Planting method of potted fig
Pot planting
The size and quality of the container determine the volume and growth potential of potted roots. Fig is a shallow fruit tree. When planting figs on the balcony, pottery pots with a diameter of 40-50 cm and a depth of 25-30 cm are usually the most suitable. In addition, Ficus carica does not require high soil conditions, and is most suitable for growing in deep, fertile, loose and well-permeable neutral to alkaline soil. Therefore, potted soil can be made of sandy loam 2 parts, vermiculite 1 part, manure 1 part, or garden soil 2 parts, peat 2 parts and compound fertilizer 1 ~ 2kg. You can choose to put the basin in the middle and late March, and it is best to stick tiles on the leaking holes at the bottom of the basin before putting the basin.
Fertilizer and water management
In early June, diammonium phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate was applied once, and the dosage was 0. 3kg。 After dissolving in water, evenly pour the fertilizer solution into the basin. In late August, compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements can be applied once, and the dosage is 0. 5 ~ 1 kg。 At the beginning of June, the leaves can be sprayed with paclobutrazol. The method is to dilute paclobutrazol 300-500 times and spray it every 15 days 1 time, which can be sprayed continuously for 2-3 times. It can achieve the effects of inhibiting the growth of new shoots, shortening the pitch, making branches strong, promoting inflorescence differentiation and fruit development. Light rain reminds us that fig trees are drought-resistant and waterlogged-tolerant, so they can be more extensive in water management, and should not be watered too much, especially in fruit maturity, which will cause fruit cracking.
Plastic trimming
Because the growth rate of fig trees is amazing, potted figs should pay special attention to shaping and pruning. When pruning, firstly, the plants should be short, and after potted, they should be cut off at 15 ~ 20 cm. The second is to control vegetative growth and cultivate a compact tree with dense branches and short branches. Fig branches can be divided into long branches, middle branches and short branches, all of which can bear fruit. The flower bud is differentiated from the leaf axil at the base of the petiole and develops into fruit. It is suggested that pruning methods such as removing core, wiping bud and pulling branches should be adopted in the peak growth period of fruit trees in May and June.
Cultivation method of potted fig
1, basin and basin soil:
Choose pottery pots, wooden cases and wooden barrels with good air permeability, which can be used to cultivate figs. The diameter is 40 ~ 50 cm, and the height can be similar to or slightly larger than the diameter of the pot.
It is required that the basin soil is loose, rich in organic matter and good in permeability of fertilizer, water and gas. Humus soil under mountain broad-leaved forest is the best. It can also be prepared by loam, sand and decomposed manure13 each.
2. Planting method:
① Seedling transplantation:
Plant 1 year-old seedlings in flowerpots after defoliation or before spring germination. Before planting, fill more than half of the nutrient soil in the basin and compact it. Transplanted seedlings should be watered first, immediately transplanted into pots with soil after water infiltration, take root as much as possible, and then fill the soil to make the roots closely connected with the soil. The soil surface is flush with the basin edge, and the soil surface is 2 ~ 3 cm away from the basin edge after watering.
② Direct insertion in the basin:
Before the sap flows out in early spring, the thick and full 1 year-old branches are used as cuttings, cut into 20cm branches and directly inserted into the pot. Because fig branches are easy to take root, green branches with leaves are also easy to survive in the growing period.
③ Stratification:
Before germination to early growth, the 1 annual branches or perennial branches of the existing potted banyan or fig planted in the field are pressed into another pot or barrel, and the layering should be pressed into the pot soil by about 10cm.
3, potted fig plastic:
After planting, leave 3 ~ 4 buds at the base of seedling trunk for pruning, and choose 3 main branches in different directions that year. Fig is a light-loving tree, and its main branches should be open at an angle. The main branch can be pulled to 60 ~ 70 by pulling branches. In the second year, the mixed buds on each main branch can sprout and bear fruit. The length of main branches should be controlled at about 40cm, and the main branches that are too lush should be picked in summer. When pruning in winter, the fruiting branches should be weakened and kept vigorous. The extended branches of the three main branches should be recovered and updated year by year to control the crown and make it appropriate in size.
4. Management:
Potted figs should be controlled to grow vigorously so as to produce moderate branches. Therefore, watering times should not be too much. As long as the leaves don't wither, there is no need to water them. Secondly, topdressing should be reasonable to prevent excessive fertilization from causing fertilizer damage, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be properly coordinated, and the fertilizer concentration should be small. Generally, 1 soaking fermented bean cake water, animal hoof horn water or urea diluent is applied every half month in the growing season. In autumn and late August, 1 NPK compound fertilizer or calcium carbonate, bone meal and plant ash can be applied. There are very few pests and diseases in figs, and basically no spraying is needed. Branches before 5 years old are easy to freeze, so before winter, move the pot indoors or wrap grass on the branches to prevent cold and winter.
Planting and cultivating method of fig
Cultivation techniques, using cutting. Lamian Noodles. Layering propagation, especially cutting propagation.
breeding method
cutting
In the middle and late March, select robust branches of 1 ~ 3 years old with short internodes and branch thickness of 1~ 1.5cm from excellent mother plants, cut them into cuttings with a length of 30~50cm, furrow them at a row spacing of 50cm, and insert them obliquely into two-thirds of the soil to expose the remaining soil. Cutting in summer can be done with semi-lignified green branches. Rooting takes place about 1 month after cutting. Cultivation 1 year can be transplanted. Cuttings can also be stored in wet sand for 1 month, and then cut after callus formation. Propagation by ramets: Plant by ramets in February-March, with the plant spacing of (3-4) m? (3~4) meters are planted with holes. Prune before planting, remove dense branches or dead branches, and plant before sap flows or leaves appear.
Field planting
Can be potted or cultivated in barren slopes, fields and courtyards. When farming in barren hillsides, fields, courtyards, etc. The planting density can be increased appropriately. 1? 2 meters, planting single pit depth of 50-70 cm. With a diameter of 40-60 cm, mixed fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium (such as human and animal manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer, etc.) are used as base fertilizers, and the suitable planting period should be around Qingming Festival in North China, around Grain Rain in Northeast China, and after autumn defoliation in South China, but the flowering and fruiting period should be avoided.
Management and maintenance
Plastic trimming
The pruning of figs is relatively simple, and the technical requirements for pruning and shaping are not high. Generally, the pruning method of natural happiness with multiple main branches is adopted, but the whole plant should be kept at 3? There are 5 main branches without side branches, and the main branch group is directly planted on the main branch. In the young tree period, we should focus on cultivating the main branches, pay attention to improving the angle of the main branches, promote multiple branches, and achieve the goal of rapid crown expansion. After entering the first fruit stage, special attention should be paid to cultivating more branches to promote the formation of a certain yield. Pay attention to cultivating backbone branches, renewing large and medium branches, and cutting and shrinking weak branches during the full fruit period. For trees with aging or serious diseases and insect pests, the main branches and branches can be re-cultivated by using budding branches or hidden buds on the base or branches. Figs began to ripen in mid-July, and gradually reached165438+1October. The picking of figs should generally be carried out in sunny morning or evening. When there is a small hole at the top of the ripe fruit and the peel appears the color of the inherent variety (red and yellow varieties), pick it. Over-ripe fruits are not resistant to storage and transportation after harvesting.
Tiantuan management
After the plants survive, loosen the soil and weed. In June and July, apply human excrement and urine or ammonium sulfate 1 time again. After planting, it is necessary to cultivate the crown to form a non-layered tree or a natural happiness tree. There are many main technologies. Generally, the trunk can be fixed at the height of 50crn, leaving 5~7 main branches, and appropriately selecting side branches to fill the gap. After the trunk is shaped, it should be trimmed every year to remove dense branches, pests and dead branches. The thinning potential is mainly light shearing. If the fruit is mainly harvested in autumn, 2~3 buds can be cut short on the fruiting branches. If the fruit is mainly harvested in Xia Guo, it should not be cut.
In the growth period of young fig trees, if the base fertilizer is insufficient, it should be fertilized. The method is to apply about 5 kg of decomposed miscellaneous fertilizer to the plant at a distance of about 40 cm from the main root; Potting should be applied at least 1 kg. Mature trees should be applied with decomposed farmyard manure about 1.5kg, basal fertilizer before and after defoliation, and topdressing should be in the period of vigorous new shoots and rapid fruit expansion. Ficus carica is a fruit tree, which is more tolerant to fertilizers, but more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied. Generally, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.5: 1: 1. Because it is drought-resistant and waterlogging-resistant, it needs a lot of water during the growth of new shoots and fruit expansion. However, long-term waterlogging or heavy ponding environment is likely to cause flowers, fruits, leaves and even death, and attention should be paid to drainage. Potted plants should also pay attention to drainage, especially in the rainy season after heavy rain or rainstorm, and pay attention to shelter from rain or control water.
control of insect