In fact, its correct name is bone cement. Its main component is polymethyl methacrylate, which is mainly used in artificial joint replacement surgery.
This fixation is quite firm and can last for more than ten years, even more than twenty years.
Extended data
Generation of bone cement
Bioactive ceramics, as bone filling and repairing materials, have been widely used in clinic, but these materials are all blocky or granular after high temperature sintering and have no plasticity.
During the operation, doctors can't shape the patient's bone defect at will and can't completely fill the abnormal bone cavity. On the other hand, the fixation of artificial joints and the internal fixation of unstable fractures also need a new biomedical material. Therefore, a new biomaterial, bone cement, has become the focus of people's attention.
Classification of bone cement
During the development of biological bone cement, two systems were formed: PMMA bone cement with poor biocompatibility and calcium phosphate bone cement with good biocompatibility.
PMMA bone cement: The traditional acrylate bone cement, represented by polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA), is a self-curing adhesive composed of powder and liquid at room temperature.
However, PMMA is a biologically inert material and cannot form an organic chemical interface with the host bone tissue. In addition, its clinical application is limited due to insufficient heat generated during curing polymerization, cytotoxicity of monomers and limited operation time.
CPC bone cement: calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was first proposed by Brown and Chow in the United States in the 1980s. CPC is a mixture of one or more kinds of calcium phosphate powder and liquid phase, which can self-cure under physiological conditions.
For example, under the conditions of temperature (37℃) and humidity (100%), the solidified product similar to human bone tissue-hydroxyapatite or calcium infiltrated apatite can be obtained, so it has certain biodegradability and good biocompatibility.
Advantages and disadvantages of bone cement
The biggest feature is fast fixation, and early rehabilitation activities can be carried out in the field after operation. Of course, bone cement also has some disadvantages, such as occasionally causing high pressure in bone marrow cavity when filling, causing fat droplets to enter blood vessels and causing embolism.
In addition, it is different from human bone after all, and the artificial joint may still loosen after too long. In order to overcome the shortcomings of bone cement and better benefit patients, doctors and technicians are improving it in many ways. On the one hand, the material formula is improved, on the other hand, the replacement process is improved.
If a special bone cement gun is used to fill and place the decompression tube, complications can be reduced and it is safer. If a proper proportion of bone particles are added to the bone cement, the bone particles will be absorbed in the future, and the human bone tissue will slowly grow into the bone cement, which can achieve the purpose of self-fixation and is not easy to loosen. I believe that with the continuous development of science and technology, bone cement will be more and more familiar to everyone.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia bone cement