In recent years, Myrtle has been gradually introduced into cities for landscaping and viewing. At the same time, the branches of Myrtle are very tough and can be used to make bonsai. Myrtle's flowers and fruits are beautiful and can be seen in potted plants. Mature fresh fruit can be eaten raw, with unique flavor and broad market prospects.
Morphological characteristics of 1
Shrub, 1 ~ 2 m high; The shoots are grayish white. The leaves are opposite, leathery, oval or obovate, 3~8 cm long and 1~4 cm wide. The apex is round or obtuse, often slightly concave, sometimes slightly pointed, and the base is broadly wedge-shaped. At first, it was hairy, then it became hairless and shiny, and there were fine gray hairs below; There are three veins from the base, reaching the apex and meeting. The lateral veins are 3~4 mm away from the edge, and the midvein has 4~6 pairs of lateral veins with obvious reticular veins. Petiole is 4~7 mm long. Flowers have long stalks, often solitary, purplish red, 2 ~ 4 cm in diameter; Calyx tube obovate, 6 mm long, with gray hairs, calyx lobes 5, suborbicular, 4~5 mm long, persistent; 5 petals, obovate, length 1.3 ~ 2.0 cm; Stamens red, 7 ~ 8 mm long; Ovary inferior, 3-loculed, style length 1 cm. Berries are ovoid, with a length of 1.5~2.0 cm and a width of 1.0~ 1.5 cm, and are purple-black when ripe. Two rows of seeds in each room. Flowering period is April-May [1].
The fruit is a berry, green when it is immature, ripe in August-10, and turns red or purple-black when it matures, as big as a finger. When ripe, the pulp is red, sweet and edible.
2 growth habits
Myrtle likes sunny, warm and humid environment and acidic soil; Born on hilly slope, it is an indicator plant of acidic soil. It is suitable for growing in an environment with air relative humidity of 70%~80%. If the relative humidity of the air is too low, the leaves below will turn yellow and fall off, and the leaves above will be dull. Usually distributed sporadically or in patches in sparse forests on hillsides. Drought-tolerant, barren and strongly acidic soil. Myrtle is a tropical light-loving tree species, and likes high temperature and high humidity environment, so it will stop growing when the temperature is lower than 10 in winter, and it will not be safe to winter if there is frost. It can resist heat and hide, and it is rare in the deep mountains and forests with cool climate above 600 m above sea level. Strong germination, it is an excellent greening tree species in hilly and barren hills.
3 Myrtle development and utilization prospects
3. 1 nutritional value
Myrtle fruit is rich in mineral elements, and the contents of potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus are 5.33 mg/g, 299 mg/g, 0.26 mg/g, 0.62 mg/g and 4.43 mg/g respectively, which is very beneficial to human body [2]. The contents of iron and zinc are relatively high, which are 165 and 106 mg/g respectively. Iron plays an important role in hematopoiesis, and zinc can improve immunity [3]. In addition, the fruit of Myrtle also contains a variety of amino acids, sugars, organic acids and other nutrients and active substances with strong antioxidant capacity, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids. These bioactive substances have antioxidant and anti-aging effects.
3.2 Medicinal value
The fruits, roots and leaves of Myrtle have medicinal value. Fruits are edible, fresh, sweet and nutritious, and can also be used for wine and drinks. Roots can be used as medicine, promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, astringing and stopping diarrhea, which has a good curative effect on rheumatic bone pain and lumbago; Drinking boiled leaves can cure diarrhea. In addition, the fruits, roots and leaves of Myrtle can be collected, washed, sliced and dried in the sun, which can stop diarrhea, dispel wind and activate collaterals, replenish blood and soothe the nerves.
3.3 Ecological value
Myrtle has low requirements for growth environment, easy growth, lax requirements for water, strong adaptability, strong resistance to drought, salinity and wind erosion, strong resistance to direct light, strong rejuvenation and self-repair, and is very suitable for planting on barren hills and slopes below 600 meters above sea level or mixed with other plants. Myrtle, as a greening tree species in barren hills, has the functions of windbreak, soil consolidation and hillside beautification. Myrtle becomes a forest quickly and has a high survival rate. It will bring ecological benefits into play in three to five years and play a great role in ecological construction.
3.4 Garden value
Myrtle integrates flower viewing, fruit eating and leaf viewing, which has high ornamental and edible value and low application cost. It is an excellent tree species for greening, beautification and fragrance, and has a broad application prospect. In recent years, people's requirements for landscaping tree species have become more and more novel. Wild plants such as peony, myrtle, Korean pine and dictyophora are widely used in southern mountainous areas, and the frequency of use is getting higher and higher, which caters to the taste of "returning to nature" of urbanites and is deeply loved by the public.
4 Pot culture technology
4. 1 preparation of potted nutrient soil
Myrtle grows well in acidic soil, so potted nutrient soil should be acidic. When preparing potted nutrient soil, 6 parts of matured pastoral soil, 2 parts of humus soil and 2 parts of sand or slag can be fully mixed, ground and sieved. Potted nutrient soil can also be made of dry pond sludge. When preparing, 80% of pond mud (dried with rich and sticky pond mud and crushed into mud particles as big as fingers), 65,438+08% of decomposed bagasse and 2% of calcium superphosphate are evenly mixed [4-5]. The cultivated soil should be disinfected before potted, such as cooking disinfection, baking disinfection and so on. You can also spray 5% formalin on the nutrient soil, and then cover it with a film and seal it for 2 days to achieve the purpose of disinfection.
4.2 Cultivation of potted seedlings
Potted seedlings can be cultivated by sowing, grafting, winding branches and cutting. Cutting and other methods have the characteristics of short plant type and early fruiting, which are more suitable for potted management of Myrtle. Wild Myrtle, with lush foliage and dark green leaves, has an annual fruit yield of more than 65,438 0.5 kg/plant, an average fruit transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of more than 65,438 0.0 cm, and its fruit and juice are dark purple, so it has been selected as an excellent mother plant. From April to August, strong trunk branches were collected from excellent mother plants, and the first 8? 10 cm tender part, and then cut the branches into 15? For 20 cm cuttings, the cut on the cutting surface at the lower end of each cuttings is 45, leaving 2 leaves. 3 tablets; Soak the cuttings at the lower end in 0.0 15% water solution containing rooting powder ABT 1 for 2.5h；; ; Then completely wrap the cut at the lower end of the cuttings with yellow mud. After the cuttings are treated, they are cut directly on the sterilization bed. Using oblique cutting, the cutting plane is 40 with the bed, which is beneficial to the water absorption of cuttings and improves the survival rate. After the topsoil of the inserted bed is fully watered, 800 times of 80% mancozeb ultrafine powder wettable powder 1 time is sprayed, and the amount of sprayed liquid medicine is subject to the dripping of plants. Then, bamboo chips are made on a grooving machine, and the top of the bamboo chips is 50 cm away from the bed surface, and then the bamboo chips are covered with plastic films. Attention should be paid to keeping the seedbed moist to meet the growth needs of cuttings. If the temperature is too high, pay attention to timely ventilation. About 15 d after cutting, the incision can form callus, that is, it begins to take root. After that, water every 5 days 1 time, and the watering is based on dripping plants and soaking cuttings in topsoil. Spraying 800 times of mancozeb micropowder wettable powder 1 time every 15 days, and spraying liquid medicine based on the dripping of plants until the cuttings germinate new leaves. After the cuttings grow new leaves, the commercial gibberellin 1 100 times solution is sprayed twice with an interval of 10 d, and the special long-acting fertilizer for Cyclocarya paliurus is applied with 150 g/m2.
5 Guo management
5. 1 pruning modeling and fertilizer management
When the cuttings grow to 8? 12 cm, move the cuttings with seedling bags into a flowerpot with nutrient soil (prepared), and the specifications of the flowerpot are 35? 50 cm, depth 30? 40 cm, drenched with root-fixing water, and then sprayed on the topsoil and seedlings with 800 times of 80% mancozeb ultrafine wettable powder 1 time, and the spraying liquid shall be subject to the dripping of plants. The new branch grows to 15 after transplantation? At 20 cm, remove the top 5? 8 cm tender part, and cut off weak branches, leaving 2? Three first-grade branches were applied with special long-acting fertilizer of 80 g/ pot at the same time, and commercial cytokinin1kloc-0/00 times solution and 800 times solution of 80% mancozeb ultrafine wettable powder were sprayed twice, with an interval of 10 d each time to promote the germination of the second-grade branches; When the secondary branch grows to 25? When it is 30 cm, remove the top 8? 12 cm tender branch, and cut off the weak branches of dense parts, leaving 5? Eight secondary branches were simultaneously applied with special long-acting fertilizer 100 g/ pot and commercial gibberellin 1 150 times liquid 1 times; When the branches grow to more than 50 cm, outward layering treatment is carried out; At the same time, according to the wet and dry conditions of the soil in the basin, spray water in time to avoid drought [Huashan anther].
5.2 Promote flowers and fruits
In April every year, the long-acting special fertilizer 150 g/ pot was applied from the second year after the pruning mode of Myrtle was formed. In May, the leaves of Myrtle were sprayed with 0. 10% boric acid and 0. 15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, with an interval of 6 d each time, and the liquid medicine was sprayed according to the dripping situation of the branches and leaves to promote flower bud differentiation. When the fruit of Myrtle grows to more than 0.8 cm in transverse diameter, 0. 15% boric acid and 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution are sprayed on the leaves twice, with an interval of 8 d each time, so as to promote the fruit development and sugar accumulation.
5.3 Pest control
Myrtle is rough and easy to grow, and has strong resistance to pests and diseases, so it rarely appears in cultivation. Occasionally infected with rust, iron rust spots appear on leaves, which can lead to poor growth, but not death. April-June is the infection period. In the susceptible period, the diseased leaves can be found and removed in time, and during this period, carbendazim can be sprayed 800 times to kill germs, which can effectively control the occurrence of diseases. You can also spray 100 times of 50% zinamide solution or 1000 times of 50% acetaminophen solution during the onset period, all of which have certain effects.