Euonymus japonicus leaves, and rarely grows on the back of leaves. The single lesion is round, and the white lesion is irregular after expansion and healing.
Prevention and cure method
① Proper pruning to enhance permeability.
② Spraying 25% triadimefon 1300 times solution, 70% thiophanate-methyl 700 times solution and 50% wettable powder 800 times solution alternately at the initial stage of the disease. If the disease is serious, it must be pruned, the diseased leaves cut off and burned, and then sprayed with chemicals to prevent it.
6. Buxus macrophylla leaf spot
When the damage is serious, boxwood leaves early, forming bald branches, affecting viewing and even causing death. The disease occurs on new leaves, producing small yellow spots and expanding into large irregular spots with protruding edges and wider brown edges. There is an extended yellow halo outside the edge of the uplift, and the center is yellowish brown or grayish brown with black spots on it.
Prevention and cure method
① Choose healthy and disease-free seedlings for planting.
② From early June to July, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution and 50% wettable powder 800 ~ 1000 times solution 1 time every1005 days to prevent and reduce the incidence.
(3) Remove the fallen leaves in winter and burn them centrally.
7, Euonymus japonicus stem rot
Stem rot is a major disease of Euonymus japonicus, which can lead to the death of the whole plant in severe cases. The biennial branches suffered the most. At the initial stage, the stems turn brown, the leaves turn green, the tender shoots droop and the leaves do not fall off. At the later stage, the damaged part of the stem turned black, the cortex shrank, the endothelial tissue rotted, and many tiny black sclerotia were produced. With the increase of temperature, the damaged parts developed rapidly, and the bacteria invaded the xylem, resulting in the death of the whole plant.
The pathogen causing stem rot in big-leaf yellow field is a kind of semi-unknown bacteria, which usually lives in soil. With the increase of temperature, the soil temperature also increases, and germs invade the stems of seedlings. Especially in high temperature and low-lying areas, the disease is more common.
Prevention and cure method
① Strengthen the maintenance and management of seedlings and improve their disease resistance.
② Using fully decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer can reduce the incidence of seedlings.
(3) In summer, shade shed should be used to cool the seedlings, and large seedlings can be planted with ground cover plants or covered with grass, which will destroy the environmental conditions where germs occur.
④ Cut off diseased branches in time and burn them centrally.
⑤ When the number of diseased seedlings is small, 50 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 50 times of 25% dipyridamole EC can be applied to the stem with a brush at the early stage of the disease. When the number of diseased seedlings is large or at the peak of diseases, 800 ~ 1000 times of 25% dipyridamole EC or 500 ~ 600 times of 50% special powder for sterilization should be sprayed on the seedlings. Both methods can play a preventive and therapeutic role, once every 7 days for 3 ~ 4 times in a row.