1 Advantages of cuttage seedling raising
Camellia oleifera cuttings use branches and leaves of Camellia oleifera, which are easy to obtain and can save a lot of oil seeds. The tree shape, fruit maturity, leaf color, leaf shape, fruit color, fruit shape and size of plants cultivated by cutting with the same mother plant are relatively consistent. Cutting afforestation bears fruit 2~3 years earlier than seedling afforestation. Cutting seedling raising technology is simple and easy to master, and the seedling rate is high. This is an economical seedling raising method, which has been widely used in camellia oleifera production.
2 Types and methods of cutting
2. 1 short spike cutting. This method is suitable for a large number of seedlings. Cutting branches should generally choose 10-year-old excellent mother trees with good growth, rich yield and no pests and diseases. Cut lignified shoots, 3~5cm long, wipe off flower buds, leave 1 leaf at the top, cut the base into horse ear shape, and cut the mouth flat and smooth. When inserting, first insert a hole in the soil with an iron nail, and then insert 2/3 of the cutting into the soil, so that the petiole and axillary bud are exposed from the soil surface to avoid scratching the lower incision. After insertion, gently press the soil with your fingers and spray water to make the cutting surface of the cutting closely connected with the soil. The plant spacing is 5cm× 20cm.
2.2 cut the bud. Choose 5~ 15-year-old healthy Camellia oleifera, and pick leaves at the outer edge of the well-lit tree, preferably at the crown of 1/3. The apical leaf tissue is tender and easy to die after insertion, so it is not suitable for use. Winter leaves are inserted in spring and annual leaves are inserted in summer and autumn. When inserted, a leaf has axillary buds, and the leaf base is slightly woody or woody. Blade inserted obliquely, buried 1/3. The insertion distance is 3~6cm. When cutting in spring and autumn, the leaves face south; When harvesting in summer, the leaves face north. After inserting, press the soil tightly by hand and water it to make the leaf surface closely connected with the soil.
3 cutting time
3. 1 spring insertion. In February and March, before the axillary buds of Camellia oleifera germinate, select 1 year-old robust branch buds to cut on excellent Camellia oleifera plants. In spring, the temperature rises day by day, the soil temperature rises, there is much rainfall and the air humidity is high, which is beneficial to cuttings to take root and shoot. The unfavorable factors in spring are spring cold and spring drought. Spring sprouts first and then takes root. It takes 1.5~2 months for buds to take root after transplanting. Short spike mowing, after mowing 1 month.
3.2 summer insertion. Select spring shoots with intact axillary buds and semi-lignified cuttings. In May and June, the temperature is high and the humidity is high, and it can take root about 20 days after transplanting.
3.3 Insert in autumn and insert in winter. The seedling rate of cutting in open field in autumn and winter is low. Cuttings should be carried out in hotbeds or greenhouses.
4. How to use cutting agent
4. 1 low concentration soaking branch treatment method. Bundle the cut cuttings into bundles, arrange them neatly in a porcelain washbasin, pour the prepared liquid medicine, soak the cuttings for 1~2cm, cover them with gauze, soak them for 12 ~ 24 hours, take out the cuttings, rinse them with clear water, and then cut them.
4.2 High-concentration impregnation cutting treatment method. 20 mg of indolebutyric acid was dissolved in 10 ml of 95% alcohol to make 2000 mg/kg alcohol solution. Soak the base of the cuttings in the chemical solution 1s, take them out to dry, and then cut them. Or 20mg IBA is added into 10g talcum powder to make 2000mg/kg powder, and a thin layer is dipped in the base of cuttings to make cuttings.
5 Selection and arrangement of nursery land
Nursery land is generally acidic or slightly acidic sandy loam with fertile soil, convenient watering and low groundwater level, so it is best to choose a cool and small environment. Pig manure and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be properly applied to the nursery. Generally, 2000 kilograms of pig manure or 500 kilograms of decomposed cake fertilizer are applied per mu, and clods are broken 2-3 times to remove grass roots and stones. According to the topography and landforms, a sun bed should be built. Bed width 1~ 1.5m and height 15~20cm are convenient for management and drainage. The bed surface should be flat to avoid ventilation at the bottom after cutting, which will affect the survival of cuttings. The bed surface is evenly paved with 5cm thick screened yellow core soil or semi-weathered purple sandstone sand, which is compacted and leveled as cutting soil. In order to prevent soil particles from splashing on leaves when sprinkling water, a thin layer of coarse sand is spread on the cut bed surface. Nursery should build a shade shed with a height of 30~50cm. Curtains can be made of bamboo, reed, straw, etc. You can also use high-legged handkerchiefs, pine branches and other plant branches for shade. 40%~50% light transmission is appropriate.
6 management of cutting seedlings
Water the cuttings in time after cutting, so that the cuttings can be closely combined with the soil. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 1 time after insertion. After the cuttings take root, in case of long-term drought and little rain, or overgrown with weeds, loosen the soil in time to weed, and don't touch the cuttings when loosening the soil. Applying dilute human excrement and urine to promote seedling growth. If soft rot and other pests and diseases are found, we should treat them early, early and early. Cutting seedlings have shallow roots, tender branches and leaves, and are vulnerable to freezing injury in winter, so they should be protected against freezing. In winter, if covered with plastic film, the soil must be kept moist to prevent drought, and at the same time, it should be ventilated to prevent the breeding of germs.
7 Cutting seedling afforestation
The root system of cutting seedlings is shallow, and when the soil is dry, afforestation on the mountain is not easy to survive. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate strong seedlings with developed roots. After cutting into seedlings, move the seedlings into nutrient pots as soon as possible to cultivate strong and developed roots. After the cuttings take root, they should be transplanted in time, with a spacing of 50cm×50cm. If it is a big seedling planted on the mountain in the nursery, when the height of the seedling is 30~50m, the top should be removed in time to promote the branching and cultivate a high-yield tree with uniform branches and stretched branches.