Pruning method of lemon tree: Pruning of lemon tree mainly includes core removal, branch thinning, short cutting, retraction, bud wiping, tip twisting, main branch sawing, root cutting and other basic techniques.
1, coring: refers to removing the top part of new shoots that have not stopped growing during the growing season.
2. Thinning refers to cutting off a top or branch group or even a main branch from the base.
3. Short cutting: refers to the cutting method of cutting off a part of annual new branches or perennial branches.
4. Retraction: refers to cutting off the top of perennial branches.
5. Bud wiping method: It refers to the method of wiping off buds when new shoots germinate to 1 ~ 2 cm in summer and autumn.
6. kink: it refers to pinching some branches 3 ~ 5 cm away from the base by hand and twisting or twisting them downward greatly.
7. Saw the main branch: Saw off the base of the big branch that disturbs the tree with a pruning saw.
8. Root cutting: Dig the lower layer of the crown, and cut off some large roots and lateral roots with a thickness of 1 ~ 2 cm.
Pruning time of lemon trees: Pruning time of lemon trees varies. In the lemon producing areas of China, you can prune lemons all year round, but the emphasis and purpose of pruning are different. Pruning in winter and spring refers to pruning after the lemon fruit is picked and before the new shoots germinate in the next spring. In areas without freezing damage, pruning can be combined with orchard cleaning after harvest as soon as possible; In areas with freezing damage, pruning can be carried out after the temperature rises in spring and before the spring shoots germinate. Old trees, weak trees and trees that need to be updated and pruned to promote new shoots can also be shrunk and pruned in spring and summer.
Growth pruning refers to all kinds of pruning from the spring shoots of lemons to fruit picking. Also divided into summer pruning and flowering pruning. Pruning in summer is mainly based on bud smearing, core removal and short cutting, the main purpose of which is to control the growth potential of its branches and promote the growth and development of fruits. In flowering period, some leafless branches are mainly thinned to reduce the amount of flowers and nutrient consumption, so as to achieve the purpose of fruit preservation. Special attention should be paid to spraying fungicides on the cutting mouth after pruning in the growth period, otherwise it will easily lead to many diseases such as gummosis.
Precautions for pruning lemon trees: Pruning lemon trees should start with the shaping of young trees before fruiting. When the sapling grows to about 50 cm, the top is cut off and the stem is fixed, and three stout and evenly distributed main branches are cultivated under the cutting. Expand the crown as soon as possible to form a solid skeleton. There should be fewer main branches, more branches and longer distances, and the configuration of main branches and auxiliary branches should be reasonable. Secondly, after the rod is fixed, the top is removed every time it grows to 20 to 30 cm. Promote most dormant buds to be transformed into budding buds and germinate and grow. For summer and autumn shoots without extension branches, except the long branches that should be deleted, they are generally not pruned, so that they naturally branch and become fruiting branches. If the summer and autumn shoots are too long, only 8 ~ 10 leaves are left, which can increase branches, form a crown and bear fruit early.
The pruning sequence is generally: first cut the lower part, then cut the upper part, first cut the inner part, then cut the outer part, first cut the big branches, then cut the small branches. It is required that "the big branches are sparse and the small branches are noisy", the small space is not empty, the left and right sides are not crowded, the upper and lower branches are not stacked, the branches and leaves are lush, the ventilation is transparent, and the fruit area is increased.
Dead branches, pest branches, shade branches, cross branches and fruit stalks, dense branches inside and outside, weak branches bearing fruit and branches falling flowers and fruits are all objects to be cut off. Attention should be paid to controlling winter shoots, protecting spring shoots and retaining summer and autumn shoots; After pruning, the branches should be pulled according to the situation, the vertical growth should be controlled, the light transmittance of the inner cavity branches should be increased, and the fruits should be early. When pulling branches, different directions should be controlled according to the requirements of crown development.
Pruning must combine irrigation and fertilization. Generally, trees should be watered and fertilized in time after pruning to facilitate the normal growth of seedlings. If it is not pruned properly, it will often only blossom, not bear fruit or bear little fruit, or even not blossom. In order to make lemons blossom and bear fruit every year and yield high, pruning must be careful.
It should be noted that young trees should branch long. After the bamboo shoots come out every season, except for 8 ~ 10 leaves for the long bamboo shoots and the rest for coring, the young bamboo shoots should also be cored, and the length should be 20 ~ 25cm, so as to enrich the strong crown, branch early, branch more and expand the crown as soon as possible.
The wound caused by pruning is often the entrance of pests and diseases. When necessary, it should be sealed with "calluses anticorrosive film" in time to prevent dryness, pests and rain pollution.
The pruning of the first fruit tree is mainly based on light thinning and long planting. Pay attention to cultivate excellent fruiting branches and leave enough flowers every year to increase yield. With the increase of tree age and yield, the amount of pruning will increase year by year. Pruning in summer is mostly used for pruning. In combination with tree cultivation, secondary main branches and lateral branches should be continuously configured, and the extended branches should be shortened. After the pruning, the redundant branches should be deleted, so that the branches that disturb the tree can be stretched, twisted and thinned as much as possible. Cultivate and keep more weakly or moderately nutritious branches as fruiting mother branches in spring and autumn to ensure that there are enough flowers and fruits in the coming year, so that the tree nutrition center can turn to reproductive growth in time.
Pruning of fruit trees should be combined with budding in summer, coring in winter, and cutting and shrinking of vegetables, and the amount of pruning should be increased year by year to keep the growth balance of new shoots and fruits as much as possible to prevent fruit bearing in different years. Prune the bearing branches by rotating and compressing. If the shoots are long in spring and autumn, 8 ~ 10 leaves should be left as soon as possible for coring.
When the summer buds germinate, they are wiped and put out, and the buds without buds are repeatedly wiped. Until the middle and late July, a large number of short and strong autumn buds are drained. These autumn shoots will become excellent mother branches in the coming year after thinning out the tender branches that are too dense and inappropriate. For the auxiliary branches inside the crown, they will shrink and become thinner year by year after the fruit is produced.
After the drooping branches bear fruit, the drooping parts are easier to grow, and the drooping parts at the top can be retracted year by year to raise the position of the branches and continue to bear fruit. For large straight branches with more tips, we can deal with them according to the principle of strengthening trees and thinning them moderately, with strong branches sparse and weak branches short. Through pruning, the fruit trees are always in a balanced state of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and always maintain a certain high-yield tree shape, thus prolonging the economic life of trees. For the adult trees that were neglected in shaping and pruning in the early stage, or the upper part of the crown was strong and the lower part was weak, pruning methods such as thinning branches, sawing large branches, serious retraction, opening the skylight, cutting and riding branches should be taken as appropriate to reduce the crown, restore the tree potential as soon as possible, and form the yield.
Different pruning methods for different lemon trees: 1. Pruning of dense planting trees: Pruning should be light in the first few years of dense planting lemon trees, mainly by smearing summer branches to protect fruits, promoting autumn branches to be fruiting mother branches, and cutting off fruiting branches in time. For lemon trees of 7 or 8 years old and above, the pruning of weak branches and big branches should be intensified to delay the crown closure. At the closed intersection, the upper branches of dense trees (non-permanent trees) should be compressed to ensure the expansion of permanent trees. After thinning, permanent trees are pruned into stable trees.
2. Prune aging trees: The economic life of lemons is shorter than that of other citrus fruit trees. Generally, the output begins to decline after 20 years, and it begins to age after 30 years. Old trees should be updated and pruned in different degrees according to the weakness of spring shoots when they germinate. Especially weak lemon trees, should be cut short before flowering, remove buds, shrink in summer, and cooperate with fertilization in summer to promote the recovery of summer shoots. For older lemon trees, some branches decline, and some can bear fruit. The lateral branches and branchlets of13 can be pruned every year to promote the growth of new lateral branches and update the crown. During the rotation regeneration period, there is still a certain yield, and good results can be obtained after three years of rotation regeneration of the whole tree. Especially aging lemon trees should be eliminated. It is best to combine soil improvement and increase organic fertilizer in the regeneration and pruning of old trees, and cut off some thick roots of 1-2 cm to promote the development of new fine roots.