In recent years, high-quality loquat has quietly entered the high-grade fruit sales market, which is not only high in market price, but also very large in sales market. Planting loquat has broad industrial prospects. When planting loquat, in order to obtain high quality and increase production, special attention should be paid to the following aspects:
1. Reasonable close planting: select red and yellow soil with thick soil layer, good drainage and rich humus for planting, with row spacing of 4× 5m and 30-40 plants per mu.
2. Analysis of hole planting depth: the width is about 1m, and the depth is 0.8m, or it will be opened after the bottom project is blasted.
3. Re-applying base fertilizer: each hole is filled with 0.5-0.75 kg of lime powder and 0.5 kg of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 1- 1.5 kg. Compound fertilizer 1 kg, compost farmyard manure 20-30 kg. It is best to cultivate a mound with a road surface of 35-40cm by pressing down the thick roof and subdividing it into three layers.
4. Scientific research and fertilization: within 3 years after transplanting loquat seedlings, it is the pruning and nursing period of fruit trees, which is mainly based on vegetative growth and trunk expansion. In fertilizer, we should ensure "light fertilizer and diligent application, promoting the front and controlling the rear". Before and after spring shoots, summer shoots and autumn shoots germinate every year, shoot-promoting fertilizer and strong shoot fertilizer are applied once each. Apply 5- 100kg fertilizer water to each person's livestock and poultry at a time, and add 50- 100 g urea solution for mixed application.
Fertilization for mature fruit trees: generally, fertilization is divided into 3-4 times, 1-2 months, from flowering to young fruit stage, mainly available potassium and phosphorus; In May and June, the fruit picking fertilizer was applied again, and 30-40 kg of manure was applied to each pit and furrow, and pond cake (dead fertilizer 1-2 kg, phosphate fertilizer 1 kg) was added to repair the plant type and promote the emergence of summer shoots. Proper application of pre-flowering fertilizer and fruit fertilizer.
5. Trimming: After transplanting loquat, cut off the top and fix it on the trunk about 50 cm above the ground. When budding in spring, 65,438+0 strong buds and 4-5 lateral buds in different directions are selected, which are dragged and cultivated on the central trunk and several main branches, and the perspective of the main branches is opened by pulling, bracing and hanging to make them grow obliquely (or horizontally).
In this way, the second and third branches are shaped, the central trunk above the third branch is happy, and the height-width ratio of the trunk is adjusted to 3 meters long. The orchard after loquat fruit picking can be pruned in summer or early spring before germination in May-June. It is mainly to cut off dense branches, dead branches, diseased branches and blind branches, which is convenient for ventilation and light transmission and makes nutrition concentrated.