The landscape architecture in China has a long history, a long history, unique style and extraordinary artistic conception. Beautiful garden scenery gives people extraordinary enjoyment of natural artistic conception, and also gives people the feeling of lingering home.
Garden architecture can be roughly divided into two types: one is garden architecture; The second is garden planting. They are interdependent, interpenetrating, inseparable and indispensable. Only by organically combining the two can we create a harmonious and beautiful garden boutique. Based on years of practical experience and observation, I try to point out the essence of garden construction from the following aspects.
Generally speaking, these elements can be expressed as "Joe, irrigation, flowers, grass and vines;" Water, roads, bridges, stones, lights ". Of course, these elements can be called landscaping units in garden construction and can be attributed to garden planting. Among them, the first five elements are pure botanical contents, which are the most vital contents in garden planting; The latter five elements can be regarded as "transitional elements" between landscape architecture and landscape planting, which complement each other and complement each other.
1 garden plant elements
The pure botanical content in garden planting is the most important in garden construction. A garden without plants or a garden with less than a certain proportion of plants is not a real garden. In the planning and design of garden planting, whether it is a theme square or a theme park, the area of plant community usually reaches more than 65%. Simply understood, the garden is flowers and plants, and the forest is trees. In a complete comprehensive garden landscape, trees, shrubs, flowers, grass and vines are indispensable. Arbor is the backbone plant in garden planting, which has great influence on garden layout. It can play a leading role in function and artistic treatment. Trees can be divided into big trees, medium trees and small trees. Generally, the height of big trees can reach more than 20m, middle trees are between 10 ~ 20m, and small trees are between 5 ~ 10~20m. The appearance characteristics of large, medium and small trees are different, which determines their different functions in garden planting. Trees can generally be used as symbolic plants and background plants with green hearts, and also have the function of shading, and the dosage should be tailored for gardens. When the marginal forest belt or centralized landscape beautification, the middle tree is usually used as the decisive factor and cluster arrangement; Small trees are often cleverly planted and landscaped according to different tree shapes and mosaic characteristics.
Shrub trees are short, with no obvious trunk or short trunk. Because of the variety of colors, they are mostly used for matching landscaping, often supplemented by shaping and pruning measures, and some of them grow to form clusters and become the main body surrounded by flowers and plants.
Flowers and plants are the basic content of green space construction, and green space without flowers and plants cannot be called green space. Green space construction has certain requirements for the number of flowers and plants. Flowers refer to a kind of plants with beautiful posture, bright colors, fragrant flowers and ornamental value, but usually refer to some grass flowers, but sometimes there are trees and shrubs, which belong to flowers and trees, so it can be said that the definition of flowers is very broad; Grass mainly refers to lawn grass, which is an indispensable subject in all kinds of garden green space construction. The lawn grass species selected in the construction of garden green space in northern China are mainly cool-season lawn grass. Grassland can cover the bare ground, which is beneficial to prevent soil erosion, protect the environment and improve the microclimate. It is also an ideal place for tourists to have outdoor activities and rest. At present, the source of grass seeds has gradually changed from imported to domestic.
Lianas mainly refer to a series of lianas used for planting in garden green space, also known as "climbing plants". Its most prominent role in garden planting is "vertical greening". The greening effect it creates is like a hanging green screen, from a slope of more than ten degrees to walls, railings, rocks and so on. As long as it is visible and tangible, once it is stuck, it can climb up and multiply rapidly to form a green screen. At present, the most commonly used vines in gardens in northern China are Parthenocissus tricuspidata, buckwheat, honeysuckle and so on. In addition, there is a wild resource species "milk grid", which also has good vertical greening effect and has certain development prospects.
2 transitional elements of landscape construction and planting
The "transitional elements" in garden planting refer to "water, road, stone, bridge and lamp". Although these five elements have been used for a short time, they are rich in connotation.
Water plays an important role in garden planting, especially in the north, the garden green space with water always gives people a feeling of "vitality", and the position of water in garden green space is almost indispensable. It can make the garden produce many vivid landscapes, form open spaces and transparent lines, and is an important factor in landscaping. Once upon a time, the fashion of people's landscaping with water stagnated at the level of "a pool of stagnant water", but now the water used for landscaping has already formed a moving picture of "spring water spewing into a stream". Among them, "vivid charm" is the "vitality" of waterscape in modern garden construction.
As the skeleton and vein of the garden, the road is the link between various scenic spots and an important factor of the garden landscape. Naturally, it will involve the construction of all kinds of garden green space, which is the embodiment of the design concept of "people-oriented" and the inevitable result of highlighting the theme of "returning to nature". Because of the super permeability of the road, it sometimes spreads around like a human blood vessel, and sometimes it is alone like the stairs of a tall building. According to different scales and different landscape requirements, road construction also has its own advantages. In some large-scale theme square green spaces, road settings may be symmetrical and regular. In a word, the road is designed for people and is an important embodiment of personalization and socialization in gardens.
The application of stone in garden construction has long been known to people, especially in garden construction. Its wide application in garden planting is a new thing in recent years, but its role is more dazzling than before.
There are not many stones used in the north-south garden green space, but they definitely have the function of making the finishing point. Generally, most of the landscaping stones are naturally formed. A statue or a group of them are random, but they are mostly made by professional "stone readers", and there are regular or irregular stone gardens such as rockeries and stone carvings, which are extensions of stone products and fine products.
Bridges are built on the basis of water and roads. Where there is water and road, there must be a bridge. It not only has the functions of connecting traffic and organizing tour guides, but also has the functions of separating water surface, forming scenery and embellishing scenery. The builders of bridges give modern gardens more dreamy colors. The bridge can be a path built on the water flow, or a waterway built on the ground or in the air to keep the water flow going. Sometimes bridges are just made out of thin air, not for water or roads, but for building bridges and landscaping; Sometimes the gushing of water is not only a sudden dynamic and static effect, but also to moisten the air or just to moisten the ground. The relationship between bridge, water and road in modern gardens is inevitable and accidental, and it is this accident that embodies the ingenuity and vividness in garden design.
Lamps and lanterns are new things in garden construction, and they are also the main representatives in modern garden construction. Its function is not only lighting, but also beautifying. Through the changes of color, shape and light and shade, it touches people's vision and mind and inspires people's love for life. In some areas and cities, the function of lamps has been further applied, and lamps have been imitated into the specific shapes of some animals and plants to show the characteristics of the city. For example, the street lamps on the main streets of Dalian have been made into Sophora japonica. In the garden layout, the diversified use of lights embodies the harmonious unity of garden workers and lamp makers, and harmony is beauty. This variety of garden lighting with changeable shapes, rich colors and novel ideas is the modern beauty of human civilization and progress, and it is also a way for garden works to present to people at night.
3 other elements of garden construction and planting
Just like the pace of time, everything in the world is constantly advancing, some tend to be perfect and prosperous, some tend to die out and decline, but it contains an eternal philosophy: metabolism. When we commented on the former "cross formula" with great interest, three new elements of landscape architecture, sound, field and animal, appeared inadvertently.
Simply put, sound is sound, that is, when the garden is planted, the sound with design effect is arranged in the garden in a flexible and ingenious form, thus forming a modern garden with sound and more vitality. At present, there seems to be a misunderstanding in the practical application of sound, that is, the phenomenon of single tone and multi-channel in the whole audience always gives people a sense of full audience like a slight earthquake. Of course, this feeling is sometimes necessary, but it is not always the case. I think the layout of this sound effect should be set for the landscape, for example, trees and Woods and bamboo forest scenic spots can play the sound of drizzle and birds singing; Corner pavilions and scenic spots can play that kind of breeze and light songs, giving people a pleasant feeling closer to nature ... In short, divide the sound insulation area reasonably according to the landscape; The playground is simply an open space, and it is a place for people to have leisure, activities, fitness and entertainment in the garden green space. Regardless of the scale and expected standard of planting green space, a certain proportion of leisure space must be set aside, otherwise it will deviate from the original intention of planting green space. Of course, the form of this "field" is even more eclectic and varied. Sometimes pavilions can be used instead, sometimes trestles can be used instead, and sometimes only paths can be used instead. Animals mainly refer to the wild animals that exist in the garden green space close to the natural environment. It is understood that in western countries, the existence of wild animals, especially birds, is often regarded as an important symbol to measure the construction of urban green space and the quality of urban environment.
Looking back on the above, we have gradually built a garden green space with the characteristics of northern gardens through the assembly and combination of various landscaping units. Combined with the actual situation, due to the influence of different spatial scope and use value, it is not necessary to set up more than a dozen landscaping elements for each green space, but to distinguish priorities according to the actual situation, adapt to local conditions and use them flexibly to achieve beautiful and harmonious results. However, she is still not perfect, because the world is moving and people's imagination is quite rich. Any new thing, any new material can make people enhance the value of garden works at any time. However, no matter how the world changes, no matter what things you are in, as long as you can grasp the main points of things and learn the essence of them, you will always be in an invincible position and even enjoy the initiative at the forefront, thus realizing your desire to continue to contribute garden products to a harmonious society.
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