Scalpel: Multi-purpose movable handle, with handles of different lengths and blades of different shapes and sizes selected according to the needs during operation.
Surgical scissors: there are bending scissors, straight scissors and thread removal scissors, which are blunt and sharp; Blunt and sharp. Long blunt curved scissors are mostly used in deep thoracoabdominal surgery. Direct shearing of the tip is generally used for cutting lines and dissecting superficial tissues. Surgical scissors for ophthalmology and plastic surgery are smaller and finer.
Surgical forceps: used to clamp tissues for dissection and suture. The tips of tweezers are divided into toothed and toothless (flat tweezers). Teeth are divided into coarse teeth and fine teeth. The dust end of tweezers is divided into sharp end and blunt end. Clamping hard tissue with coarse tooth pliers causes great damage; Fine tooth pliers are used in fine surgery, such as plastic surgery. Toothless tweezers are used for fragile tissues and organs; Fine-pointed forceps have little damage to tissues and are used in vascular and neurosurgical operations.
Suture needle: referred to as suture needle, there are straight needle and curved needle, and curved needle is commonly used in China. Circular needles are used to suture organs, blood vessels, etc. , little damage; The front half of the triangular needle is three-spindle-shaped and sharp, which is used to sew tough tissues such as skin and ligaments, and has great lethality.
Surgical forceps: There are many kinds: ① Needle-holding forceps: or needle-holding forceps, used for holding needles and suturing tissues. It can also be used to clamp blades and assist upper and lower blades. ② Vascular forceps: There are many kinds, the main difference lies in the different alveolar beds, such as straight, arc, right angle and arc. The tip of common vascular forceps is flat end. For vascular surgery, the teeth in alveolar bone are thinner and shallower, with better elasticity, less squeezing effect on tissues and blood vessels and less damage, so they are called noninvasive vascular forceps. Other forceps include tissue forceps for clamping soft tissues (rat tooth forceps), oval forceps for clamping gastrointestinal tract, fixed and sterilized intermediate forceps, sponge forceps for clamping gauze pieces or organs (ring forceps), gastric forceps, renal pedicle forceps and so on.
Retractor: or retractor, which is used to expose the operating field and is easy to operate. There are various types and fixed retractors suitable for various surgical needs. In addition to manual retractors, there are also automatic retractors and omni-directional retractors used to expand the surgical field of abdominal surgery.
Anastomotic instruments: gastrointestinal stapler and vascular stapler have replaced needle and thread suture in some gastrointestinal and vascular surgery, simplifying the surgical process. Its instrument principle is the same as that of stapler, so it is also called stapler, such as end-to-end anastomosis stapler and gastrointestinal anastomosis stapler.