Planting method and propagation method of camphor tree
It is mainly used for sowing and propagation, and rarely used for cutting propagation.
(1) sow and propagate the fruit from green to black in June of 5438+00, then collect the seeds, pile them up for several days, rub off the pulp, wash and dry them, and then sow them, or store them in wet sand until February and March of the following spring. Before sowing, soak the seeds at 0. 5% potassium permanganate solution is disinfected for 2 hours, then the seeds are soaked in warm water at 50℃ for 3 ~ 4 days to accelerate germination, and then the seeds are drilled after turning white. The row spacing is 500px, the depth of sowing ditch is 2 ~ 75px, and the width is 125px. After sowing, cover the soil with 1 ~ 37.5px and germinate in 20 ~ 30 days. When the seedlings have 2-5 true leaves, thinning seedlings and cutting roots in parallel; When the height of seedlings is about 10 cm, seedlings should be fixed, and the spacing between plants is about 10 cm. Timely intertillage and weeding in seedling stage, timely topdressing in summer, and paying attention to keeping the soil moist, and paying attention to setting up wind barriers to prevent cold in winter; In that year, the seedling height can reach 50 ~ 50~ 1500px, and the ground diameter can reach more than17.5px..
(2) Cutting propagation: in the middle and late August, semi-lignified branches of 1 ~ 2-year-old Cinnamomum camphora seedlings were selected as cuttings. The cutting length is 10 ~ 15 cm, leaving 2 ~ 3 leaves at the top, cutting off others, cutting the lower part flat at the base of lateral buds, and soaking in rooting agent solution with 50 ~ 100 times of liquid 1 ~ 2 hours. The cutting substrate should be river sand and have shading conditions. The cutting depth of the cuttings is 2 ~ 75px, slightly compacted after cutting, and watered with 50% water permeability and shade at the same time, keeping the substrate moist, but not too waterlogged, spraying water several times a day, l spraying water to the extent that the leaves are covered with small drops of water, not too much. The temperature is about 28℃ and the humidity is above 95%.
Plastic trimming
Gao Qian's natural oval, wide oval to oblate are often used for camphor trees. Cinnamomum camphora has strong germination ability and pruning resistance. Because of its weak seedling dryness, many branches germinate, which affects the growth of trunk, it can be densely planted or budded in time to speed up the cultivation of straight stem. The trunk height of Cinnamomum camphora varies according to the requirements of courtyard trees and street trees, which is generally 2.2 ~ 3.2m Then, 3 ~ 5 main branches with different J directions and uniform distribution are selected as main branches, and 2 ~ 3 lateral branches are selected on each main branch to make the crown develop naturally. After the main branch is cultivated, remove the plastic belt and support the branch properly. In addition, if the branch point of camphor tree as a street tree is too low, the lower skeleton branches can be removed year by year, generally one branch at a time is better.
Conventional cultivation management
Cinnamomum camphora seedlings generally need to be transplanted 1 ~ 2 times, and the first transplanting is carried out in rainy season. When moving, the main roots of seedlings should be kept at 10 ~ 15 cm, and the lateral roots should be kept with more soil. The second transplanting should be carried out in the spring or autumn of the following year, with soil balls, as little as possible damage to the root system, and appropriate leaf cutting and thinning. After several years of planting, buds can be picked properly to promote the growth of trunk. Fertilize properly in the second to fifth year after planting, apply base fertilizer in winter and spring, and apply manure 15 ~ 20kg per plant. When the source of manure is insufficient, efficient cake fertilizer can be used instead, and manure 1.0- 15~20kg can be applied to each plant. Nitrogen fertilizer can be applied appropriately in the early stage of the peak growth period. After the fifth year, topdressing should be continued according to soil fertility and growth. Common diseases include powdery mildew and black spot at seedling stage, and pests include Cinnamomum camphora, Cerambycidae, Plasmodium, etc. Pay attention to timely prevention and control.
Management technology of camphor tree planting 1, planting time
Generally, it is planted from mid-March to mid-April, and spring buds will germinate. Replanting can be done in the rainy season. September is suitable for autumn. Winter plants can also be planted in places with less frost or more rainfall in winter. Planting should be timely, that is, the trimmed camphor tree seedlings should be planted immediately. If the transportation distance is far away, the root pile should be wrapped with wet grass and plastic film to keep it moist. The best planting time is before 1 1 am or after 16 pm. In winter, just avoid the coldest days.
Step 2 plant
Planting holes should be excavated according to general technical regulations, and the depth, length and width of the holes should reach 50 ~ 60 cm. Base fertilizer should be applied to the pit bottom and paved with fine soil cushion, and the planting soil should be loose and fertile. Topdressing of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings should be removed, and the planting depth should be equal to the root diameter of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings. When planting, the mulch soil should be closely connected with the hole soil, and the hanging space will be formed if the soil is not tight. Plant careful saplings in the planting holes, then insert the soil after filling, and continue to fill the top of the holes. Finally, make a cofferdam around the seedlings to stop water.
Step 3: Irrigation
After planting camphor tree seedlings, water them immediately. For camphor tree seedlings with soil balls, stir the soil around the tree hole with iron bars or wooden sticks to fill it with water. Be careful not to damage the earth cofferdam when injecting water. The earth cofferdam should be filled with water, so that the water can slowly soak the planting holes. In order to further improve the survival rate of colonization, auxin can be added to the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots.
4. Special technical treatment
In the process of transplanting, in order to keep the humidity of camphor tree trunk and reduce the transpiration of bark water, the trunk should be soaked with straw rope and wrapped to the top of the trunk, and if the branches are large, they should be wrapped. Then, the prepared clay mud is thickly covered on the trunk wrapped with straw rope. In the future, you can often spray water on the trunk with a sprayer to keep it moist. After the big camphor tree is dug out, it is necessary to trim the broken roots, broken roots and dead roots, and then soak the roots with clay mud after cutting; If 0.03% sodium acetate auxin is added to the mud, it can promote the growth of new roots of Cinnamomum camphora after transplanting.
5, management and maintenance
Because camphor trees are planted out of season, it is necessary to strengthen maintenance and management after planting camphor trees. Pay attention to watering at ordinary times and master watering? If you don't do it, you will fall completely. Principle; It is also necessary to spray clean water on the ground and camphor leaves regularly to increase air humidity and reduce plant transpiration.
4. The diameter of the transplanting hole should be greater than 1/3 of the soil ball of camphor tree, the depth should be the soil ball, and the roots should be flush with the ground. L after the tree is planted, fill the gap with fine soil and tamp it with a thick stick. When it is short 10-20 cm, water it, let it absorb water, and then fill in the remaining soil until the base of the trunk becomes steamed bread.