Etiology:
The factors leading to cleft lip and palate are not fully understood, but may be related to the following factors:
① Genetic factors: Genetic studies have proved that this disease is polygenic, and 20-30% of patients have positive genetic factors. We often see similar deformities in patients' relatives.
② Environmental factors: vitamin deficiency during pregnancy, mother's infection with virus during pregnancy, exposure to X-rays, hormones or anti-tumor drugs, antihistamines, tobacco and alcohol stimulation, etc. It may cause a series of distortions such as gene mutation.
To sum up, there are various teratogenic factors, but they are not very clear, which can be simply considered as a polygenic genetic disease.
Symptoms:
Cleft lip is not good-looking, and it affects breast suction, pronunciation and alveolar bone development.
Treatment:
Cleft lip and palate seriously affects aesthetics, swallowing, pronunciation and psychology. Cleft lip is mainly treated by surgery. It is generally believed that the appropriate treatment time for cleft lip is 3-6 months. Neonatal surgery is risky and the repair effect is not very good. However, too late will bring bad psychological influence to children and parents. The main surgical methods of cleft lip are rotary propulsion, lower triangular flap and straight line method. Rotary propulsion is widely used in the world, and the application scope of straight line method is too narrow. In addition to functional cleft lip repair, it is now advocated to correct cleft lip nose deformity while repairing cleft lip. Due to various objective factors, it is often necessary to perform multiple cleft lip operations to achieve the best surgical results.
Prevention:
Pregnant women eat folic acid to reduce rabbit baby's lips.
Pregnant women eat more folic acid to reduce the congenital defects of baby rabbit lips.
Experts found that if women eat folic acid during pregnancy, it will reduce the birth defects of infants with cleft lip and palate.
The researchers say that if pregnant women have children born by family members, then additional supplements may help women.
Experts have long known that folic acid can reduce the risk of brain injury and spina bifida in infants.
Recent studies have also shown that folic acid can reduce the risk of Down syndrome and leukemia in infants.
At present, doctors advise pregnant women to take folic acid supplements in the first three months of pregnancy.
Broccoli is a dish containing a lot of folic acid.
Related to genes
The researchers said that their research showed that women's intake of extra folic acid in early pregnancy could help reduce the birth defects of infants with cleft lip and palate.
However, the researchers said that further research is needed to confirm this finding.
Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital defect, which occurs in at least one in every 1000 newborn babies in Britain.
This happens in the early pregnancy, and the maxilla of the fetal mouth fails to join normally.
Babies with cleft lip need multiple operations and speech therapy to remedy this congenital defect.
This disease is also closely related to genes. If a baby's brother or sister also has this congenital defect, then the baby is 30 to 40 times more likely to have this defect than other babies.
It is understood that the incidence of rabbit lip is relatively high. Generally, there are 1 2 cases of congenital "rabbit lip" in every 1000 newborns. There are more than 6.5438+0.7 million patients with cleft lip in China, most of whom are hereditary diseases. But why are there children with rabbit lips? Is the folk rumor that "my mother ate rabbit meat during pregnancy" true, or is it because my mother fell during pregnancy? Experts joked that it is extremely unscientific to say that eating rabbit meat and wrestling will cause rabbit lips.
At present, the origin of cleft lip and palate can not be known exactly in medicine, which is usually caused by the following two reasons: environmental factors are mainly the following situations that may lead to cleft lip and palate in the early pregnancy (before 3 months of pregnancy): viral infection: such as upper respiratory tract infection of pregnant women, rubella and so on. Drug effects: such as taking antiepileptic drugs, cholesterol-lowering drugs, antiallergic drugs and anticancer drugs. Endocrine: mental or damaging factors, such as intense mental stimulation and physical trauma. Nutritional factors: vomiting, anorexia and partial eclipse in early pregnancy lead to vitamin D, folic acid, iron and calcium deficiency. Other factors: such as X-ray exposure, smoking, excessive drinking and lack of oxygen. In addition, a considerable part of cleft lip and palate is hereditary. Generally, the probability of cleft lip and palate in the first child is 1/600. If the first child is cleft lip and palate, the probability of cleft lip and palate in the second child is 3/ 100.
Experts say that children with severe cleft lip will affect breastfeeding and cannot breastfeed normally, leading to malnutrition. Children's unclear articulation will affect their language development during their growth and development. In addition, due to the defects of their own appearance, being laughed at by friends around them after entering school age will make children feel inferior, thus causing psychological obstacles.
Cleft lip repair surgery is best in 3 ~ 6 months after birth, because at this time, the child's general condition has become relatively stable and it is safe to operate. At this time, the development of the child's lips is also more conducive to surgery. But bilateral cleft lip surgery should be safer after the child is 6 months old. We should strive for the repair of rabbit lips within 1 year. There are many kinds of surgical methods for cleft lip and forehead repair according to the different conditions of each patient, but no matter which surgical method, developmental deformity may occur with the growth of children's age, and secondary or even this repair is needed to achieve "perfection". In short, patients with cleft lip should be treated as soon as possible, which can not only reduce the risk of surgery, but also leave fewer scars after surgery.
Experts remind that the older parents are, the greater the chance of children suffering from congenital cleft lip. In order to reduce the chance of children's cleft lip, parents should have a lower childbearing age. Pregnant women should not smoke, drink or take drugs during pregnancy, but also maintain a good and healthy attitude to avoid the occurrence of congenital children.