Persimmon belongs to the genus Persimmon of Persimmon family, which is native to China and widely distributed. From the north to the south of the Great Wall, from the northwest to the south of Shaanxi and Gansu, from the south to the southeast coast, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces, and from the southwest to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

Persimmon tree has beautiful shape, dark green and shiny leaves, and turns red in autumn, so it is a good shade tree.

After mid-September, the fruits gradually turned orange-yellow or orange-red, and many fruits hung in the shade, which was very beautiful. Because the fruit is not easy to fall off and the leaves are backward, it can still be hung on the tree, so the ornamental period is extremely long and the ornamental value is high. It is an excellent tree species produced by combining gardens, which is suitable for both urban gardens and natural scenic spots.

Persimmon is a deciduous tree with a height of 15m.

The crown of the tree is open, spherical or obtuse conical.

Bark is dark gray, rectangular small pieces are cracked, branchlets are densely yellow-brown pubescent, and then fall off.

The leaves are nearly leathery, ovoid, broadly ovoid, oblong ovoid or obovate, with sharp tips, dark green luster at the top, light green at the bottom, and yellowish brown fur along the veins.

Dioecious or heterozygous, the flowers are yellow-white or nearly white, the calyx and corolla are 4-lobed, the calyx is large, the fruit is hairy when it matures, and the flowering period is May-June.

Berries are oblate, ovoid or oblate, and are bright yellow or orange when ripe; Calyx is persistent, and the fruiting period is from September to 10.

Persimmon trees grow strongly, and can grow in areas with an annual average temperature of 9℃ and an absolute low temperature of -20℃, but they are not cold-tolerant. Drought-resistant and barren, not resistant to long-term water accumulation, and burying silt will cause death.

Strong adaptability to soil, but neutral or slightly acidic clay loam or loam with deep soil layer and good drainage is suitable. Deep roots lead to long life.

Persimmons germinate late and hibernate early. It germinates in mid-April, blooms about 35 days after germination, and the flowering period is about 20 days.

After flowering, the ovary began to swell, and the fruit matured in about 130 ~ 150 days. The fruit ripens in August ~ 1 1 month, and the leaves go into dormancy in late 1 month.

Its flower buds are mixed buds, including unisexual flowers and bisexual flowers, which belong to summer and autumn differentiation type. They are planted at the top of spring shoots and below the terminal buds 1 ~ 2 buds. In spring, shoot new buds first, and plant buds at the axils of the third to seventh leaves of the new buds. Generally, the top bud has the strongest seed setting ability. It grows twice a year, the first time until mid-June, and the spring shoots after flowering; The second growth is from fruit setting to mid-September, which is autumn shoot, and the growth of autumn shoot is carried out at the same time as fruit expansion.

The latent buds of persimmon trees have a long life, and the ability of regeneration and branch formation is also very strong, and the regenerated branches are fast and firm.

Persimmon trees have a long life span. Generally, they begin to bear fruit 4-6 years after grafting, and reach the full fruit stage after 15 years. 100-year-old trees can still produce high yield, and 300-year-old trees can still bear fruit.

Persimmon, as a kind of garden tree, adopts multi-trunk modeling, and the general modeling belt is about 2.5 meters.

Young trees choose the top branch of the vigorous trunk as the central main branch, and the lower 2 ~ 3 branches as the main branches, which will be supplemented later. It takes 3 ~ 4 years to cultivate and shape.

After the crown is formed, arrange weak branches, leave good branches, and then cut off 1/3. Due to different varieties, the opening angles of branches vary greatly, so we should pay attention to the rationality of the distribution of main branches. The shaping, maintenance and pruning of persimmon trees are all carried out during the dormant period.

Pruning adopts the method of combining thinning, shrinking and cutting to concentrate on rejuvenation. For the first fruiting trees, it is necessary to pay attention to the short cutting of the main branches, promote them to sprout branches under the incision, reduce the formation of bare bands behind them, and form compact fruiting branches by culture.

For robust young trees, staggered semi-circular girdling is carried out on big branches or trunk at flowering stage, and the girdling width is less than 0.5 cm, which can promote moderate growth and improve fruit setting rate.

Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission after entering the fruit, cultivate strong fruiting branches in the inner room to prevent the fruiting parts from moving out, pay attention to the combination of thinning and shrinking, cultivate fruiting branches, prevent internal baldness, and maintain a strong tree. When pruning, the combination of thinning and shrinkage is adopted, and the exposed area is longer, so that the resulting part moves to the front of the main branch and retracts, so as to promote the healthy growth of the new branches behind, and the sparse branches, weak branches, pest branches, weak branches and strong branches are removed, reducing nutrient consumption and promoting the formation of small new branches.

Contraction should be moderate, avoid being too heavy, too urgent or too light, and avoid taking risks.

For the branches that grow weakly after fruiting and cannot become the mother branches in the year of fruiting, the branches that bear fruit year by year should be appropriately cut short and reserved as preparatory branches to bear fruit in the next year. In order to keep spare branches, the redundant fruiting branches are generally cut into 1/3 short branches as spare branches.

Persimmon trees germinate easily and grow branches in vain. Except 1 ~ 2 buds, all buds can be smoothed in the germination stage, and the rest should be picked in time to prevent excessive growth.

New shoots that are valuable in the vigorous growth period can also be picked when they are 20 ~ 30 cm long, that is, around the flowering period from late April to early May, so that they can have secondary branches to form flower buds.

If there are many flowers on the fruiting branches, after the new branches appear in April-May, part of the fruiting mother branches can be cut short from the base to force the secondary buds to germinate and the branching can adjust the tree potential.