Planting techniques of red grapes
1. Reasonable colonization. Choose loam or sandy loam with high terrain, smooth irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer and fertile and loose soil. It is wise to plant in the south in spring. Before planting, the roots should be trimmed, the wounds should be tied, the branches should be disinfected with sulfur mixture, and after planting, the roots should be watered and covered with plastic film to promote heat preservation and take root and sprout early.
2. Plastic decoration. Red globe grape has strong growth potential and obvious top advantage. Young trees grow and new shoots mature late, so we should pay attention to the balance of tree potential and promote growth. The main vines of double cross V-frame and T-frame should be cored at the height of 80- 100cm for the first time 1 time to promote the first layer of branches, and the second time at the height of 1.5m to promote the second layer of branches. The first and second layers of branches should be tied to iron wires horizontally. Because the fruiting branch rate of Red Globe grape is moderate, the pruning of fruiting trees is mainly in the middle tip, and more fruiting mother branches should be reserved appropriately, and attention should be paid to selecting branches with full bud eyes and full branches.
3. Flower and fruit management. Red-picked ears are closely arranged, and the squeezed part of the fruit can not be colored normally, so the ears must be trimmed. 5-7 days after flowering, the new fruiting branches are cored and the attached tips are erased, leaving only 65,438+0 ears for each new fruiting branch. After the size of young fruits is clear, the fruits are pruned to remove the fruits with poor fertilization, abnormal fruit shape and yellow color, leaving 60-80 fruits with bright green color, so that the fruits are evenly distributed. Remove the accessory ear in time and pinch off the long ear. In order to improve the appearance quality of the ear and make the fruit surface smooth, bagging was carried out when the fruit grains grew to the size of beans.
4. Use fertilizer and water scientifically. Don't be afraid of drought and waterlogging during the young seedling period of Red Globe grape, and fully irrigate it after planting. At the beginning of the seedling stage, manure and clear water should be poured, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently every 5-7 days, and its concentration will gradually increase with the growth of plants to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. In mid-August, nitrogen fertilizer was stopped and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied instead. May to August, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, green Wei Fen, etc. Should be added as root topdressing, l-2 times a month, spraying should generally be carried out after 3 pm, focusing on the back of leaves. Results The top dressing of trees should be applied with bud promoting fertilizer, fruit expanding fertilizer and coloring fertilizer, and the amount of compound fertilizer should be increased appropriately. The best time to apply base fertilizer is from late September to 1 month after grape harvest, because the growth temperature is high and the photosynthesis of leaves is good at this time. After fertilization, not only the broken roots are easy to heal, but also the trees can restore vitality by storing nutrients. Before germination, fully water the germination water, properly water the swelling water, and properly control the water during the coloring period, so as to increase the sugar content of the fruit and color it early.
5. Pest control. Because Red Globe grape has weak disease resistance and is prone to black pox, downy mildew and white rot, spraying 1 3-5 Baume lime mixture or 200 times sodium pentachlorophenol before germination in early spring is the key to eradicate overwintering bacteria. In the growth period, it is mainly used to control black pox, spraying/kloc-0 once every 5-7 days, and controlling it with Bok, Sheng Da and DuPont Fuxing at the seedling stage. In addition, Tobezin, Sulklin, Fu Mei anthrax and mancozeb can be used to control gray mold, anthracnose and downy mildew. Insects such as winged moths and scarabs can be controlled by dimethoate, diphacinone, etc. The above chemicals should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.
Storage technology of red grapes
1. warehouse disinfection Before storage, the warehouse should be fully disinfected to prevent germs, pests and diseases from breeding in the storage warehouse.
Step 2 save materials
1 packing: the fresh-keeping packing box for storing red grapes should be less than 5 kg, and a layer of fruit can be placed, which can be made of wooden boxes, cartons and plastic boxes.
2 Fresh-keeping bag: When choosing fresh-keeping bag, we should pay attention to the PVC or PE modified atmosphere moisture permeable bag for red extraction. This kind of bagging has the advantages of light coagulation or even non-coagulation, little change in grape quality and good effect of keeping fruit stems green. However, PVC bags are difficult to open, so they should be purchased about one month in advance, and the fresh-keeping bags should be checked for leaks before bagging grapes.
3. Preservatives: Studies show that red grapes are sensitive to oxygen, so CT compound preservatives should be selected, including CT2, CT 1 and humidity-regulating preservative film. The dosage is 7 packages of CT2, 1 package of CT 1, 1 piece of humidity-regulating preservative film per 5 kg of grapes.
3. Harvest and post-harvest treatment
Grapes used for storage must be harvested after the dew is completely dry in the morning. Two days before harvesting, a new type of antiseptic and fresh-keeping food special for red extract should be sprayed on the ear, which can be used with fresh-keeping tablets after harvesting to obtain better storage effect. Red grape varieties are not resistant to oxygen, so using preservatives before harvesting is one of the key technologies to prolong storage period and prevent mildew during storage. Grape berries are particularly vulnerable to mechanical damage, so they should be handled with care during harvesting, packaging, transportation and storage to avoid or reduce the damage caused by bumping, squeezing, friction and vibration. When harvesting, it is forbidden to use portable fruit-pulling granules and inverted fruit boxes. After harvesting, the diseased fruit, bruised fruit, green fruit and small fruit particles should be removed immediately, and the ear of the fruit should be gently placed in a box lined with PVC or PE special fresh-keeping bags for grapes. Immediately after packing, it should be transported to the pre-cooling room for pre-cooling. The time from harvesting to precooling should not exceed 12 hour, and the precooling speed should be as fast as possible.
4. Rapid precooling and storage
After the grapes are transported to the precooling room, the bag mouth should be opened for precooling, and the precooling temperature should be-1℃ to -2℃ to reduce the temperature of the grapes as soon as possible. When the fruit temperature drops to 0℃ within 24 hours, put the preservative into a bag according to the use requirements, coat the wrapped preservative on the grapes with double-layer paper, then tie the bag mouth tightly and store it at-0.5 0.5℃. In order to prevent the damage caused by preservative release and mildew in the early stage, it is one of the key technologies to establish a precooling room to prevent condensation in the late stage of bagging.
5. How to use the preservative
Red grapes must be packed in a single box, and the preservative can only be put in when the temperature reaches 0℃ after precooling. On the premise of keeping the fruit temperature at 0℃ and preventing dew condensation, compound preservative was used, and the dosage was 7 packs of tablet preservative and 1 kraft paper packaging fresh-keeping pad per 5 kg. The use method is as follows: first, put 1 piece of paper with strong water absorption on the upper part of the grape, with the length of the paper being more than 30cm and the width being more than 20cm; Put the 1 kraft paper preservative pad on the pad paper, then punch two holes in each package of tablet preservatives with a pin, put seven packages of tablet preservatives on the fresh-keeping pad, and then cover it with the pad paper to ensure the uniformity of drug release.
6. Storage period management
Temperature management of 1: During storage, the storage temperature should be kept at-0.5 0.5℃, and the fluctuation of storage temperature should be less than 0.5℃. Excessive fluctuation of storage temperature will easily lead to dew condensation in the bag, which will lead to fruit rot and phytotoxicity.
Ventilation: Although the respiratory metabolism of red grapes is weak at low temperature after harvest, it is still necessary to ventilate the warehouse during storage, which is beneficial to the storage of red grapes.
3. In the process of storage, always check the storage of grapes. If the grape stems are found to be dry, brown, rotten or have serious phytotoxicity, they should be sold in time.