Scientific name: Phyllostachys pubescens
Nicknames: Penglai Banana, Tielan, Camptotheca acuminata, Turtle Back Banana, Silk Lotus and Dragon Palm.
Family: Araceae
Genus: Phyllostachys pubescens [edit this paragraph] Distribution Phyllostachys pubescens is native to the tropical rain forest of Mexico and is widely introduced and cultivated in China. [Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics Bambusa bambusa is semi-tendril-shaped, with thick stems and many bamboo nodes, hence the name Bambusa bambusa; There are long, drooping brown aerial roots on the stem, which can climb to other things and grow upwards. Thick leathery leaves, alternate, dark green or green; Young leaves heart-shaped, without perforation. After growing up, the leaves are rectangular, with irregular pinnate deep cracks, and holes are cracked from the leaf margin to the veins, such as tortoise shell lines; Petiole; 30-50 cm long, dark green, with leaf scars; There are bracts in leaf scars, leathery, yellow and white. Flower-like Buddha flame, pale yellow. Fruit is edible. There is also a variegated leaf variety in cultivation. The dark green leaves have a large area of irregular white spots, which is very beautiful. [Edit this paragraph] Growth habit
Potted bamboo is usually based on humus soil, garden soil and river sand. When planting, a small amount of bone meal and dried cow dung are added as base fertilizer. It likes humidity and needs enough water during its growth, so it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist frequently. When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed on the leaves to keep the air moist, which is beneficial to the growth of branches and leaves and the brightness of the leaves. You can gradually reduce the amount of watering in autumn and winter. Phyllostachys pubescens is a flower that likes fertilizer. In order to make it grow vigorously, dilute liquid fertilizer is applied twice a month from April to September, and it is pleasant when it is full of leaves. During the growing period, we should pay attention to shading and avoid direct sunlight, especially in midsummer, which is easy to cause the leaves to burn and affect the ornamental value. Brown spot sometimes occurs on the leaves of Phyllostachys pubescens, so topaz or carbendazim should be sprayed in time to prevent the spread of the disease.
This species is a poisonous plant included in China Botanical Atlas Database. Its toxicity is that the juice is irritating and corrosive, and skin contact causes pain and burns. When the inflorescence is mature, it is a big fleshy fruit with a strong pleasant fragrance. Frozen pulp can be used as a drink, but immature pulp is needle-like crystal of calcium oxalate, which will burn your tongue if you eat it. [Edit this paragraph] Overview Phyllostachys pubescens, also known as Penglai banana, Yunnan orchid and Turtle taro, belongs to Phyllostachys pubescens of Araceae. The leaves are strange and broken, much like the back of a turtle. The stems are thick like arhat bamboo, dark brown aerial roots, criss-crossing and shaped like wire. Its leaves are green all year round, and it is extremely resistant to shade. It is a famous indoor large potted foliage plant. Tortoise shell bamboo is commonly used in potted plants in Europe, America and Japan to decorate rooms and windowsills, which is more common. In addition to potted plants, South American countries such as Brazil, Argentina and Mexico in Central America often plant bamboo on balconies or beside buildings, so that bamboo can grow on scaffolding or stick on walls and become excellent vertical greening materials.
Since the early 1980s, a large number of bamboos have been imported from the United States, and potted seedlings have been deeply loved by the masses, resulting in "bamboo fever". Today, large potted bamboo has become the main backbone material in the hotel lobby. Southern snake column bonsai sells well all over the country and becomes one of the fist products of foliage plants in Guangdong. Dazhu has entered thousands of households. [Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics and varieties Phyllostachys pubescens is an evergreen vine. The stems are stout. Young leaves are heart-shaped, nonporous, broadly ovoid when they grow up, pinnately parted, with oval perforations between veins, long petiole and dark green. Buddha's flame inflorescence, Buddha's flame bud boat-shaped, 165438+ October flowering, pale yellow. Small Var.minima is widely cultivated, and its leaves are only 8 cm long. Marmorata has light green leaves and yellow-green stripes on the mask. White-headed bamboo (Albo-Variegata) has dark green leaves with milky white stripes. Its stems and leaves are particularly creeping.
A common ornamental plant is M. Fridrichsthalii, whose leaves are oval and dark green, and there is an oval window hole between the middle rib and the leaf edge, and the distance from the outer edge of the window hole to the leaf edge is slightly wider. A large species, M. epipremnoides, has leaves as thick as vines, 70 ~ 80 cm long and dark green. M. Standleyana has an oval leaf with a length of 15 ~ 20cm, a blunt base, a dark green leaf, a wide and flat petiole and a wing length of 10 ~ 30cm. Mr. Stan Delaine Koff. Variegata has dark green leaves with milky white spots or stripes. Obliqua has long oval leaves and a dull base. Phyllostachys pubescens (M. Obliguavar, expilfa) has long oval leaves, blunt base, a large number of windows and a large window area. In addition, there are puffballs and puffballs. [Edit this paragraph] Biological characteristics Bambusa bambusa is native to Mexico. Usually epiphytic on tall banyan trees in tropical rain forests. Like warm and humid environment, avoid strong light and dryness. The optimum temperature for growth is 20 ~ 25℃, and the temperature at night in winter is not lower than 10℃. Mature plants can tolerate 5℃ for a short time, and freezing injury is easy to occur below 5℃. When the temperature rises above 32℃, the growth stops. In summer, water should be sprayed frequently, air humidity should be kept high, and leaves should be kept clean to facilitate photosynthesis. In the growing period, plants grow rapidly, so the cultivation space should be spacious, otherwise it will affect the extension of stems and leaves and cannot show the beauty of leaf shape. Potted soil requires a slightly acidic loam with rich and loose soil, high water absorption and good water retention, and humus soil or peat soil is often the best. [Edit this paragraph] Propagation method Big bamboo is often used for sowing, cutting and ramet propagation.
Sowing and propagation: Phyllostachys pubescens blooms in summer. In order to improve the seed setting rate, artificial pollination is needed, and the second pollination at 9 ~ 10 in the morning and 3 ~ 4 in the afternoon is the best, and the pollination success rate is high. It takes 15 months from pollination to seed maturity. Pay attention to ventilation and fertilizer and water management in the seed development stage to promote full fruiting. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 40℃ warm water for 10 hour, and sterilize the sowing soil at high temperature. Phyllostachys praecox has large seeds and can be planted as needed. After sowing, the room temperature is kept at 20 ~ 25℃, the box mouth is covered with plastic film, and the humidity is kept above 80%. Generally, it germinates 20 ~ 25 days after sowing. If the room temperature is too low when sowing, it will not only affect the emergence of seedlings, but even cause waterlogging and rot of seeds.
Cutting propagation: stem node cutting can be used in spring and autumn, and the cutting effect is the best in April-May in spring and 9-65438+1October in autumn. Therefore, the temperature in this period is suitable for stem segments to heal and take root, and the survival rate is fast. When the cuttings are 20 ~ 25 cm long, select annual lateral branches with full stem tissue and vigorous growth, cut off the basal leaves, keep the upper leaflets, cut off the long aerial roots and keep the short aerial roots, which is beneficial to water absorption and rooting. The mixed substrate of coarse sand and peat or humus soil is used as bed planting. After colonization, the temperature is kept at 25 ~ 27℃ and the air humidity is high, and it takes about 1 month to take root. After the cuttings take root, the axillary buds on the stem nodes also begin to germinate and spread the leaves. In order to accelerate the growth of seedlings, the indoor temperature should be kept above 65438 00℃ and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened. The seedlings can be made into commodities in the second year after cutting. If you need to hang ornaments, you can prepare a wooden or iron container, which is filled with palm bark, covered with fertile humus soil, and planted with rooted and survived tortoise-backed bamboo as a pot hanging commodity.
Propagation by ramets: In summer and autumn, large-scale lateral branches of Phyllostachys pubescens are cut off with some aerial roots and planted directly in wooden barrels or bowls, which not only has high survival rate, but also has fast forming effect.
1980 In Denmark, shoot tips and axillary buds of Phyllostachys pubescens were used as explants for tissue culture and propagation. Callus and adventitious buds began to grow in MS medium containing 10mg/L 6- benzylamino adenine and 2 mg/L indoleacetic acid at 30℃ for 6 weeks. Then, the adventitious buds were transferred to MS medium containing 2 mg/L indoleacetic acid in a triangular flask and induced to take root for 4 ~ 6 weeks. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation management The cultivation of Phyllostachys pubescens is easy. In order to shorten the growth cycle and improve the ornamental effect, the following points should be paid attention to during maintenance:
Afraid of strong light. Phyllostachys pubescens is a typical shade-tolerant plant. Large-scale production must be equipped with shading facilities, and 50% shading nets can be used, especially for sowing seedlings and newly cut seedlings. Avoid direct sunlight to avoid burning the leaves. Attention should also be paid to shading in midsummer, otherwise the leaves will age and lack natural luster, which will affect the ornamental value.
Afraid of air drying. Phyllostachys pubescens naturally grows in the tropical rain forest, and likes humidity. However, the accumulated water in potted soil will also make the roots rot, make the plants stop growing, and the leaves droop and lose luster, and the leaves are uneven. The principle of watering should be "rather wet than dry", and the soil in the basin should always be wet, but there should be no water accumulation. Water it every 2 ~ 3 days in spring and autumn 1 time. In midsummer, in addition to watering every day, water should be sprayed many times to keep the leaves fresh, and water should be sprayed frequently for hanging cultivation. In winter, the evaporation of leaves is weakened, so the amount of watering should be reduced.
Apply thin fertilizer frequently. Phyllostachys praecox is a fertilizer-tolerant foliage plant. In order to grow more new leaves with green color and natural luster, apply 1 time every half month during the growth period, and be careful not to let the fertilizer liquid pollute the leaves. At the same time, the roots of Phyllostachys pubescens are tender, so avoid applying raw fertilizer and thick fertilizer to avoid burning the roots. It is better to use "Huiyou" 20-8-20 four-season high nitrate potassium fertilizer and 20-20-20 common fertilizer, which is more beneficial to the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens.
Need to be bound and shaped. Phyllostachys pubescens is a large foliage plant with thick stems and large leaves. Especially when it is divided into plants, a binding frame should be set to avoid lodging deformation. Remove the pending rear bracket. At the same time, when the leaves of the stem nodes grow too densely and the branches are too long after setting, attention should be paid to pruning the whole plant to make it natural and beautiful. Pest control scale insects are the most common pests in Phyllostachys praecox. A small amount can be cleaned with an old toothbrush and sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times. Common diseases include leaf spot, gray spot and stem blight, and 65% zineb wettable powder can be sprayed 600 times. [Edit this paragraph] Postpartum treatment of Phyllostachys pubescens has become a favorite indoor foliage plant because of its peculiar leaves, bamboo-like stems and long aerial roots. At the same time, Phyllostachys pubescens is particularly shade-resistant, decorative and evergreen, which creates the best conditions for configuration and placement. So it is suitable for interior decoration, exhibition hall and subway. In the southern gardens, it is very natural and generous to plant it scattered in the crevices and gullies beside the pool.