1. Soil selection of big cherry: Big cherry is suitable for cultivation in deep, fertile and loose sandy soil. Its roots are vertically distributed and generally concentrated in the soil layer about 20 cm deep. Drainage and irrigation conditions are good, and heavy clay is not suitable for planting big cherry. Planting density varies according to varieties, grafting and soil conditions. On fertile and flat land, hybridization, shaping and close planting should be adopted. The planting spacing of cherry trees varies from 2 meters to 3 meters. If you plan to plant in high density, you can control the spacing between 1.5 ~ 2 meters; If we make a long-term plan, we hope to plant thinly, which can be controlled at 3 ~ 4 meters. The most suitable plant spacing is about 2.5 meters. Such plant spacing is suitable for planting in open-air greenhouse, digging drainage ditch, and also convenient for later picking management.
The planting amount of an acre of land varies according to the plant spacing, generally around 60-80 plants. Generally, we count 70 plants. If you count the survival rate, you can buy 70-80 cherry saplings per mu. The planting time is generally divided into spring and autumn. In winter, it is planted in cold, dry and windy areas in Yichun, and in spring, it should be planted in warm places in winter, before seedlings germinate.
Before planting, the soil should be deeply turned and weathered, and the excavation depth should not be less than 70-90 deep pits. Each pit should be covered with 5- 10 kg organic fertilizer. After mixing fertilizer with soil, it is time to sow and water.
2. Soil management of big cherry: Top dressing of big cherry is 3-4 times a year. Topdressing after fruit picking plays an important role in restoring tree vigor, promoting germination and differentiation in the coming year and increasing yield. Apply poultry manure and urine immediately after fruit picking, and add appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer. The top dressing at germination and flowering stage is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, and 0.5 kg urea is applied to each plant. Rapid long-term fertilization after flower failure accelerates fruit development. Quick-acting chemical fertilizer should be applied to fruit trees at one time, and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied. Apply base fertilizer before defoliation in autumn to rejuvenate trees and increase the content of stored nutrients in plants. Because it only takes more than 40 days from flowering to fruit ripening, the amount of nutrients stored at this stage affects the size and quality of fruit. Therefore, the application of base fertilizer is very important, accounting for 70% of the annual fertilization. Mainly applying organic fertilizer, supplemented by poultry manure and fermented bean cake, and adding appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate. In addition to the above, spray 0.5% urea every 10 day from the early flowering stage to the full flowering stage. Spraying twice continuously, or spraying 600 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.3% borax solution is beneficial to improve fruit yield.
Third, shaping: 1, shaping, natural clumping is a common tree shape of big cherry, generally with 5-7 branches, spreading and growing around. Each main branch has 3-4 lateral branches, and the bearing branches are born on the main branch and lateral branches. The angle of this tree is wider than that of the V-shaped tree, and it bears fruit earlier. After 4 15 years of planting, except the central trunk, the tree is open, easy to shape, with small pruning, open crown, ventilation and light transmission, early fruiting, high yield and good quality. The height of drainage is 40-60 cm, and there is a central trunk with 6-7 main branches and 3-4 layers of branches. There are three main branches on the first floor with an opening angle of 50-60 degrees, two main branches on the second floor with an opening angle of about 45 degrees, and one main branch on the third and fourth floors. The spacing between the first and second floors is 60-80 cm, and the spacing between the second and third floors is 40-50 cm. The spacing between the upper layers can be appropriately smaller, and each high branch is equipped with 2-4 side branches. At the same time, many branches are cultivated on each main branch, which cross the trees in the north-south direction, and the two branches of each tree are symmetrical on both sides. During plastic surgery, it is necessary to set up a support frame to fix them. Therefore, it is suitable for close planting, convenient management and good fruit quality.