Cultivation and Management of Osmanthus fragrans \x0d\ Osmanthus fragrans leaves are full of flowers and need to consume a lot of nutrients. It is suitable for growing on sandy soil with deep soil layer and rich humus, and can also grow normally on cohesive soil. Although the leathery leaves of osmanthus fragrans have a certain ability to resist smoke and dust pollution, after being polluted, there will often be a phenomenon that only leaves grow without flowering. \ x0d \ x0d \ Osmanthus fragrans transplantation can survive, and the most important thing is water. Therefore, in transplantation, everything should focus on the conditions needed by osmanthus fragrans. \x0d\ 1。 Earth-digging ball: The diameter of the earth ball dug during transplanting should be about ten times of the DBH of trees, and try to take the DBH of trees as the standard. The dug soil ball should be wrapped with packaging material to avoid loosening the soil ball. \x0d\ 2。 Pruning: Because osmanthus fragrans grows slowly, try to keep the main branches when transplanting. On the premise of ensuring the integrity of the canopy skeleton, all branches and leaves grown in the last growing season will be moved forward, and at the same time, branches of diseases and insect pests, twigs, residual branches, endogenous branches and virtual branches will be moved forward. It is forbidden to move all branches and leaves except the trunk. Because osmanthus trees are not easy to grow new leaves after cutting off leaves and leaves. \x0d\ III。 Base fertilizer: Osmanthus fragrans is a fertilizer-loving tree species, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied when planting. The base fertilizer should be decomposed organic fertilizer, such as compost. The surface of the soil ball for planting osmanthus should be flush with the ground. If the planting area is prone to water accumulation, the soil ball should be higher than the ground when planting. \x0d\ IV。 Water spraying: The key to the survival of osmanthus planting is water spraying. Spray root water immediately after planting, and be sure to spray enough. After that, the aboveground parts of the seedlings should be sprayed with water two or three times a day, depending on the weather. But the roots of osmanthus fragrans should not be sprayed with water every day. Generally, root water should be sprayed once a week except when planting, but it must be sprayed thoroughly. \x0d\ V. Planting time: The best planting season of osmanthus fragrans is around the sprouting of new branches and after autumn flowering, that is, February-May and June 10~ 1 1. If you really want to transplant in the hot and dry season, you must increase the corresponding shading facilities after transplanting and increase the number of times you spray water on the branches and leaves every day. \x0d\ Key points of Osmanthus fragrans conservation: \x0d\ (1) intertillage weeding. Tree tray with trunk as the center and diameter of 1 m, with emphasis on loosening soil and weeding. After irrigation or rainfall, intertillage and loosen the soil to prevent the soil from hardening. \x0d\ (2) Water supply and drainage. Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of the same year. Newly planted osmanthus fragrans must be watered and permeable, and the canopy of the plant should be sprayed with water conditionally to maintain a certain air humidity. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, so timely drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants, combined with certain sand planting, can promote the growth of new roots. \x0d\ (3) Rational fertilization. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, apply organic fertilizer to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. Newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans should not be topdressed too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil before covering it. (4) plastic trimming. \x0d\ ① Bud peeling: peel off the useless buds at the lower part of the trunk during germination. \x0d\ ② Thinning: Keep a certain branch height and cut off useless branches. Generally, the branch height of osmanthus fragrans after completion is about1.5m. ③ Short-cut: Cut off the top branches that are growing too vigorously, so as to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans around 3.5m and the crown width between 2.5m and 3m \x0d\ osmanthus fragrans is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China. Its cultivation history has reached thousands of years. Because of its greening, beautification and fragrance, it has been an excellent landscaping tree species since ancient times. \ x0d \ 1。 Osmanthus fragrans blooms 5438+00 from September to June, and the fruit matures from late March to late April of the following year. When the fruit enters maturity and the peel gradually changes from green to purple-black, it can be harvested. The collected fruits are piled and retted for about 3 days. After the peel becomes soft, wash it with water, remove the peel and pulp to get clean seeds, dry them a little, and moisten them with sand. Because osmanthus seeds have a post-ripening period, wet sofa buds usually take 8 months. 2. Seeding and seedling raising methods are commonly used. A large number of osmanthus fragrans seedlings can be obtained by sowing seedlings. The seedlings have strong growth, developed roots, strong vitality and long life, especially the trunk is developed, which is suitable for street trees or shade trees. This method is often used to cultivate single-dried osmanthus seedlings in Guilin. Sowing is usually carried out in wide rows, with the row spacing of 20-25cm and the width of10-12cm. Sow 20 kilograms per mu, and there are 25,000 to 30,000 osmanthus seedlings per mu. Before sowing, the umbilical cord should be oriented to one side, covered with one or two centimeters of fine soil, covered with a thin layer of straw, and sprayed with water until the soil is soaked to prevent soil hardening and reduce water evaporation. After the seeds germinate, uncover the grass cover in time and put the grass between rows, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the weeds from growing. \ x0d \ 3。 Maintenance technology \x0d\ (1) intertillage weeding At present, most nurseries still use manual intertillage weeding. Tree tray with trunk as the center and diameter of 1 m, with emphasis on loosening soil and weeding. Mechanical intertillage with small tractors. Generally, mechanical intertillage can be used to weed in large seedling areas with row spacing 1 m or more. The small seedling area can be carried out two or three times a month. In addition, after irrigation or rainfall, in order to prevent soil hardening, intertillage should be carried out to loosen the soil to facilitate the growth of seedlings. \x0d\ (2) Water and drainage Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of that year. The newly planted osmanthus must be watered, and it can be watered in time according to the weather and site conditions. Conditionally spray water on the crown of the plant to maintain a certain air humidity and reduce the evaporation of water from the seedlings. In addition, in order to promote the early flowering of osmanthus fragrans, in mid-September, when the flower buds begin to germinate, appropriate amount of water should be used to keep the soil moist. Osmanthus fragrans seedlings do not need a lot of watering during normal maintenance, but can be properly watered in particularly dry summer and autumn. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, and poor drainage will cause a lot of fallen leaves, root rot and even death. Drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants in time and planting with a certain amount of sand can promote the growth of new roots. \x0d\ (3) Rational fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, before the buds begin to swell, the roots begin to move and absorb fertilizer. Therefore, in early spring, organic fertilizer should be applied to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Spring shoots are branches that bloom in autumn that year. Spring seedlings are growing vigorously and will bloom more in the future. After Osmanthus fragrans blooms in autumn, in order to restore tree vigor and supplement nutrition, inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. The newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans has weak absorption capacity because of its damaged root system, so it is not appropriate to topdressing too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil and covered with soil, and the root system should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer, so as not to damage the root system and affect the survival rate. \x0d\ Fertilizer must be applied where the roots can absorb it. Seedling roots are concentrated, and transplanting is easy to survive. Therefore, fertilization in nursery should not be too far away from seedling crown, otherwise the root system will expand outward. But it is not suitable to be applied under the trunk, which is not conducive to the absorption of fertilizer. (4) Pruning osmanthus fragrans is an important measure to cultivate single-dried osmanthus fragrans. Timely and reasonable pruning can make it ventilated and transparent, strengthen photosynthesis and reduce pests and diseases, so that osmanthus fragrans grows rapidly, its trunk is straight and its tree shape is beautiful. \x0d\ (5) Before transplanting seedlings, the transplanting site must be deeply plowed and harrowed, and "three plows and three harrows" shall be adopted. Deep tillage and fine harrow can improve the physical properties of soil, keep the soil loose, increase the permeability and water retention capacity of soil, facilitate the activity of aerobic bacteria, promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer and create a good growth environment for roots. \x0d\ One-year-old Osmanthus fragrans seedlings are 25cm high and transplanted for the first time in the early spring of the following year. The height of two-year-old seedlings is 60 cm, and that of three-year-old seedlings is 120 cm. Carry out the second transplant, the plant spacing is 1× 1 m, take as much soil as possible, leave more roots, and cut off the main roots appropriately. When the trunk diameter of Osmanthus fragrans seedlings reaches 3-4 cm, it can be transplanted for the third time, with a row spacing of 2.5×2.5 meters and soil balls. Osmanthus fragrans can leave the garden when the trunk diameter reaches 6 to 8 cm. As a large osmanthus seedling for landscaping, it usually needs to be cultivated for more than 8 years. \x0d\ Osmanthus fragrans can be transplanted at any time except in midsummer and severe winter. In Guilin, the climate is warm. As long as you bring a good soil ball, you can transplant it all year round. But the best time is the end of June 165438+ to February of the following year. At this time, the root wound of transplanted osmanthus fragrans heals quickly, which can catch up with the growing season in spring, which is very beneficial to the recovery of osmanthus fragrans growth, and the planted osmanthus fragrans can bloom normally almost in the same year. \ x0d \ 4。 The influence of unfavorable factors and countermeasures \x0d\ (1) There are few pests and diseases of osmanthus fragrans cultivated in the open field in Guilin, and there are occasional pests such as red spider, whitefly, scale insect and cobia insect, so it is necessary to spray pesticides in time and prevent them in advance. \x0d\ (2) The growth of osmanthus fragrans polluted by smog needs clean air. Smoke pollution will affect the development of new shoots of osmanthus fragrans or cause a large number of fallen leaves, which will affect the normal growth of osmanthus fragrans. It is necessary to strengthen management, increase the resistance of osmanthus fragrans, stay away from dust, and let osmanthus fragrans grow normally.