Ma Zhiyuan, the masterpiece Autumn in the Han Palace.
Ma Zhiyuan (1250- 132 1), nicknamed "Dongli", was born in the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing). Famous opera writer and Sanqu writer in Yuan Dynasty. There are 0/5 kinds of zaju/kloc, among which Autumn in Han Palace is his masterpiece. Sanqu/kloc-more than 0/20 songs, including Dongli Yuefu series. When I was young, my career was bumpy, and I was a scholar in middle age. He was an official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and later served as the director of the Ministry of Industry in Dadu (now Beijing). In his later years, Ma Zhiyuan was dissatisfied with the current situation, lived in seclusion in the countryside, entertained himself with a cup, and was buried in his ancestral home after his death. From his Sanqu works, we can know that when he was young, he was keen on fame and had the political ambition of "helping the world and taking cloud hands", but he never realized it. After 20 years of wandering, he saw through the shame of life, so he had the idea of retiring from the nymphs and lived a leisurely life as a friend in the forest and an outsider in his later years. Ma Zhiyuan participated in the creation of zaju in his early years and was a major member of Zhenyuan Bookstore. He had contacts with Wang Bocheng, Wang Hua and Li Er, and was one of the famous "Four Masters" at that time. Ma Zhiyuan has been engaged in the creation of zaju for a long time, and his fame is also great, and he is known as the "number one composer". There are 65,438+06 kinds of his works, including Autumn Colors in the Han Palace, Monument to Blessing, The Story of Yueyang Tower, Tears in Shirts, Sleeping in Chen Tuan, Ren Fengzi, Dream of the Huangliangmeng, etc., all of which are his cooperative works with several artists. The most famous is Autumn in Han Palace. Sanqu has Dongli Yuefu. The poem Tianjingsha Qiu Si is well-known, ingenious and natural, with no trace of carving. Known as the "father of Qiu Si", it has been included in the Chinese textbook of the second grade of the Soviet Education Edition. There is a famous comment: "All landscape words are love words."
The style of the work is bold and unrestrained, showing its elegant and melancholy style. Ma Zhiyuan's zaju has beautiful language, and is good at tempering simple and natural sentences into delicate and vivid expressions. Wen Qu is full of strong lyricism and subjectivity. Ma Zhiyuan Sanqu. Expand the field of subject matter and improve the artistic conception. The tone is harmonious and beautiful, the language is simple and generous, and the words that appeal to both refined and popular tastes are beautiful but not rich. Taihe Yin Zhengpu was rated as "the word of Ma Dongli, such as Chaoyang Mingfeng". Its dictionary is elegant and beautiful, comparable to Jing Lingguang Fu's, and it is inspiring. And if the phoenix flies in the sky, how can it talk to every bird? Should be above the hero.
Personal Zaju: There are 15 kinds of Zaju in Ma Zhiyuan, among which there are seven kinds: Tears of Sima Qing in Jiangzhou, Lonely Goose in the Palace, Lonely Dream in Autumn, Three Drunken Yueyang Tower in Lv Dongbin, A Monument of Thunder at Midnight, Three Wind Sons in Ma Danyang, Opening the Altar to Interpret Dreams, and Sleeping in the West Huashan Chen Tuan. Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu works are also famous. A volume of Dongli Yuefu, revenue 104, 17 episodes. The content of his zaju is mainly deified Taoist priests, and all his plays involve stories of Quanzhen religion. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Jia said in his poem: "Fairy horses are among the flowers, and immortals are far away", and "the name is fragrant all over the pear garden". When Ma Zhiyuan was alive, Mongolian rulers began to attach importance to "obeying the Chinese law" and appointed Han literati, but it failed to be universally implemented, which brought a little fantasy and more disappointment to Han literati. In his early years, Ma Zhiyuan was ambitious in his official career. In a group of stray songs, he claimed that "he wrote a poem for the Dragon Family", but it was fruitless for a long time. Later, as a small local official, I was completely dissatisfied and my working hours were probably not long. In such a wasteful experience, he gradually became disheartened. While complaining, he claimed that he had seen through worldly fame and fortune, regarded himself as a hermit and sought liberation in Taoism. Autumn in the Han Palace is Ma Zhiyuan's early work and the most famous of Ma Zhiyuan's zaju, which tells the story of Wang Zhaojun's departure from the fortress and marriage. In history, this incident was originally just that the Han Yuan emperor married the maid-in-waiting to the attached southern Xiongnu Khan as a means of netting, and the records in Hanshu were also very simple. The story of the Southern Xiongnu, however, has joined the story of Zhao Jun's invitation to leave the fortress, and Yuan Di was stunned by his beauty and wanted to stay but could not, making it a story. Later generations' note novels, literati poems and Han folk singing literature all mentioned this matter many times, which greatly improved the historical facts. Ma Zhiyuan's Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty adds fiction to the legend, and writes the relationship between Han and Xiongnu as a weak Han dynasty oppressed by powerful Xiongnu. The reason why Zhaojun went to the fortress was written as Mao Yanshou's unsuccessful bribery, and Zhaojun was vilified in the portrait. After the defeat, he fled to Xiongnu, led the troops to attack and forced Suo Zhaojun; Write Yuan Di as a cowardly, sentimental emperor who deeply loves Wang Zhaojun; Zhaojun's ending is about committing suicide by throwing himself into the river in Heilongjiang at the junction of Han and Xiongnu. In this way, Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty has become a fictional court love tragedy under the pretext of a certain historical background. Autumn in the Han Palace may contain certain national feelings. However, we should pay attention to Ma Zhiyuan's basic attitude towards life, either actively seeking fame under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty or regarding all values as illusory. Therefore, it is inappropriate to overemphasize this aspect. The drama is directly related to real life, which mainly reflects the personal misfortune in the national war. For example, Jin married a princess under the oppression of Mongolia, and his concubines and maids were taken to the north after the death of the Song Dynasty. These contemporary historical facts will give the author a deep feeling. Autumn in the Han Palace is the last play, and the protagonist is the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In the play, the emperor can't dominate himself or keep his beloved woman. Then, the inner feelings that individuals are dominated by fate and bumped by historical changes are even stronger. In fact, Ma Zhiyuan's Han and Yuan emperors also showed more emotions and desires of ordinary people. & lt Han hongqiu > the third discount
Sanqu: Ma Zhiyuan is also a master of Sanqu writing, a master of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, and is known as the "champion of Sanqu". There are more than 30 existing Sanqu/kloc-0. His landscape works, such as Qiu Si, are picturesque and memorable. His works lamenting the world can also vividly express his feelings. Among the writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, he was regarded as the leader of the "bold school". Although he also has elegant works, his language is mainly sparse and bold, and his language combines poetry and spoken language, creating a unique artistic conception of songs.
Characteristics of Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu;
Ma Zhiyuan's Sanqu can be roughly divided into four categories: scenery writing, sighing for the world, boudoir feelings and world images. The author is good at using various rhetorical devices and vivid characters.
Yue Diaosha Author: Ma Zhiyuan withered vines old trees faint crow, bridges flowing people. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
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From a distance, crows at dusk are looking for old vines to inhabit. A closer look shows that there are people living near the small bridge and flowing water. In front of them, there is only a thin horse carrying a wandering wanderer, walking slowly on the ancient autumn wind road. Looking at the afterglow of the sunset, the broken-hearted people wandering outside are wandering around the world.
Appreciate one
Ma Zhiyuan's poem Tianjingsha Qiu Si is called "the ancestor of Qiu Si". The content of the work itself, simple and ordinary, tells the story of the homeless, and at dusk, it is a surprise. Feel it, think it, think it, cry it, cry it. Looking at the bleak breath of Akita, "the faint cry of the old vine", the desolate and withered wormwood, the lonely and withered vine branches, and sometimes the unlucky "faint cry", quack quack quack, the breath of autumn dusk was suddenly involved in the hearts of the poor and homeless. Cold and clear, the location of the small bridge seems to pave the way for travelers and let them sink. Xiu Yuan Xi, Xiu Yuan Xi, career geometry. People with zero thoughts, black scarves and blue shirts, covered in dust, walk alone. "Running water" and "people" seem to be mixed; In Yuanye Wan Li, "flowing water" is the artistic conception, and "others" is a long-cherished wish, but it is difficult to give deep feelings. A pair of sad autumn eyes, out of water, let sadness cross. When the post station fell, the remaining "ancient road" still reached the sky, with fame and fortune, frustrated official career, unbearable sadness, right and wrong, and melted into the bleak "west wind". Thin horse, carrying books, urging travelers, okay? Life is often frustrated, literati are down and out, wandering and displaced. Who knows that this world is not only difficult? In the last paragraph, three sentences, eight words and nine nouns are combined into calligraphy and painting without heavy ink and color, and none of the words are empty and difficult to add. Different landscapes are created seamlessly and harmoniously, which makes people angry. This kind of poem has a harmonious syllable, harmonious scene and infinite beauty, so it has the reputation that "an old vine writes Qiu Si, and there is no room for one person to be redundant", which is true. If there are only these nine nouns, won't they be "laughed at" by future generations? The ingenious combination of groups, with countless melancholy thoughts, a stroke of a turn, the dangers of vagrants, profound artistic conception, jumped out, and a beautiful ancient painting floated in front of us! As the sun sets, "the old vines are faint, the bridges are flowing, and the old roads are thin." The rustling sound is sad and silent, like a voice: "heartbroken people are at the end of the world." Suddenly, people cried, tears were sad and painful, which turned the scene into love, and feelings emerged from the scene, outlining the figure of a sad traveler who was far away from home and wandering alone. "Sad autumn leaves", autumn has aroused people's deep thinking. Time is like a dream, and the past is unforgettable. Ma Zhiyuan was keen on becoming famous, but failed. He wandered for more than 20 years before becoming an official at the age of 50. He didn't like the dark officialdom and lived in seclusion. Qiu Si is one of his works during his wandering. His real experience and anger naturally reveal his dissatisfaction with reality. Learning to eat is useless. Frustration, bitterness, sadness and loneliness are all heartfelt words. You can only spit out the pain with a bald pen. Deep meaning, infinite meaning and endless fun; Hold your head up and your thoughts will flood. It is a scene, a scene, a blend of water and milk, and a background; It is meaning, it is love; Complement and help each other. It is no wonder that Wang Guowei said in "Words on Earth": "The beauty of an article, in a word, is just a realm. Boutique, required reading; Good writing is indispensable. A song "Qiu Si", my heart aches, tears are coming out.
Appreciate II
This is a famous sentence by Ma Zhiyuan, and 28 calligraphy and paintings show a lonely place. This song is heartbroken. The author's lyrical motivation can be seen from the title. In the first two sentences, the old vines make people faint, and the small bridges flow, creating a cold and bleak atmosphere and showing a fresh and quiet realm. The old vines here give people a bleak feeling, and it is already evening. Small bridges and flowing water make people feel relaxed and happy. 12 calligraphy and painting create a quiet pastoral scenery in late autumn. The ancient road became thinner with the west wind, and the poet described a bleak and desolate artistic conception of autumn wind, adding another layer of desolation to the quiet rural map. The setting sun adds a bit of bleak light to this bleak picture and deepens the sad atmosphere. The poet skillfully connects ten plain and objective scenes in series, and naturally puts the poet's infinite worries in the picture through words such as withered, old, light, ancient, western and thin. In the last sentence, heartbroken people are the crowning touch in the horizon. At this time, a wanderer appeared on the picture of the country in late autumn. On the desolate ancient road when the sun sets, he leads a thin horse and walks in the biting autumn wind. It hurts, but he doesn't know where his home is. This poem reveals the poet's sadness and expresses the theme appropriately.
[Lu Nan] Four jade pieces, three wild flowers and three bottles of village wine sigh the world. How can troubles come to mind? Who can strut and eat meat often? Two hectares of land, one cow, rest after eating. Help the country, lead the cloud, and ask for it all the time in your life. You can have a rest at any time. A few pieces of cotton and a piece of silk are warm and peaceful. Travel through the moon, walk on the stars, and eat cold food at home in autumn. Wife and children are fat, but we are thin. Worry on the pillow, immediate worry, and rest after death.
[Double Tone] Shouyang Qu Xiaoxiang night rain fishing lights are dark, guests dream back, and the sound is heartbreaking. Wan Li, the home of a lonely boat, is a tear in the people's market.
[Double Tone] Qu Yan Temple in Shouyang is surrounded by cold smoke at night, the ancient temple is clear and the Buddha's light is quiet near dusk. How to teach the old monk to meditate when the death knell of the west wind rings three or four times? [Double Tone] Outside Qinglanhua Village in Caodian West, Shouyang and Qushan City, the sunset glow and autumn rain are harvested. In the residual photos of the surrounding mountains, the Jinping wind adds greenery. [Double Tone] Qu Yuan's Pufan in Shouyang is dying, and the wine is idle. It's getting late in the cottage, and the fish seller at the end of the broken bridge is scattered.
[Double Carving] Shouyangqu Fishing Village, the sunset glow is ringing and the twilight is shining. Green Di Yang sang several songs and hung several idle nets in Chai Men, all of which were collected on the fishing map.
[Lu Nan] Jade Tiantai Road, the fourth son of herbalism, traveled to Lu 'an, complaining that Liu Lang went down to Tiantai. Where is the spring breeze? Peach blossoms no longer bloom, poor scholar, who told you to come back.
[Lu Nan] Siyu Xunyang River saw Fujian off, and Qiu Jiang ordered the merchant pipa to be heartbroken. Do you know that Sima He is worried about listening? The moon wakes up drunk. The guests woke up at first. [Lu Nan] Four jade horses sleep on Begonia Slope. It's late spring, and they can't wait to see the palm of Ming Chengzu's hand. Nishang is the chaos of the Central Plains. This Yuhuan is not a mountain, so how can we know that the Shu Road is difficult to walk!
[Lu Nan] Siyu Wushan Temple welcomes the dusk rain and sends it to the clouds. The dusk rain goes to the clouds without a shadow. Xiang Dui said balcony dream. The clouds are empty and the rain is empty. How can I get the Twelve Peaks?
[Moon Tune] Qingjiang attracts savages to promote Dongli, which is the master of romantic life and is interesting in the garden. A pillow gourd rack and several rows of poplars. This is a happy and leisure place. [Cantonese tune] Qiu Si, a one-night boat ride, a 100-year-old butterfly dream, looking back. Spring has come today, and the bright flowers have withered. Emergency punishment: the midnight light goes out.
[Qiao Mucha] I miss Hanque and Qin Gong. I graze many cattle and sheep. No, Yu Qiao has nothing to say. Cross-cutting the monument in the grave does not dispute the dragon and snake.
[Qing Xuanhe] How many heroes have been cast in the rabbit hole. Although the feet are strong, they are half folded. What about Wei?
[meifeng] Heaven teaches you to be rich, not too extravagant. It will be a sunny night. Rich kids even say that your heart is like iron and you have failed to live up to the beautiful scenery.
[Wind pine] The sun is red and the west is oblique, and the disease is downhill. There is no doubt that adding snow to the mirror, going to bed and shoes are all different. Don't laugh at bird's nest, you always play dumb in the gourd. 【 Dial constantly 】 fame and fortune, right and wrong. Don't mess with the door in the world of mortals, the green trees should cover the corners, and the green hills should fill the cracks in the walls. Not to mention a thatched cottage.
[Constantly dialing] When the glass is deep, people will be happy. Don't refuse to drink when you meet. You sing, I slowly pour, and Qu Yuan dies peacefully. What's the difference between drunkenness and sobriety?
[Leaving the Pavilion for Dinner] It takes a sleep to stick to it, and everything will not be interrupted when the rooster crows. When is the bus? Look at the ants waiting in line, the bees making honey and the flies fighting for blood. Pei Lv Gong Tang Ye, Ling Tao Bailian Sect, loved Qiu Lai: picking yellow flowers with dew, dividing purple crabs with frost, and cooking wine with red leaves. How many double ninth festivals do you think life has is limited? Someone asked me, urchin reporter: Beihai came to see me, and Daodongli was drunk.
Bai Pu, the masterpiece "Up the Wall at once". Typha Typha (1226-? ) Tai Su,No. Gu Lan; Formerly known as Heng, the word Renfu, he was originally from Australia (now Quwo, Shanxi) and later moved to Zhengding (now Zhengding, Hebei). Father Bai Hua, a former judge of the Privy Council in Jin Dynasty, was also a famous scribe. When Baipu was born, the Jin Dynasty was in jeopardy under the double attack of the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia, and was destroyed by Mongolia in 1989. Bai Pu experienced childhood displacement, and his mother died in the war. When I grow up, my family is reduced and unhappy, and I no longer have any plans to be an official. He refused the recommendation of officials several times and drifted for fifteen years. Settled in Jinling at the age of 55. In his poems and Sanqu, he often shows his yearning for the motherland, his feelings about vicissitudes of life, his sadness about life and his gloomy mood.
Bai Pu was born in a family with a strong literary atmosphere. When I was a teenager, I studied ancient poetry from Yuan Haowen, a famous poet, and I was quite accomplished in traditional literati literature. In the Yuan Dynasty, he was the first writer who devoted himself to drama creation as a celebrity of a literary family. There are 16 kinds of his works, and two of them have been completely preserved: Immediately Climbing the Wall and Wu Tongyu. In addition, the story of the East Wall has been tampered with by the Ming people and is no longer the original appearance; Besides, there are two scripts with lyrics left. From the content, Bai Pu's zaju is mostly about men and women.
Zheng Guangzu, whose real name is Dehui, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi). His life story is briefly recorded in Ghost Record, which says that he "supplemented Hangzhou Road Officials with Confucianism". People are straightforward and don't make friends with others. Therefore, many men despise them. After a long time, they will see their kindness, which is unmatched by others. He died of illness and was cremated in Lingzhi Temple in West Lake. Every traveler has his own poem. What the public did, I won't go into details, and it is famous all over the world. Linglun people call it' Mr. Zheng' and everyone calls it Dehui. " Zheng Guangzu is one of the most outstanding writers in the second phase of Yuan Zaju, and he is also known as "the Four Masters of Yuan Qu" with Guan Hanqing, Ma Zhiyuan and Bai Pu. There are eight kinds of zaju 18, such as "Away from the Soul", "Fragrance of Crepe Plum", "Wang Can Climb the Tower", "Yi Yin Hold the Soup", "Duke Zhou Regent", "Three Wars Lyu3 bu4", "Broken Chain Without Salt" and "Laojuntang". Among them, Away from the Soul is his masterpiece, a love drama, based on tang legends, which has a certain influence on the Peony Pavilion written by Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty. Good at writing, Zhu Quan rated him as "the jewel of nine days" in the early Ming Dynasty. Wang Shifu, a famous Dexin, was a great man. His birth and death years and life stories are unknown, and his masterpiece The West Chamber.
Yue Bochuan, a native of Jinan, talks about Zhenjiang. Life story is unknown. He wrote two kinds of zaju, Tie Guai Li and Yang Guifei, and now there is a Tie Guai Li.
Li Shouqing is from Taiyuan. He used to be a general and then a county magistrate. There are ten kinds of zaju, two of which are: cooking Xiao in the Dance Garden and cooking in Liu Du. Jia's inscription for it said that it "spread widely to Yanfu, 400 States, and gained a brothel with a fragrant name." It shows that his plays were widely circulated at that time and won the respect of brothel artists.
Li Ganfu was born in Jiangzhou (now Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province). Jia Gua said in a poem: "Jiangzhou is a high-ranking Tibetan Li Gongqian, who is covered by a reading door." Green mountains, green waters and white clouds are nothing. Insert toothpicks in the slender library to study the points of Zhouyi, including salt. It can be seen that Li Ganfu was a hermit in the early Yuan Dynasty, and what he wrote was a kind of "grey orchid", which exists today.
Shi Zizhang was born in Liucheng (now Chaoyang, Liaoning). After Shi Jin, he went to the Western Regions. Make friends with Yuan Haowen. There are two kinds of zaju, Rain on the Bamboo Window and Listening to the Qin in the Bamboo Dock, and there is another kind of Listening to the Qin in the Bamboo Dock.
Georgie, also known as Georgie Jifu, is a dream symbol, and is called Hesheng. Also known as Taoist priest. Taiyuan people. Live in front of Taiyi Palace in Hangzhou. He died in the fifth year of Zheng Zheng (1345). He has been wandering the rivers and lakes for more than 40 years, "claiming not to lift the rivers and lakes." Forget about fairies. "(double tone, Guangxi fold sequence" readme "). There are eleven kinds of zaju, including Yangzhou Dream, Marriage of Two Generations and Money Story, all of which are comedies with the theme of love between men and women. Georgie is also a drama theorist. His "phoenix head, pig belly and leopard tail" and "beautiful beginning, mighty middle and loud ending" (see Tao's "Record of Dropping out of Farming in Nancun") have great influence in the history of ancient opera theory.
Jin, whose name is Zhifu, is from Hangzhou. He used to be an official of Chongning Jiankang (Nanjing) and wrote seven kinds of zaju. Today, there are two kinds of offenders and chasing Han Xin.
Qin, a native of Hangzhou, later moved to Hangzhou. Life story is unknown. There are five kinds of zaju, including Rangfa, Dong Tanglao and haircut for entertaining guests. Most of the content is to promote feudal ethics, while Wen Qu is more natural. Zhu Quan evaluated it as a "lonely cliff". (Taihe Yin Zhengpu)
Zhou was born in Jiande (now Zhejiang) and later moved to Hangzhou. "If you know widely, you must be clever", "Ming Diao, homophonic method" (Ghost Record Book). Once a small official, he crossed with Zhong Sicheng and died in middle age. There are four kinds of zaju, but only Su Wu Back to Korea has a 20% discount.
Andy, a native of Haiyan (present-day Zhejiang), was a doctor in Chiayi and general manager of Hangdao. Three works, Huo Guang's ghost admonition, Yu Rang Tun Tan, and Zun De Bu Fu Lao, have been preserved to this day.
Xiao Dexiang, a famous Tian Rui, was born in Hangzhou. Take medicine as a profession. He is a zaju writer and an actor of Southern Opera. There are five kinds of zaju and Nanju.
Zhu Kai, the word Shikai. He was an official in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and made a good deal with Zhong Si. There are two kinds of works, Haotian Pagoda and Yellow Crane Tower, which have been preserved to this day.
Zhong Sicheng, a native of Hangzhou, was born in Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). Tired of trying. There are seven kinds of zaju, all of which have been lost. The Ghost Book compiled by him records the biographies and scripts of zaju writers and some Sanqu writers in the Yuan Dynasty, which is an important material for studying zaju in the Yuan Dynasty.
Luo Guanzhong, whose real name is scattered in the lake and sea. Qiantang people once wrote the historical novel The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms. There are three kinds of zaju, one of which is Fengyunhui.
Gu was born in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he served as a judge of the Privy Council, and at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he guarded Yuanzhou. There are five kinds of zaju, one of which is "South Willow".
Yang Ne, a Mongolian, was surnamed Yang from her brother-in-law, named Siam, and later renamed Ne, named Jingxian and Ruzhai. Good at playing pipa and joking. Fifty years of fellowship with Jia. There are eighteen kinds of zaju, among which Liu Hangshou and Journey to the West are two kinds.
Li Sheng was in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, he served as the propaganda ambassador of Huainan Province, and wrote two kinds of books: Wutongye and Pear Blossom Dream. Today, there is a plane tree leaf.
Wang Ziyi, his life story is unknown. There are four kinds of zaju, one of which is "straying into the rooftop".
Liu Dui is from Zhejiang, and his name is Dongsheng. Life story is unknown. There is a play called "The Story of Jiao Hong", which has been handed down to this day.
Jia was born in Zichuan (now Zibo, Shandong Province) and later moved to Lanling (now southeast of Zaozhuang, Shandong Province). Born in the third year of Yuan Dynasty (1343), he died in the twentieth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1422). When Zhu Li established a prince in Jinling, Jia lived in Jinling and was favored by Zhu Li because of his acrobatics. "Every banquet must be made, and all are praised" (continued from Ghost Book). There are sixteen kinds of zaju, including Jade Comb, Bodhisattva Man, Dream of Immortal Ascension, Jin Anshou and Jade Pot Spring. The other said that he also wrote "Pedu also brought it".
Zhu Quan, Mr. Qu Xian, Mr. Han and Mr. Dan Qiu were born in the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378) and died in the 13th year of Ming Dynasty (1448). He is the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. In the 24th year of Hongwu (139 1), it was sealed in Daning (now Inner Mongolia) and renamed Nanchang in the first year of Yongle (1403). After his death, he died, and the world called him Ning. There are twelve kinds of zaju, two of which are Chong Mo Zi and Zhuo Wenjun. Another author is Taihe Yin Zhengpu, which is the first complete score of the Northern Opera in the history of China opera.
Zhu Youdun, whose name is Cheng Zhai, Quan adopted son and Quan raised Weng, was named Quan raised Taoist Master, Liang Yuanke and Lao Kuangsheng, and in his later years, he was named Jin Zhen Old Man. He is the fifth son of Zhu Yuanzhang and the eldest son of Zhou and Zhu Su. Born in the 12th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1379), Hongxi attacked Zhou Wang in the first year (1425) and died in four years (1439). Wang Xian. Be able to compose poems and rhymes. There are thirty-one kinds of zaju, the total name of which is Chengzhai Yuefu, which exists in the world.