Huangshihai cherry orchard is located in the east of Huang Wu Village 1 km of Huang Wu Office, Zhifu District, Yantai City, on the hillside on the north side of Gangcheng East Street, in the yellow mud field. In the spring of 2000, the seedlings of Isatis indigotica were planted with grafting pioneer and Meizao as main varieties and cotinus coggygria as pollination varieties at a row spacing of 3 m× 4 m. The seedlings of Isatis indigotica were planted in high density between rows and grafted. The yield per plant was1.5 ~ 2kg in 2003 and1.3kg in 2004. Four-and-a-half-year-old or four-year-old trees generate 27 15 kg per 667 meters.
(1) Basic Orchard Management
In 2000, due to the need for frequent fertilization and watering, the grafted seedlings planted in this bank grew rapidly. In June of that year, about 55 cm was reserved for seedlings, and young trees with branches were cultivated in that year. In the spring of the following year, leave a short cut of about 70 cm to the extension head of the center, leave a short cut of 2 ~ 3 buds to the strong branches with competitive central branches, and leave the branches with weak growth potential uncut. After the central extension branch is cut short, the bud is carved with a small saw blade at intervals from bottom to top before germination, so as to promote the middle and upper branches to be multi-branched, and cultivate the fruiting mother branch. In the spring of 2002, the central extension branch kept short hair at 70 ~ 80 cm. The branches issued the year before were leveled and thrown away. Where there are missing branches on the central trunk, push the branches deep with a small hacksaw. In June, the competitive branches of the central branch were flattened to prevent competition with the extended branches. In the spring of 2003, the center continued to cut short, carve buds to promote germination and control competitive branches. In autumn and winter of 2003, the height of the tree was 2.5 ~ 3 meters, and it was basically cultivated into a spindle shape.
(2) Fertilizer and water management
Before spring germination, the plants were applied with compound fertilizer 1 kg,1September-June, and the plants were applied with human excrement and urine load (about 25 kg). Water before flowering 1 time, and then water before hard core. In other periods, when it is too dry, water it properly.
(3) Pest control
Spraying 1 80% Sheng Da 800 times solution +30% Taoxiaoling 1500 times solution after flowering to control leaf diseases, stinkbug, bedbugs and Toona sinensis.
After picking the fruit, spray Bordeaux solution for 3 times to sterilize and protect the leaves.
Yellow cherry orchard is also located on the hillside of 1kg to the east of the village and south of Gangcheng East Street, with light loam and good soil quality. Before planting seedlings, 3000 kg of decomposed chicken manure was applied every 667㎡, and the whole garden became 60 cm deep. In the spring of 200 1 year, the seedlings of the current year (summer seedlings) were planted, Robin was used as pollination tree, the row spacing was 3 m× 4 m, and the stem was fixed about 50 cm.
(4) Cultivation management
After the seedlings are planted, field management should be strengthened. Fertilization can be carried out by stages in June to promote its vigorous growth. In the later stage, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to prevent the branches from weakening and drying up in winter. In the growing season, if the branches above the plastic belt are found to be too strong, they can be controlled by gently pinching to prevent the branches below from being crushed to death. In addition, summer pruning is not carried out to promote the rapid growth of young trees.
In the spring of the following year, the center extension head was cut off to be 80 cm short, and 2 ~ 4 buds were cut off from other branches to prevent back buds from being left at the cut. The shortened central extension head sprouts from bottom to top as required, and hormone is applied at the same time. In summer, the new shoots extending from the center can be cut in summer to promote them to grow several main branches.
In the spring of the third year, the extension head of the center leaves a short section of about 80 cm, and the remaining branches sprout according to the number of branches. Leveling the remaining branches. For delicate branches, you can flatten them first (open the bottom corner) and loosen them in a few days to promote their growth and reduce the gap with other branches.
In the autumn and winter of the third year, the fusiform tree skeleton was basically formed, with 25-30 main branches (fruiting mother branches) and a height of 2.5-3.0 meters. Because the next spring, the grass-roots branches left 2 ~ 4 buds, and each branch axis formed 1 ~ 3 fruiting mother branches. The fruiting mother branch in the middle and upper part of the tree is directly located on the central main trunk.
Starting from the second year, three ropes should be used to cut and fix the tree to prevent the young trees from being blown down in rainy days. Once lodging happens, it will directly affect the formation of trees and the cleanliness of gardens. The second is flood prevention. After planting seedlings, while strengthening field management, pay attention to prevent water accumulation in summer and avoid waterlogging.
By strengthening field management, the fruit of the tree is small in the fourth year. Experts predict that in the fifth year, if there are no accidents, you can bear fruit 1500 kg per 667 m2.
(5) Evaluation
Cherry orchard, the second brother of Huang Family, was able to achieve early high yield because of strengthening the management of fertilizer and water in underground soil, and actively exploring the spindle-shaped early maturity and early harvest shaping and pruning technology of big cherry. According to the growth characteristics of big cherry tree, the spindle-shaped main branches of apple were changed into about 25 spindle-shaped main branches of big cherry. Its free spindle plastic surgery is different from others. Other people's plastic way is to cut the branches of the same age at the lower part of the central extension branch very heavy and short every spring, and cultivate the fruiting branches one year later. However, Huang Erge's plastic way is to leave only 2-4 branches and buds of the same age in the second spring after the seedlings are planted. In other years, the branches of the same age in the central extension are no longer extremely heavy and short-cut, and only the strong branches of the same age in the central extension are pulled apart in summer to control the growth. This is bound to achieve early high yield, although the seedlings planted at first are very weak. Strengthening fertilizer and water management and promoting the rapid growth of new shoots after planting, especially in the first 1 ~ 2 years, is the basis of its early high yield.