First of all, we must make clear what a national hero is ~ ~ ~ I think it is difficult to choose the greatest national hero, but if we say the greatest national hero, from the perspective of Han nationality and even China people, I think Ran Min is the best, and the answer is very long, but the main thing is to let the landlord know why Ran Min is the greatest among so many national heroes.

Mourn for the king Ran Min (? -352), the word is always increasing, and the fine print is full of thorns. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, he was born in Neihuang, Wei County (now northwest of Neihuang, Henan Province), Han nationality, also known as "Ran Min". Founder of Wei Ran, who reigned from 350 to 352. Be famous for being brave. In 350, he became emperor, with the title of Wei, which was called by history. Today, the most widely known is the order to slaughter the conference semifinals, that is, to kill Hu Ling ("six foreigners inside and outside, who dares to say that they will be beheaded with a staff"). In 352, Ran Min failed to break through, was held hostage by Prince Murong Yu, and was beheaded to death in the mountains. Later, he was posthumously named King Ai of Wu. The epitaph of Ran Min's descendants called Ran Min "Emperor Ping". Some scholars think that this may be the Wei Ran regime gave posthumous title to Ran Min.

The world only knows that Ran Min ordered Hu to be killed, but I don't know why he killed Hu. As the only tragic hero who actively protected the Han nationality in the northern part of the Central Plains from alien slaughter, he was called an iron hero because he dared to turn the Han nationality in China founded by the Yellow Emperor into the massacre and extinction in Wuhu.

Few historical figures are so controversial as Ran Min that mainstream textbooks have to ignore him because he is inconclusive. In that distorted era, his behavior can also be said to be distorted. Today, more than a thousand years later, how should we evaluate him?

At this point in history, we must know more about a magnificent figure who is almost unknown today: the God of War, the king of Ran Min, and the greatest national hero in the history of China.

At present, Ran Min Biography, written by Jing Tuo, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, first holds this view, saying that Ran Min "revived the ancient times and turned to Kun" (see Jiangsu, 112 (April 30th of Guangxu1), p. 89. According to Jin Dynasty's "Jin Jiang Tong Qian Rong Lun", before the Five Rebellions in China, the number of Hu people in the north moved to the Central Plains reached several million, exceeding the local Han population in many places.

During the China Chaos, a large number of Northwest Hu and Northern Xianbei moved into the Central Plains. Jin Ji and Jin Shu recorded that Yongjia was in chaos and there was no one in the Central Plains. In the Book of Jin (Volume 65) and Biography of Wang Dao compiled by the Tang Dynasty, it is said: "Luo Jing capsized, and the women in Zhongzhou avoided the chaos on the left side of the river." . In other words, more than half of the people moved south. Those who stay in the north have a tragic fate. Wherever the Xiongnu, Jie and other national armies went, the massacre plundered thousands of miles. (For example, the "Huang Hu" Schleswig mentioned in the remnants of Qiu slaughtered hundreds of thousands of people at a time, and there were also a large number of slaughter records in the history of the Jin Dynasty, and the slaughter was carried out in several states. ) Shi Hu, nephew of Schleswig-Holstein, was even more cruel. He is like a poisonous snake. There are only three things in his mind, one is lust, the other is killing, and the third is pleasure.

In addition, to understand the greatness of Ran Min, please allow me to introduce the background at that time:

Shi Hu sent 65,438+060,000 men and women to build the Great Wall in China, Lin Yuan and Ye Bei. When there is a rainstorm, the water rises and tens of thousands of people die; He has many palaces, but he is not satisfied. He was also driven away by Ding Han from more than 400,000 camps in Luoyang and Chang 'an Palace, resulting in the corpses of vilen. Repairing Lin Yuan Jia Bing, 500,000 artificial armor, 6.5438+0.7 million people built ships, and more than two thirds died; Bringing 50 thousand Han women into the harem, wantonly perverting, killing and insulting, and countless people died during the period because of the resistance of wives and concubines; From Chang 'an-to Luoyang-to Yecheng, Cheng Han's emissary saw someone hanging himself in a tree along the way, and the wall was hung with Han heads, and the bones were made into a "corpse view", which was a great shock to the world. The bodies of tens of thousands of rebel soldiers were abandoned in the wilderness to feed cattle; Bloody slaughter and cruel ethnic oppression, the population of Han nationality in the north has dropped sharply to 67 million, causing a thousand miles of bare sight; The population is greatly reduced, and the land is barren, accompanied by wild animals such as tigers and wolves breeding in groups. Shi Hu designated tens of thousands of square kilometers south of Handan (south of Linzhang) as its hunting grounds, setting a Guinness World Record for all mankind. It is stipulated that Han people are not allowed to throw stones at wild animals, otherwise it will be "committing the crime of wild animals" and will be sentenced to death. Countless people have been killed or eaten by wild animals, and the status of Han people is even worse than that of wild animals. Shi Hu, who lives in a magnificent palace, said with a smile, "My father and son are like this. What are we worried about if the sky doesn't fall? " ..... At that time, "the north was cool, the clothes moved south, and Hu Di was everywhere, and the children of the Han family wanted to be slaughtered." The rest of the Han people, in order to avoid being slaughtered, built castles to resist the conference semifinals. However, this does not mean that some people think that "dock castles are everywhere". At that time, there was only one fortress in the north, hundreds of miles away. According to the Book of Mingsha Stone Chambers unearthed in Mingsha Canal, "Yongjia was in chaos, and midsummer was deserted. Bobby's guard's income does not exceed forty. From four or five thousand to one thousand five hundred. " It can be inferred that there were only about 4 million Han people in the north at that time. After years of slaughter, Schleswig-Holstein is probably tired of killing. He listened to the adviser's suggestion, wanted to establish a "base area" to be an "emperor", changed his strategy, and began to have a policy of accepting surrendered Han people as slaves instead of committing massacres blindly. In the sixth year of Yongjia (AD 3 12), at the suggestion of Bin, Schleswig built its capital in Guo Xiang (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province). The agricultural economy in the Central Plains has recovered. After the death of General Zu, no one can effectively organize the northern castle to fight against the conference semifinals. Around 320 AD, a few generals guarding the Great Wall finally surrendered to Zhao Shi, and the Zhao Shi Dynasty completed its firm rule over the Central Plains and Guanzhong. By 349 AD, before Ran Min slaughtered Hu, the number of Hu people who moved to the Central Plains was as high as five or six million, which was quite amazing. They were Hu people who moved to the Central Plains for various reasons during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties and Zhao Shi. Some were forcibly moved in by the government at that time, some were actively moved in, and some were armed. During the reign of the Jin Dynasty, in the vast area of "the Yangtze River in the south, the Yangtze River in the north, Gansu in the west and the East China Sea in the east", various huti chiefs constantly occupied the mountain as the king and disturbed the place. However, most of them dare not openly oppose the rulers' rule, and the harm areas are only individual counties and counties, which do not pose a threat to the rulers' ruling group. Until the appearance of Xiongnu Liu Yuan, Sanji Xerox, Ajie, etc., Xiongnu and Jie merged, and the fighters of the Hu people swept the whole Yellow River basin, establishing the post-Zhao.

Now let's analyze the significance of Ran Min's killing Hu.

Around 350 AD, Ran Min wiped out hundreds of thousands of troops, overthrew the post-Zhao dynasty, and sent letters to all parts of the country, calling on the Han people to get up and kill the Hu people for revenge. There are records all over the country: this matter was written. At that time, the Han people in Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, northern Hubei and Shaanxi all started to fight, and the number of conference semifinals killed in Yedu alone was as high as 200,000 (even after Ma Qiu, who was far away in west Gansu, received Ran Min's Begging for Nonsense, he killed all his conference semifinals in response. Because there were too many conference semifinals in west Gansu, he could not keep them, so Ma Qiu led his men to cut off Guan Xiangdong and go through customs. Besides taking revenge on the invaders, Ran Min's greatest achievement was to expel millions of Humans from Middle-earth. "Jin Ji": "Since the last years of Keelung, people have scattered their positions to build private interests. Attack Hu Qiang, there will be no war without a month. More than one million people, such as Qing, Yong, You, Jingzhou, Qiang, Hu and Man, all returned to their native lands, criss-crossing roads, killing each other and starving to death. Nine times out of ten, they can achieve it. " In the later period of Shi Hu's rule, Ran Min helped the hungry. Ran Min overthrew the post-Zhao Dynasty and divided his forces to attack Mr. Hu. Millions of Hu people were expelled from the Central Plains and moved to Yecheng. Together with hundreds of thousands of Han people, nearly half of them returned to their hometowns in the turmoil, and most of them were hurt by Hu people. Millions of ethnic groups such as Bian, Qiang and others returned to their hometown in Longxi or Hetao, and nine Shi Hu even moved back to Central Asia. On the way back, Hu people of different nationalities attacked each other, plundered each other and even killed each other. Only two or three out of ten people can successfully return. Ran Min moved the Hu people back, which led to the death of more than one million Hu people in the Central Plains, accounting for 78% of the total, and killed one million Hu people in disguise. Sixteen countries later established in the history of China, except Xianbei, were all established by ethnic tribes who successfully returned to the Central Plains and regained control. But at this time, the number of Hu people was greatly reduced, and the folk Han people resumed growth. Seeing the horror of the bloody revenge of the Han people, the Hu people had to seek cooperation from the Han people. Han people engaged in farming, and Hu people were exiled to fight. That's when harmony began. Casual ethnic minorities in China, regardless of gender, age and nationality, often fight. Of course, all the elite fighters in the future will be men. In the frequent wars in the Sixteen Countries and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a large number of Hu ethnic groups died in battle, and Hu ethnic groups also became extinct. The Han people engaged in farming continued to grow, and the war between the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties in the Northern Dynasties dried up the population of Hu people. However, the big landlords of the Han nationality in the two countries became stronger, and in order to supplement the shortage of troops, they had to start using a large number of Han troops. The Han army in Xiliang area was used in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It was during this period that Xianbei landlords married the princess to these Han landlords in order to win them over, and the use of the Han army created external conditions for the later destruction of Hu by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty and the establishment of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Under the rule of Xianbei, the Jie people made a living by fighting. During the civil war in Xianbei, chieftain Jie rebelled, and Erzhujie, who had been suppressed for a long time, slaughtered Xianbei people crazily and almost eliminated Xianbei. Under the attack of Xianbei's revenge, the Jie people headed by Hou Jing ran to the ruling area of Nanliang, and the Liang government accepted them and accepted them as mercenaries. Ungrateful Hou Jing killed Liang Wudi and carried out a bloody genocide against the people in the south of the Yangtze River, turning the south of the Yangtze River with a large population and fertile soil into a barren land with bare bones and overgrown weeds (Doi Kangcheng alone killed 40,000 people in the city), which is known as the Hou Jing Rebellion. Later, Wang Sengbian, the general of Nanliang, called Chen Baxian, Du Kan, Wei Zai and others to lead an army to crusade, and it took a lot of money to destroy this Han nationality, and this race really disappeared from the earth. Wang Sengbian and others added many people originally from Guangdong, Guangxi and Guangdong mountainous areas to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to enrich the local population. Chen Baxian established the Chen Dynasty and took many measures to restore economic and population growth. Although it has been many years since the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, the population in the south has never recovered to the size before the Hou Jing Rebellion. Thus, thousands of Jie soldiers in Hou Jing alone can kill all the people in the south of the Yangtze River, not to mention the millions of conference semifinals as a result. If they are not expelled from the Central Plains, they will inevitably ask the Han people for living space after multiplying tens of millions in the Central Plains! Ran Min drove the conference semifinals out of the Central Plains, creating a space for the development of the Han people. Ran Min's magic weapon made the Hu people dare not despise the Han people's force any more, and curbed their wanton looting. Ran Min, worthy of being my hero, has a bright future! ! ! After Ran Min came to power. I don't want to fall out with the tiger. Once announced: "If you are in harmony with the official, you will stay, but if you are not, you will leave." Overnight, hundreds of Han people all around rushed into the city, and the conference semifinals all left. On the other side of the city gate, a large number of Han Chinese poured into the city and went to Ran Min. On the one hand, a large number of conference semifinals have left the city.

"History as a Mirror": "Wang Jian, a civilian envoy, and Shang Shu ... ordered the city to say,' Recently, Sun and Liu rebelled and supported the party and were punished, which has nothing to do with goodness. After today, those who are unified with the government will stay, and those who are not unified will be ignored. The gate is no longer forbidden. "So Zhao informed thyme into the city. Hu and Jie come to fill the door. Min knew that Hu was useless, and the internal and external classes ordered:' Zhao people cut a Hu and sent it to Fengyang Gate, and the civil servants were promoted to the third class, and the military officers learned to worship the front teeth.' Tens of thousands of people were beheaded in one day. "In 304 AD, it was the rebellion of the Eight Kings. You Zhou secretariat Wang Jun introduced Duan Xianbei to deal with Chengdu Wang Sima Ying. Xianbei took the opportunity to plunder the Central Plains, robbed countless wealth and robbed tens of thousands of Han girls. On the way back to the division, they raped them wantonly, and at the same time treated these Han girls as rations and slaughtered them for cooking. When I arrived in Yishui, Hebei, I only ate 8,000 girls. After Wang Jun knew it, he asked Xianbei to leave the eight thousand girls. Xianbei couldn't eat for a while, but he didn't want to let go. So all eight thousand girls drowned in Yishui. Easy water cuts off. The founding emperor (Jie nationality) of the post-Zhao Dynasty publicly declared that the Hu people were not punished for looting Han Chinese scholars, and the Hu people could ask ordinary Han Chinese for anything if necessary. At the same time, it is taboo for Han people to call nomads "Hu people" but "Han people". Zhang Wushi, Fan Tan, came to see him in rags. Schleswig asked him what happened. Without thinking, Fan Tan said that Jie thief robbed him. Schleswig laughed and said, "Is valerian a robber like this? You should be compensated now. " Fan Tan realized that he had made a taboo and quickly kowtowed and wept bitterly. Schleswig not only failed to punish Fan Tan, but also gave him three million yuan to buy clothes and horses. You can imagine the situation of ordinary Han people at that time. Shi Hu (sometimes called a brother), the nephew of Schleswig-Holstein, was cruel to the Han people because he listened to the wizard. He is like a poisonous snake. There are only three things in his mind, one is lust, the other is killing, and the third is pleasure. Shi Hu sent160,000 men and women to build the Great Wall in China, Lin Yuan and Ye Bei. When there is a rainstorm, the water rises and tens of thousands of people die; There are many palaces in Shi Hu, but they are still not satisfied. They were also driven away by Ding Han from more than 400,000 camps in Luoyang and Chang 'an Palace, resulting in the corpses of vilen. Lin Yuan Jia Bing, 500,000 artificial armor, 170,000 people built ships, and more than two-thirds died; Entering the harem with 50,000 Han women, they are wantonly perverted, killing and insulting, and countless people died during the period because of the resistance of wives and concubines; From Chang 'an-to Luoyang-to Yecheng, Cheng Han's emissary saw someone hanging himself in a tree along the way. The walls were covered with the heads of the Han people, and the bones were made into a "corpse view", which was a great shock to the world. The bodies of tens of thousands of rebel soldiers were abandoned in the wilderness to feed the animals; Bloody slaughter and cruel ethnic oppression, the population of Han nationality in the north has dropped sharply to 67 million, causing a thousand miles of bare sight; The population is greatly reduced, the land is barren, and wild animals such as tigers and wolves appear in groups to reproduce. Shi Hu designated tens of thousands of square kilometers south of Handan (south of Linzhang) as its hunting grounds, setting a Guinness World Record for all mankind. It is stipulated that Han people are not allowed to throw stones at wild animals, otherwise it will be "committing the crime of wild animals" and will be sentenced to death. Countless people have been killed or eaten by animals, and the status of Han people is even worse than that of animals; Taizi Stone Jia is even more insolent than his father Shi Hu. If Shi Hu is cruel and dissolute, this young man in his twenties can only be explained by abnormal condition. Idle and bored in his own house, he ran around with a knife. When I met my maid, I cut off her head, wiped her blood and put it on a plate to make handicrafts, and my men looked after her. The most incredible thing is that this demon actually believes in Buddhism. He ordered the captured Han women to become nuns. When you meet a beautiful woman, mate with her first, and then cut off the meat of this unlucky nun and cook it with beef and mutton. He also gave the food to the Ministry to let them guess what raw materials it was made of.

Fan Wenlan, a famous historian, commented on Murong Juan's behavior of offering Ran Min in "A General History of China" as follows: "His barbaric behavior reflected the resistance of the Han people to the cruel rule of Jie tribe and Xiongnu, so his killing won the sympathy of the Han people. Murong Juan sacrificed Ran Min because he was afraid that the Han people would sympathize with him. "

Fan Wenlan also made a relatively pertinent evaluation of Ran Min in his contemporary authoritative historical work "A Historical Outline of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties": "As for Ran Min, it is a tragedy in history that only a small number of troops galloped across the Central Plains and the Eastern Jin Dynasty only stood on the sidelines." The commentary in the fourth quarter of the fourth chapter in the second part of General History of China says: "Ministers who never committed suicide after the national subjugation in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Wei Dynasties committed suicide because of national subjugation, which also shows that the struggle between Han and non-Han is extremely acute." Historians commented in History of Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties: "The victory of Ran Min is similar to the victory of Sun Ce", and it may not be unbeaten if it competes with the remnants of the Shi family. Murong's participation in this unrelated war is in the ascendant and powerful. "It is also the misfortune that it (Ran Min) has suffered."

Later generations have poems in memory of Ran Min, saying, "Heroes are the same as the overlord of Chu, destroying Hu and destroying Jie and building a new country;" Zhu Long broke his spear and stopped the sunset hanging in front of the mountain. The history book also said, "Min Zicang Pavilion, drinking with courtesy, clearing the nine streams, being appointed only after approval, being Confucian at the back door, being more enlightened, and suddenly, is the beginning of Wei and Jin Dynasties." . "It can be seen that Min is not a rough talent, but cherishes valuable enemies, and most of them cannot be forcibly cast.

As early as that year, Ran Min ordered that the Central Plains people and the conference semifinals who entered the fortress would attack each other for one day without a month or a war. It can be seen that Ran Min's policy at that time was in line with public opinion and represented the wishes of the overwhelming majority of people in the invaded Central Plains. It was not Ran Min's intention to provoke, but the ethnic contradictions at that time were irreconcilable. Throughout the four ancient civilizations: ancient Egypt and ancient Babylonian civilization weakened in the war; The barbarian tribes who invaded India regarded the local people who created ancient Indian civilization as the lowest untouchables in the caste system and drove them as slaves to this day. When people who created China's ancient civilization faced similar difficulties, Ran Min stood up. He made it public and invited heroes from all over the world to kill Hu. When the order was given, everyone responded. The Han army was mighty, the jaws of death collapsed, and the land of Kyushu finally recovered its true colors. My family has avoided repeating the mistakes of others, and the main body of Chinese civilization has been continued.

Therefore, western historians and scholars have always called Ran Min "the guardian of Chinese civilization", and together with Joan of Arc, Caesar, King Arthur and other heroes, they are called the top ten guardians of civilization in human history ~ ~ ~