Each subgenus is divided into 6 species, *** 12.
There are about 40 species of peach plants in the world. The peach plants in China are mainly distributed in western and northwestern China, Central and Western Asia and the Mediterranean region. According to the morphology and geographical distribution, the genus Peach is divided into two subgenera:
(1) subgenus of true peaches: 6 kinds of peaches originated in China, including Gansu peach, Shaanxi-Gansu peach, Guangdong walnut and Xinjiang peach. The fruit of this subgenus is juicy, non-cracking, very small, and the peel is dry when mature.
(2) Subgenus Almond: There are six kinds of almond, dwarf almond, elm leaf plum, Xikang almond, Mongolian almond and long-handled almond. Originated in China. When the fruit of this subgenus is ripe, the pulp is dry and juicy, and it splits into two petals. The nucleus naturally separates, and few people do not crack.
peach
Latin scientific name: persica；; peach
Small deciduous tree of Prunus in Rosaceae. The more important varieties are nectarine, flat peach, longevity peach and peach. Among them, nectarine and flat peach are cultivated as fruit trees, Shouxing peach and Bitong peach are mainly for viewing, and Shouxing peach can also be used as dwarf rootstock of peach. This tree is 4 ~ 5 meters high. Annual branches are reddish brown. The leaves are mostly lanceolate, the leaf margin is serrated, and there are often nectaries at the base of the petiole. There are two patterns: roses and bells. Drupe is mostly round or rectangular except flat peach, and the fruit surface is evenly distributed with fuzz except nectarine. The pulp is white, yellow or flushed, and a few are red; Soft, crisp or dense meat; There are different pits on the nuclear surface, which is an important basis for the classification of species and varieties.
There are more than 3000 kinds of peaches in the world. There are about 800 species in China, which can be divided into five species groups according to their geographical distribution and biological morphological characteristics:
① Northern variety group. Mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin, Qinghai, Ningxia and other places.
② Southern variety group. Distributed in the Yangtze River basin and Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions.
3 yellow meat people. Originally distributed in the northwest and southwest, it is now more in coastal areas.
④ Flat peach variety group. It is cultivated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.
⑤ nectarine variety group. Distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu. Like light, weak cold resistance.
Suitable for dry climate, excessive rainfall causes white branches and leaves to grow, fruit drop is aggravated, quality is reduced, and glue is easy to flow. Suitable for sandy soil with neutral acidity and good drainage. Generally by grafting propagation. Its rootstocks are peaches in the south of China and peaches in the north. It is also useful to use this rhizome or plum, plum, apricot and cherry as rhizome. The common modeling method is natural and happy modeling to adapt to its light-loving characteristics. The pruning method depends on the variety, tree age and environmental conditions. The propagation and cultivation management of ornamental peaches are generally similar to those of fruit peaches. Diseases include peach leaf shrinkage, anthracnose, gummosis and so on. Pests include red-necked longicorn beetles and aphids. Bagging is often used in southern China.
Peach fruit is nutritious, tender and juicy, delicious and fragrant. Besides fresh food, it can also be processed into preserved fruit, dried fruit, jam, fruit juice, canned sugar water or frozen peach slices. You can also use medicine.