Scalpel: used to dissect organs, nerves and blood vessels.

Scissors: used to dissect and cut off redundant tissues, make nerve specimens and cut off bones. It is best to use wide-headed scissors to cut nails for civil use.

Tweezers: used to hold materials.

Anatomical plate (wax plate): used for fixing materials.

20 ml syringe: used for injecting preservatives.

Specimen bottle or jar: used to hold soaked specimens.

Pin: used for sample setting.

Glass sheet: inserted into the sample bottle to fix the sample.

Plastic film, gauze and wax thread: used to seal specimen bottles.

B) chemical supply

40% formaldehyde solution (formalin) or 95% alcohol: used as preservative.

Ether: Used to anesthetize animals.

Polyurethane (Maritain) glue: used to seal specimen bottles.

Paraffin: preparation of sealing wax for specimen bottles.

Synthetic camphor: used as an insect repellent.

Naphthalene: Used as an insect repellent.

Preparation of vertebrate specimens

A) When the whole preserved animal specimens are soaked, the preservation solution is not easy to penetrate, and the internal organs are easy to rot after a long time, so the preservation solution should be injected for preservation. You can insert a needle on the syringe into the head, chest and abdomen of the lizard and inject a small amount of 10% formalin respectively.

B) The fixation of plastic-impregnated specimens is very important, which should be done carefully from beginning to end. Anatomical plate or wax plate when fixed. Put the lizard injected with preservative flat on the anatomical plate, with its back facing up, and put a wadding pad under its head and neck to raise its head. If you want to open your mouth, you can put a filler in it. Arrange forelimbs, hind limbs, trunk and tail according to ecology, and fix fingers, toes and tail with pins (see Figure 8). If the specimen bottle is short, you can bend the tail. Grass lizard's tail breaks easily. If the tail is broken, you can insert it with thin bamboo wires, connect the broken tail, and then straighten your posture. Soak the brush in 40% formalin and apply it to lizard skin twice. After 1 hour, the fingers, toes and tail tips of the front and rear limbs of the lizard specimen have been set and hardened, and the needles are taken out and soaked in 10% formalin. 10% formalin can be used as a transitional immersion liquid, which can soak the yellow liquid in the lizard body and avoid polluting the immersion liquid when it is formally bottled. Samples should be soaked in 1 ~ 3 months, and new liquid should be changed 3 ~ 4 times in the middle until the immersion liquid no longer turns yellow.

In fact, the above steps are similar, and there are some simpler methods:

For example, take it alive (consider washing it clean), fix it in a place like glass and let it stand, and throw it directly into 95% alcohol. Remember to change the wine after it becomes cloudy.

Plant specimens, also known as pressed specimens. The manufacturing process is as follows:

1) squeezing and drying. Spread a few sheets of paper with strong water absorption on the collected specimens and correct the positions of flowers and leaves of the specimens. When placing specimens, we should pay attention to the natural state of plants and avoid flowers and leaves pressing together and overlapping each other. One or more flowers and leaves of the specimen should be turned to observe their backs. Then use a pressure plate or specimen to hold it down and tie it tightly with a rope.

You must be diligent in changing paper. For fresh specimens just collected, the paper should be changed 3-4 times a day for the first 3 days, at least 2 times, and then/kloc-0 times a day. The changed wet paper is dried in the sun for reuse. The time required for drying depends on the nature of the plant itself. The drying treatment of plants usually takes about 4 ~ 5 days. The simple way to identify whether the specimen is properly dried is that when we pick up the specimen, if there is no dried specimen, individual soft parts are easy to bend and sag; Too dry specimens are easy to bend and break; Moderately dry specimens are elastic and not easy to be damaged.

2) disinfection treatment. Because there are often bugs or eggs in plants, if they are not disinfected, they will be eaten and destroyed by bugs.

Disinfection method can put the dried specimen in a disinfection room or a disinfection box, then put dichlorvos in glassware, put them indoors or in a box, and fumigate and kill insects. You can take out the binding in about 3 days.

3) Paper feeding and labeling. Put the dried specimen on the table paper, set the position, make it as beautiful as possible, and pay special attention to the flower branches of the specimen not too close to the edge of the table paper, otherwise it will be easily damaged. There are many ways to solve it. Specimens can be sewn firmly on the table paper with thread; You can also stick a note on the desk paper, or where you want to fix the plant branches on the desk paper. Cut a small mouth with a knife (just wide enough to pass through the paper strip), pass through the paper strip, and stick both ends of the paper strip on the back of the table paper.

(PS: If you don't know the label, you can consider asking the gardener nearby or directly asking your biology teacher =. =)

Every wax leaf specimen must be labeled. The label is the scientific proof of the specimen, and the label should be clearly filled out item by item according to the field records. Usually attached to the lower right corner of the table paper.

4) Paste the specimen lining paper. Finally, stick a glossy paper with the same size as the dining table paper on the upper edge of the dining table paper, so that the glossy paper can cover the specimen and protect the specimen.