It is formed by the abnormal increase and accumulation of melanin granules secreted by melanocytes or melanocytes in the skin. For example, common black nevus is formed by the accumulation of increased melanocytes into nests or clusters; in nevus of Ohta and freckle-like nevus, the increased melanocytes are scattered and can appear in different colors due to different depths of distribution. There are many types of moles, the most common ones are localized nevus (divided into junctional nevus, intradermal nevus and mixed nevus according to the depth). In addition, there are giant nevus (congenital melanoma nevus with a large area) and halo nevus (accompanied by Melanotic nevus with hypopigmentation of the surrounding skin), simple freckle-like nevus (mole), freckles (appearing on exposed parts such as the face, brown, and deepening in color after sun exposure), café-au-lait spots (light brown that appears at birth) plaques), chloasma (light brown patches that appear on the cheeks and forehead in healthy women), nevus of Ohta (brown nevus on the upper jaw of the eyes), nevus Ito (brown nevus on the trunk and limbs), blue nevus (blue nevus Macula or nodules), etc. 1. Chemical drugs on the market use strong acid or strong alkali chemical agents to cauterize, while hospitals use trichloroacetic acid to spot moles. It is more effective for newly appeared and relatively shallow combined moles. Excessive cauterization often results in sunken scars or scars. Raised scars caused by physical constitution. 2. Electric cautery is effective for superficial combined moles and deeper and raised compound moles. The operation is difficult to control and can easily cause scars. 3. Freezing The mole is frozen with liquid nitrogen. It can effectively remove protruding and flat moles. Because it is difficult to control the depth and often causes damage, dermatologists now do not use it to treat moles. 4． Surgical excision can remove it once and for all. If there is a mole that may become malignant, pathological tissue examination can be performed after the removal. Resection is a type of surgery, so it requires anesthesia and suturing, and the wound is difficult to take care of. 5． Laser vaporized nevus has no trace at all after demobilization, except for some spotting that may occur after laser surgery. It is only suitable for shallow moles, because the remaining melanocytes under the skin will surface again and again, requiring multiple laser treatments. It is a bit difficult to save the eyebrows. There are many plastic surgery methods. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. You should first let a doctor examine the mole. Status and make suggestions before making a decision. Electric cautery method: Apply the principle of electric high-temperature burning to remove moles due to cauterization and carbonization. Advantages: Easy to operate, even some beauty salons can operate it. Disadvantages: Difficult to control the degree of burning, easy to leave scars. Indications: Moles with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm. Laser mole spotting method: Currently, shallow moles can be removed using lasers, such as ruby ??laser, chromium laser or dye laser, etc.; if the moles are larger or deeper, carbon dioxide ultra-pulse laser should be used to remove them. Advantages: Laser mole removal can control the size and depth of the optimal light spot, and is less likely to leave scars and infections. Disadvantages: Moles that are too deep may still need to be treated in separate injections. Indications: Most can be used, including dark and light moles. Surgical excision method: Surgical removal of the diseased tissue around the mole. Advantages: This method can choose to partially or completely remove the diseased tissue, and different treatment methods can be carried out depending on the nature of the mole. Disadvantages: It is difficult and takes a lot of time. This method is rarely used for general moles. Indications: Large and raised moles exceeding 0.6 cm in diameter. Chemical etching method: Generally, a solution of trinitrogen carbonate with a concentration of 50%, or an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide is applied to the mole. Advantages: trizocarbonate solution is not easy to burn the skin and cause scars; alkaline solution is highly corrosive and may be effective quickly. Disadvantages: The effect of trizocarbonate solution is slow, and it may be applied up to 10 times for darker moles; sodium hydroxide is not easy to control the depth of corrosion and may cause deep scars. Indications: Moles that are lighter in color and lighter in location. Freezing method: Freeze with liquid nitrogen to quickly freeze the pigmented nevus tissue, causing the cells around the pigmented nevus to form water sores and then fall off on their own. Advantages: The depth of damage is relatively easy to control, it can usually be done in one go, and it is not easy to cause obvious scars. Disadvantages: Large and thick moles need to be frozen multiple times to remove, and special equipment is required. The doctor's skills are also very important. Indications: Flat moles with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 cm, including freckles.

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