Common sense of pseudo-Chinese herbal pieces ppt 1 What are the common methods of counterfeiting Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces?

Traditional Chinese medicine is a special commodity, and ordinary consumers lack the ability to identify the authenticity of medicinal materials and decoction pieces. At present, in addition to hospitals, pharmacies, bazaars and other formal channels, there are also some informal channels, such as street vendors, folk herbalists, visiting doctors, temples, wizards and even liars. People often buy fake and shoddy goods. Although the intensity of counterfeiting is increasing, the phenomenon of counterfeiting of medicinal materials has been investigated and banned, and the means are constantly being refurbished. Some counterfeit products can actually be indistinguishable from the real ones.

moulding

That is, according to the shape of some medicinal materials, they are first made into certain molds and then pressed with other materials. For example, starch and gypsum powder are mixed into the mold to make Cordyceps sinensis, and PVC plastics are melted into the mold to make "silver ring snakes" and "pearls". Some people even use molds to make Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

model

Some items are shaped by knife carving, and then polished, dyed or sewn into a certain shape, posing as genuine medicinal materials. For example, the slender ginseng in the garden is reshaped, posing as ginseng and ginseng; Carving with tuber knife of Rhizoma Curcumae and Rhizoma Bletillae, adding yellow mud and gelatin, polishing, and filling with Radix Notoginseng; Wrap animal muscle, viscera powder, egg yolk, etc. Sewing musk fur into round fur balls to make the fur shell full of musk; Deerskin is used to form multi-branched horns, and the bone glue is filled with velvet antler after molding; Processing eggs, gelatin and other substances into cauliflower-like blocks and filling them with placenta hominis; The hoof nails and plastic of pigs and sheep are shaped and mixed into pangolins.

Dye

Using medicinal materials or articles with similar properties after dyeing, pretending to be genuine. If it is dyed with grape skin and pigment, it will be filled with dogwood; Mixing Radix Dipsaci or Radix Aucklandiae with the same color (brownish red or dark brownish red) as the surface of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and disguised as Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae decoction pieces; Water snakes are painted with white paint or peeled intermittently to fill money, such as white snakes.

smoke

More common in sandalwood fakes. Sandalwood sapwood blocks with no medicinal value can be sprayed and filled with sandalwood, or other hardwood blocks with similar colors can be sprayed and filled with sandalwood.

mix

Mainly sand, dirt, dust, talcum powder, gypsum, alum, salt, sugar and so on. , through various means into authentic herbs. For example, safflower mixed with red brick powder, fine sand or sawdust, scorpion mixed with saline soil, seahorse and scorpion soaked with lime water or sand, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga and pangolin mixed with alum, Lygodium japonicum mixed with fine sand, longan pulp mixed with brown sugar, medulla Tetrapanacis and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli soaked with alum water and salt water, honeysuckle, safflower and chrysanthemum sprayed with syrup, mixed with bean powder, starch or mineral powder, and then "dried".

2. What are the common fraudulent means of Chinese herbal medicines and decoction pieces?

Traditional Chinese medicine is a special commodity, and ordinary consumers lack the ability to identify the authenticity of medicinal materials and decoction pieces. At present, in addition to hospitals, pharmacies, bazaars and other formal channels, there are also some informal channels, such as street vendors, folk herbalists, visiting doctors, temples, wizards and even liars. People often buy fake and shoddy goods.

Although the intensity of counterfeiting is increasing, the phenomenon of counterfeiting of medicinal materials has been investigated and banned, and the means are constantly being refurbished. Some counterfeit products can actually be indistinguishable from the real ones. Molding is to make certain molds according to the shapes of some medicinal materials, and then press them with other materials.

For example, starch and gypsum powder are mixed into the mold to make Cordyceps sinensis, and PVC plastics are melted into the mold to make "silver ring snakes" and "pearls". Some people even use molds to make Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Shaping: Some items are carved with knives, then polished, dyed or sewn into a certain shape, posing as genuine medicinal materials.

For example, the slender ginseng in the garden is reshaped, posing as ginseng and ginseng; Carving with tuber knife of Rhizoma Curcumae and Rhizoma Bletillae, adding yellow mud and gelatin, polishing, and filling with Radix Notoginseng; Wrap animal muscle, viscera powder, egg yolk, etc. Sewing musk fur into round fur balls to make the fur shell full of musk; Deerskin is used to form multi-branched horns, and the bone glue is filled with velvet antler after molding; Processing eggs, gelatin and other substances into cauliflower-like blocks and filling them with placenta hominis; The hoof nails and plastic of pigs and sheep are shaped and mixed into pangolins. Medicinal materials or articles with similar properties are dyed to pretend to be genuine.

If it is dyed with grape skin and pigment, it will be filled with dogwood; Mixing Radix Dipsaci or Radix Aucklandiae with the same color (brownish red or dark brownish red) as the surface of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, and disguised as Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae decoction pieces; Water snakes are painted with white paint or peeled intermittently to fill money, such as white snakes. Smoking is more common among sandalwood fakes.

Sandalwood sapwood blocks with no medicinal value can be sprayed and filled with sandalwood, or other hardwood blocks with similar colors can be sprayed and filled with sandalwood. Doping mainly involves mixing sand, clay, dust, talcum powder, gypsum, alum, salt and sugar into authentic medicinal materials by various means.

For example, safflower mixed with red brick powder, fine sand or sawdust, scorpion mixed with saline soil, seahorse and scorpion soaked with lime water or sand, Eupolyphaga Seu Steleophaga and pangolin mixed with alum, Lygodium japonicum mixed with fine sand, longan pulp mixed with brown sugar, medulla Tetrapanacis and Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli soaked with alum water and salt water, honeysuckle, safflower and chrysanthemum sprayed with syrup, mixed with bean powder, starch or mineral powder, and then "dried".

3. What are the key points of authenticity identification of Chinese herbal pieces?

At present, the traditional Chinese medicine market has gradually changed from the circulation of original medicinal materials to the supply of hospital prescriptions with Chinese herbal pieces.

Drugstores no longer process their own products. Due to the different sources of decoction pieces, counterfeit and inferior drugs appear from time to time, which affects the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine.

In recent years, there are as many as 138 kinds of counterfeit products found in our city. At present, most grass-roots medical units lack inspection instruments for decoction pieces, and experience appraisal is still the main method.

In order to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces and identify the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces more conveniently, quickly and accurately, this paper sorts out the practical experience of 56 years of identification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces by Jiang, a famous Chinese medicine pharmacist in Zhejiang Province, and introduces the identification method of grasping the key points from the authenticity characteristics of decoction pieces.

4. What are the two main situations of fake and shoddy Chinese herbal pieces at present?

One is the pursuit of beautiful appearance.

Beautiful goods are beyond reproach, and beautiful goods can attract customers' attention. But when buying Chinese herbal pieces, don't just look at the appearance of the medicine. It does not mean that the more beautiful the color, the larger the size, the better the shape and the higher the quality.

Nowadays, many Chinese herbal pieces are often smoked with sulfur in pursuit of beauty. For example, the color of bamboo shavings is yellow and dry, but if smoked with sulfur, the color becomes white and full.

The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine fumigated with sulfur must be greatly reduced, and some even produce toxicity. According to reports, some fake Chinese herbal pieces have been extracted before they are used as medicine, and their medicinal value is greatly reduced, but their appearance is better.

Some people will use chemical fertilizer to ripen inferior products in order to pursue greater economic benefits when planting Chinese medicine, which will make them look more beautiful, but the effective components of the medicine are much lower than those of normal drugs. Price affects quality, and the quality of traditional Chinese medicine is also graded. First-class products are the best and natural prices are the highest. Unprocessed ones are also much cheaper than processed ones.

Many friends only look at the price when buying medicine, but advise that too low a price can't guarantee the quality, and the effective ingredients contained in it can't meet the standard. In terms of cost performance, cheap unqualified Chinese medicines are more uneconomical than those expensive ones.

Processing technology is also very important, and some lawless people simply do not follow the processing specifications and cut corners, which seriously affects the efficacy. For example, Epimedium, according to the processing procedure, should be fried with sheep oil, but many people omit this process, or fail to reach the dosage of sheep oil, which leads to the substandard efficacy.

5. Identification of authenticity of commonly used Chinese herbal pieces

Chicken gizzard membrane

1, adulterated. Mainly doped with duck gold, starch and flour.

2. identify. The gold inside the chicken is light, small, brittle and yellow, and the protrusion is obvious after sand ironing; The duck is golden, big, thick, hard and green, and it is not easy to swell after sand ironing. Fake products printed with cooked starch or flour are often mixed with real chicken's gizzard-membrane to cheat and sell. They are one size or two or three, and the color is like chicken gizzards. They are hard and heavy, and they rot easily in water.

Chinese Caterpillar Fungus

1, generally mixed with a wooden stick or iron wire. Some are mixed with a small amount of ground silkworm (Cordyceps sinensis) with similar shape and color.

2. identify. Pull the broken part of Cordyceps by hand to find its camouflage; Non-straight products have small powder, many fibers and thick skin.

scorpion

1, adulterated. In view of the processing characteristics, its adulteration is wet, there is too much salt, and the scorpion has duck stuffing such as metal or cement in its belly.

2. identify. You can directly see the humidity and salt, and you can also see the metal objects in the abdomen to see if the abdomen is uneven. If you pinch your abdomen hard with your hands, you can use magnetic adsorption to check.

Haijinsha

1, red mud powder.

2, the quality is smooth, the fire shines and there is a slight waterfall sound. The adulterated substance is heavy and slightly astringent, and it emits little or no light when burning, and there is no thermal sound. When it is stirred in water, it looks like mud.