Improve the fruit-setting rate: On the basis of strengthening the comprehensive management of soil improvement, fertilizer and water, pruning and pest control, take the following technical measures to improve the fruit-setting rate at flowering stage.
Artificial pollination: On the basis of matching pollinated trees when establishing protected cherry orchard, artificial pollination must be carried out seriously before flowering (including self-bred varieties) to ensure good fruit setting. Cherry has a large amount of flowers, and fruit farmers have not yet formed the habit of thinning flowers, so it is difficult to take pollen and then give it artificially. At present, two kinds of pollinators are produced in production, and artificial pollination is carried out without pollen. One is a spherical pollinator, that is, a foam plastic ball or a clean yarn ball with a diameter of about 5-6 cm is tied to the top of a wooden stick or bamboo pole (depending on the length), and the flowers are lightly contacted between the inflorescence of the pollinated tree and the pollinated tree when flowering, so as to achieve the purpose of both collecting and pollinating. Spherical pollinator is suitable for pollination on branches and fruiting branches, but its working efficiency is low. Another time stick pollinator, that is, a wooden stick or bamboo pole with a length of about 1.2 ~ 1.5 m and a thickness of about 3 cm, is wrapped with a layer of clean gauze at one end, which can be used to roll on different kinds of flowers, and can also achieve the purpose of collecting powder and pollinating. The invention is suitable for uniaxial extension of fruit branches and has high working efficiency. When the stick pollinator can't be made for the time being, it can also be replaced with a feather duster. No matter which pollinator pollinates, it should be pollinated 3 ~ 5 times from the beginning of flowering to ensure that different flowers can be pollinated in time.
In order to ensure that the early blooming sweet cherry flowers can also be pollinated, open-field sweet cherry pollen collected last year is also used at home and abroad, and the storage condition is -20℃ low temperature (freezer) and kept dry, which is used for pollination of protected cherry. According to Fang Daoliang's experiment in Yantai Fruit Research Institute, the dry yield of pollen with medicinal shells per kilogram of Dazi, Naong and Deng Hong were 24. 1, 12.8 and 17.68 g/kg respectively. Before cold storage, the germination rate of the three varieties was similar, which was 32. 1% ~ 33.4%. After one year's storage, the germination rate of pollen just taken out of the freezer is11.3% ~12.6%. The germination rate of pollen was 22.9% ~ 24.7% after standing at room temperature for 6 hours. The germination rate is 22.9% ~ 24.6% after 12 hours. Therefore, when in use, the pollen is taken out of the freezer and put into the shed for 4 hours before being used; If it is pollinated immediately after being taken out of the freezer, the fruit setting is not good.
In addition, the wall bee can also be used for auxiliary pollination in the shed, and about 300 bees are put into the shed every 667 meters.
Foliar spraying at flowering stage: spraying 0.2% ~ 0.3% borax at flowering stage can improve the fruit setting rate by about13%; Spraying 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can improve the fruit setting rate by about 15%. Spraying10 day after anthesis 10 mg/L zuoguoling (LXL) can promote fruit setting and improve fruit yield and quality.
Sparse flowers and fruits: In order to increase the single fruit weight and improve the fruit uniformity of sweet cherries in protected areas, Japan has adopted measures such as sparse flower buds, sparse flower buds or sparse flowers and fruits. Sparse flower buds before germination. Generally, short fruit branches with 7-8 flower buds can sparse about 3 fine flower buds and keep 4-5 complete flower buds. After the flower buds germinate, they will become thinner or bloom. After flower bud thinning, most of the remaining flower buds can bloom 3, and after flower thinning or flower thinning, 7-8 flowers can be left in each bouquetlike fruit branch. After physiological fruit drop, thin the small fruit and deformed fruit.
Promote coloring: the light in the shed is worse than that in the open field. When the fruit begins to color, you can pick leaves and hang reflective films to improve the lighting conditions and promote coloring. When picking leaves, it is mainly to remove the leaves that directly cover the fruit, and first pick the yellow and incomplete leaves and leaflets. Don't pick the leaves too heavy. Reflective films can be laid between rows, or cut into strips and hung between rows to increase the reflection.