Greenhouse structure: The tested greenhouse is 96m long and 7m wide, with a back wall height of 2.2m and a top height of 3.3m The walls are brick-concrete structures, with 100cm thick earth walls in the east, west and north, and 12cm thick brick walls in the inner walls. There are 30 vents with a diameter of 30cm at the position 1.5m from the north wall to the ground. The wall shall be plastered below 1.2m from the ground. After the ice wall melts, the cement platform with a height of 25cm and a width of 40cm shall be built on the wall foundation for drainage. The frame of the greenhouse is a steel structure, and the south of the greenhouse is arched, covered with a film with a thickness of 0.05mm and covered with grass with a thickness of 3cm.

Seedling selection and planting

Potting method: Potted soil is mixed soil, with river sand, field topsoil and horse manure accounting for 65,438+0/3 respectively, and mixed evenly after sieving. 1 year-old flowerpot for peach seedlings, with a mouth diameter of 30cm and a height of 40cm. Use an electric drill to drill 5-8 holes in the bottom of the flowerpot. Soak the planted seedlings in 500 times of sulfur mixed solution for 5 minutes, put 10cm of nutrient soil into the bottom of the basin, put the seedlings into the basin for righting, fill them with water, and fill the basin soil 6cm away from the basin edge after standing. In the second year of potted seedling raising, the big pots with a diameter of 50cm and a height of 65cm should be rearranged, and it is not advisable to irrigate them 2-3 days before changing pots, so that the soil in the pots can be dried, which is beneficial to seedling raising. When changing pots, first drill 5-8 holes in the bottom of the big pot, and then put the transplanted peach tree and its small pot horizontally, pat the pot wall, lift the peach tree with soil, put it into the big pot after the pot soil is separated from the pot wall, and fill it with nutrient soil until it is 6cm away from the pot edge.

Post-colonial management

Pruning and plant management after planting

Shaping and pruning: after the peach seedlings are cut into pots, they are dried at the height of 10 ~ 15 cm, and 3 ~ 4 main branches are selected. When the medium-long fruit branches are kept at 10 ~ 15 cm, they are shaped according to the natural shape. Before the peach buds germinate the next spring, they should be cut off. Don't thin fruit branches in summer, cut fruit branches less, and leave 6 ~ 8 leaves before fruit. Pull, thin, hang and top branches in autumn, and adjust the angle of branch group. In the third to fourth year of potted peach planting, the pruning method is the same as that in the second year, the tree height is controlled within 1m, and the crown width is 0.85m m.

Environmental control and adjustment of temperature, humidity, light and gas in the facility after building the group.

Annual management of potted peach trees;

Potted peach trees were moved into the greenhouse in the late autumn of the year when they were planted, and were closed in the early winter. When it is cold, the plastic film is covered with grass. Before mid-February, the square basket of Vitex negundo with plastic bags was placed outside the north wall of the greenhouse and naturally frozen with water to make an ice wall with a width of 70cm and a height of about1.5m.. In the middle of March of the following year, the temperature rises, and the ice wall can keep the temperature in the solar greenhouse below 7℃ for about 40 days. At the beginning of May, the average daily temperature in the greenhouse reached 8℃, and peach buds began to sprout. At this time, the straw cover will be uncovered in the morning and evening, and the flowering period of peach trees will be postponed as much as possible during the day. In the middle and late May, the straw cover and plastic film were removed to allow peach trees to blossom in the open field. By adopting the above method, the flowering period of potted peach trees can be delayed by about 20 days. At the beginning of June, potted peach trees were alternately moved out of the greenhouse and placed in the fields around the greenhouse at the same spacing as in the greenhouse. During the growing period, the peach pot should be moved every 20 days 1 time to prevent the peach roots from sticking into the ground from the holes at the bottom of the pot, causing the peach trees to grow white. Bagging after fruit thinning in late June, and moving outdoor potted peach trees into greenhouse in late September, with row spacing of 0.55 meters and 667 square meters for 2,000 plants. At the beginning of September, the greenhouse was covered with drip-free film. In hot weather, open the vent to cool down, and the daytime temperature is 25 ~ 28℃. Cover the grass at night in mid-September, and control the temperature at 20 ~ 25℃ from early June to mid-February (18), and the temperature at night shall not be lower than 10℃. Take off the fruit bag 15 days before harvesting. After fruit harvesting, potted peach trees can be properly concentrated in the greenhouse, covered with grass day and night, and gradually reduce the indoor temperature. The annual management of 4-year-old peaches is the same as that of 2-year-old peaches, except that the spacing between them is increased to 0.8m in the greenhouse.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Check the roots of peach trees carefully before planting to prevent root cancer seedlings from mixing. Spraying 5 baume sulfur mixture before bud germination, spraying 500 times 65% zineb wettable powder after foliar spraying, alternately spraying 800 times 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 1000 times 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder in the growing season to prevent bacterial perforation.

Spraying 20% fenpropathrin EC 3000 times solution to control aphids during bud germination, and timely controlling aphids when found during growth period. During the occurrence period of tetranychus viennensis, 75% acaricide EC can be sprayed 2000 times. Spraying 25% diflubenzuron No.3 suspension 2-3 times every 10 day. Spraying 2.5% fenpropathrin EC 2500 times before bagging to control pear and peach fruit borers.