China's biggest infrastructure advantage is high-speed railway, because almost all the huge infrastructure systems and high-speed railway networks need the highest capital, technology and organizational capacity.
Russia has a 650-kilometer high-speed railway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg, with a top speed of 250 kilometers per hour, which is equivalent to the train in our country. Russia hopes to extend the high-speed rail line from Moscow to Kazan by 700 kilometers, and then to Yekaterinburg by 2030, or even extend the high-speed rail line extending to Beijing by 7,000 kilometers in the long run. However, after 20 14, the international oil price plummeted, and Russia fell into economic difficulties and had no money to continue its ambitious plan.
Brazil, the economy is booming 20 10. In order to welcome the 20 16 Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil wanted to build a high-speed railway from Sao Paulo, with a total length of about 400 kilometers. It is estimated that it will cost 1 1 billion dollars. Subsequently, Brazil was fleeting and prosperous. After the economic crisis, it abandoned the high-speed rail plan.
The per capita GDP of Russian, Pakistani, Mexican and other countries is similar to that of China, and it will take a long time to add several hundred kilometers of high-speed rail. Although these countries also have demands and plans, the construction speed and capital investment of high-speed rail are several orders of magnitude lower than those of China. Even considering that China's population size and economic scale are several to ten times that of Russian, Pakistani and Mexican, we can see a huge gap in infrastructure organization capacity.
Another advantage of China's infrastructure projects is expressway.
By the end of 20 18, the mileage of expressway in China reached143,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world; By the end of 20 19, this figure will be close to150,000 kilometers, which is about 1.5 times that of the United States. Expressway in China has formed a dense network and invested a lot of money. It is not difficult for Russian, Pakistani and other countries to build several expressway. The difficulty is to build a dense mesh network, which lacks a lot of funds. ..
Russian territory is vast and cold, the roads are sparsely populated, expressway's income is not high, but there has been no expressway. In recent years, Russia is preparing to build a 2000-kilometer-long expressway, which is the shortest high-speed line connecting Belarus with Kazakhstan and China, and it is a crucial period for European traffic.
Brazil claims to be 200,000 kilometers? Expressway? But most of them are paved roads. According to this statistical method, China is about 2 million kilometers. Expressway in Brazil has reached the level of expressway in China, and there is no specific statistical data at present, but on the whole, expressway in Brazil has high cost and poor road conditions. Brazil is as big as China, but the expressway system is quite different.
The construction of dense high-speed railway network and expressway network requires not only firm determination and long-term planning, but also a large amount of capital investment, and it is quite difficult to recover risks such as capital and financial burden. But if such infrastructure construction is not carried out, it will affect economic efficiency and industrial development, thus dragging down the whole economic operation, and Russia, Brazil, Mexico and other countries will fall into? Middle income trap? .