In Kunming, Yunnan Province, the germination period is from late March to early April, the leaf exhibition period is from early April to late August, and the new shoots grow rapidly, and the defoliation period is165438+1mid-October.

Second, the requirements for environmental conditions

I like warm and humid climate, with an average annual temperature of 15.2℃ and a maximum temperature of 4 1.7℃, and I am relatively cold-resistant, even at-15℃. However, low temperature at flowering stage will affect flowering, pollination and flower development.

Carya illinoensis needs more water, which varies from year to year. Generally, an appropriate amount of rain is needed in the spring shoot growth period before flowering, continuous rain is avoided in the flowering period from late April to mid-May, and the development period of fruits and naked buds is from June to September, which requires sufficient and even rainfall. The requirements for light are not high. Young plants need a cool environment, so hickory seedlings must be artificially shaded. Adult trees do not grow well on sunny and dry slopes. Weathered gravelly loam should use loose calcareous schist rich in humus, and it is best to use oil black soil, yellow soil developed on limestone and yellow soil developed on sandstone, slate and shale. Red soil and sandy soil are not suitable for Carya cathayensis.

Third, reproduction.

At present, sowing is the main method, and rootstock seedlings can also be used for propagation. Sowed seeds need nuts to be fully ripe. After the seeds are harvested, they are selected by water and sown in autumn. When sowing, the seeds must be placed horizontally. If you don't sow in autumn, you must store it in wet sand. Seedlings usually need to be cultivated for 2 years before they can be planted in nurseries. It can also be propagated by grafting in spring.

Fourth, planting

We should choose plots with deep soil layer, loose soil, sufficient water and sunny lee for planting. The suitable plant spacing is 4m× 5m ~ 7m× 8m. The planting hole requires a diameter of 1 ~ 1.5m and a depth of1~1.2m; The topsoil and the core soil are separated. First, lay a layer of straw at the bottom of the pit and cover the topsoil to 20cm. Add 50 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 g of methyl bromide powder and 500 g of calcium superphosphate, and mix well with soil. 2- 10 month seedling, 65438+. After planting, fix the tree tray and water the feet. It can also be broadcast live to create a fruit forest. The sowing time is from June 10 in winter to March of the following year, except for freezing weather. When transplanting, it is best to bring soil balls at close range, and when transporting for a long distance, the roots of seedlings will be immediately stained with mud after digging out, which can play a protective role.

Five, plastic pruning

Early pruning should be light, and more main branches should be left to make it bear fruit early. When pruning, make the canopy room ventilated and transparent. In the early stage, try to keep the upper branches of the crown, the lower part of the crown can be gradually thinned, and dense branches can be sawed off if necessary. The incision must be leveled and coated with protective agent to prevent decay.

After the Carya cathayensis tree enters the aging stage, all the parts above the crown regeneration branches can be sawed off, the sprouted regeneration branches can be cultivated, and all the dead parts of the main branches of the aging crown can be cut off. At the same time of pruning and renewal, it is best to combine deep ploughing and fertilization.

VI. Fertilization and Management

The output of high-yield garden is more than 500 kilograms per 667 square meters. Crops such as soybean, corn and atractylodes macrocephala can be intercropped within 1 ~ 3 years after the garden is established. In the process of intercropping, the garden should be cultivated and weeded, and at the same time, organic fertilizers such as burnt mud ash, cake fertilizer and manure should be properly applied. Weeds, shrubs, thorns and vines in the woodland should be mowed 1 ~ 2 times in July and August every year, and the mowed weeds should cover the woodland, and the plastic film should be ploughed into the soil in winter to increase soil fertility.

Before germination in spring every year, about 30kg of urea is applied every 667m2, 80kg of special fertilizer for fruit trees is applied during fruit expansion, and 3000kg of base fertilizer is applied in autumn. After entering the fruiting period, increase the fertilizer according to the results. Combined with chemical spraying, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed every 15 days, 0.3% urea can be sprayed in the early and late growth stages, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed in June-July. Irrigation of overwintering water and germination water in winter. Drainage and flood control should be done in time in rainy season.

This fruit tree is fertilized twice a year. In February, radial ditches were opened along the tree disk, and 20 kg of corn stalk and 5 kg of manure were applied to each plant. In July, ternary compound fertilizer was mainly used, and 0.2kg was applied per square meter.

Seven, pest control

The main diseases are leaf spot and scab, and the main pests are aphids and chalcophora japonica. Focus on the prevention and control of pests and diseases in orchards in winter, and prevent smelting in time according to the occurrence of pests and diseases in the growing period.