1. An artificial organ refers to a material that can be implanted into the human body or can contact with biological tissues or biological fluids; Or materials with natural organs, tissues or partial functions, such as artificial heart valves, artificial blood vessels, artificial kidneys, artificial joints, artificial bones, artificial tendons, etc. It is usually considered as an implantable medical device. Artificial organs are mainly divided into mechanical artificial organs, semi-mechanical semi-physical artificial organs and biological artificial organs. 1 species refers to the imitation of organs with polymer materials, which usually have no biological activity; The second refers to the combination of electronic technology and biotechnology; The third refers to artificially "manufacturing" organs through pure biological methods such as stem cells. Biomedical polymer materials are mainly used in 1 artificial organs.
At present, orthopedics occupies about 38% market share of implantable medical devices; Followed by 36% in the cardiovascular field; Wound care and plastic surgery are about 8% respectively. Artificial bone reconstruction occupies more than 365,438+0% of the orthopedic product market, and the main products are artificial knee joint, artificial hip joint and bone bioactive materials. The main biomedical polymer materials are polymethyl methacrylate, high density polyethylene, polysulfone, poly (L- lactic acid), glycolic acid polymer, liquid crystal self-reinforced polylactic acid, self-reinforced polyglycolic acid and so on. In cardiovascular products, stents account for more than half of the market except peripheral vascular catheter transplantation, vascular access devices and heartbeat pacemakers.
At present, all countries have realized the important value of artificial organs, increased research and development, and made some progress. 20 15 researchers from Cornell university in the United States have developed a light and flexible material and are going to use it to make artificial hearts. In China, the 3D printed artificial hip joint product has been registered and approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), which is also the first 3D printed human implant in China.
The future development trend of artificial organs is the materials and implant devices that induce the regeneration of damaged tissues or organs. The development trend of artificial bone preparation is to combine bioactive substances with matrix substances to promote the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bioactive substances. The development trend of vascular biological scaffold is polymer * * * mixed technology, such as sodium alginate/chitosan, collagen/chitosan, collagen/agarose, chitosan/gelatin, chitosan/polycaprolactone, polylactic acid/polyethylene glycol and other systems.
2. Medical Plastics Medical plastics are mainly used for blood transfusion instruments, syringes, cardiac catheters, central venous cannulas, peritoneal dialysis tubes, cystostomy tubes, medical adhesives, various medical catheters, medical membranes, wound dressings and various surgical and nursing supplies. Injection molding products are the most variety of medical plastic products.
At present, the medical plastics market accounts for about 10% of the global medical device market, and maintains an average annual growth rate of 7% ~ 12%. Statistics show that each person in the United States spends $300 a year in the field of medical plastic surgery, while China only has 30 yuan, which shows that the development potential of medical plastic surgery in China is very great.
After years of development, China's medical plastic products industry has made great progress. According to the statistics of China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Medicines and Health Products, in the first half of 20 15, disposable consumables such as gauze, bandages, medical catheters, cotton wool, chemical fiber disposable or medical nonwovens, syringes, and low-end diagnosis and treatment devices became major exporters of medical devices in China. However, we must also clearly realize that the development level of medical plastics in China is still relatively backward. The raw materials of medical plastics are incomplete, the production quality standards are not standardized, and the innovation ability of new technologies and new products is weak, which leads to the import of some high-end raw materials mainly for high-end products needed in China.
At present, all countries have realized the important value of medical plastics, increased their research and development efforts, and made some progress. In 20 15, Claremont clinic in London, England took the lead in plastic lens transplantation, which can not only treat hyperopia or myopia, but also restore the vision of patients with cataract and astigmatism. Sumitomo Demag Company introduced POM gear microinjection equipment, which plays an important role in new cataract surgical instruments. Milliken has developed a technology that can improve the moisture resistance and oxidation resistance of over-the-counter and health care plastic bottles by 30%. MHT Mould Hot Runner Technology Co., Ltd. has developed a pet blood test tube, the mass of which is less than 4g, which is superior to the glass test tube. Rollprint cooperated with TOPAS Advanced Polymer Materials Company to adopt cycloolefin * * * polymer as a substitute for polyacrylonitrile resin to meet the harsh medical standards; Tenor Eppes, an American compound manufacturer, introduced a rigid PVC to replace PC materials used in transparent medical components, such as connectors, check valves, Y-joints, sleeves, luer connectors, filters, drippers and covers, and sample containers.
The development trend of medical plastics in the future is to develop medical plastics that can tolerate various disinfection methods, improve the blood compatibility and histocompatibility of existing medical plastics, and develop new plastic products for treatment, diagnosis, prevention and health care.