After studying in Shanghai Medical College, Li Xi received the inculcation and strict training from a group of pioneers who were the best in modern medical education in China at that time in the extremely difficult environment of Japanese invaders' long-term aggression against China. The school spirit of "respecting science and patients" in his alma mater has gradually cultivated his medical ethics and formed his personal characteristics of lifelong struggle. In particular, four brothers and sisters of Li Qian's family were killed by Japanese invaders at the same time, and his hatred for the country and family made him form a strong sense of justice when he was young. Li Xi 194 1 worked in Chongqing Central Hospital and Guiyang Central Hospital after graduation from medical school. At that time, the living conditions in the rear area were extremely difficult, but Shanghai Medical College and Chongqing Central Hospital concentrated a group of pioneers and elites of modern Chinese medicine. As a young surgeon, it was there that Li Xi was directly guided and beaten by famous surgeons such as Shen Kefei, Wang Lixian and Professor Huang Jiasi, and received the most rigorous basic training in all aspects, from studying, doing things and even being a man. Later, he was sent to Guiyang Central Hospital to join the China Red Cross Rescue Team, and worked with the Chinese Expeditionary Force in Baoshan, mangshi and other border areas and entered Myanmar. He devoted himself to the sacred anti-Japanese campaign to open up the Yunnan-Myanmar highway, treated countless wounded and civilians in the field operation team for more than a year, and also honed his field surgery skills. After the Anti-Japanese War, Li Xi returned to the mainland and transferred to Nanjing Central Hospital (now the predecessor of Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region). At that time, the professional work in this first-class hospital broadened his horizons, made him familiar with and mastered the clinical characteristics of abdominal surgery and various classic surgical procedures, and had the ability to work independently. From 65438 to 0947, Li Xi came to Hangzhou to seek greater development in his career. First worked in Hangzhou Citizen Hospital, then joined Zhejiang University Medical College (renamed Zhejiang Medical College after the adjustment of departments in the early 1950s). From 65438 to 0958, he was transferred to Wenzhou Medical College and worked as a warm doctor for 26 years. 1983, transferred back to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University. 1993 was approved by the Ministry of personnel to "suspend retirement and continue to engage in research and writing", so he served as an in-service professor in the medical department of Zhejiang University until his death.
In the early 1950s, Li Xi worked in the Department of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Medical College, and served as the director of the Department of General Surgery.
He is also the pioneer of tumor surgery in Zhejiang. In the mid-1950s, he sent department doctors to study abroad and began to purchase equipment. An oncology department was set up in the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University to organize the clinical, pathological and radiotherapy work of tumors. This department later became the technical basis of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, the earliest cancer hospital established in China, and many business backbones at that time later became famous cancer experts in the whole province.
1In the autumn of 958, Qian was transferred to southern Zhejiang to participate in the establishment of Wenzhou Medical College, which was undoubtedly a great blow to his ambition to devote himself to the cause of tumor surgery. However, he unconditionally obeyed the mobilization of the organization and devoted himself to new medical care, teaching and scientific research under extremely difficult working and living conditions. In medical practice, he deeply realized that most primary hospitals at that time were mainly abdominal surgery, so he resolutely shifted his business focus to abdominal surgery, and tirelessly explored, thought and summarized in this field, further accumulating rich clinical experience. Under his leadership, the professional level of general surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Warm Medicine has been greatly improved.
During his 26 years working in Wenzhou, Li Xi traveled all over the mountains and rivers in southern Zhejiang, making numerous consultations at the grass-roots level, guiding difficult operations and rescuing critically ill patients. He worked tirelessly, indifferent to fame and fortune, and made a positive contribution to relieving the suffering of the people in southern Zhejiang who were blocked by traffic and had difficult conditions.
Li Xi is also an excellent medical educator. He and his colleagues started from scratch in a large paddy field outside the south gate of Wenzhou and founded Wenzhou Medical College, the first institution of higher learning in southern Zhejiang. He has taught "general surgery" and "surgery" for decades. His lectures are persuasive, simple and easy to understand, and he is good at mobilizing students' learning enthusiasm, which is well received by students. The vivid scenes of his lectures are still deeply imprinted in the memory of students forty or fifty years ago, and are still talked about by them.
During his tenure as the director of the teaching and research group of general surgery in Zhejiang Medical College, Li Xi clearly realized that compiling and using his own teaching materials is an important infrastructure to improve teachers' ability and teaching quality. 1953 wrote a 380,000-word lecture on general surgery, which was well received by peers.
1955, colleges and universities began to use unified textbooks, and the General Theory of Surgery used at that time was edited by Rufanov of the Soviet Union. In the teaching practice, Li Xi found that there were many improper and fallacies in the textbook, so in 1956, he risked great political risks at that time and published a book review of "After Reading Rufanov's General Surgery Book" in the China Journal of Surgery, criticizing the shortcomings and even principled mistakes of the textbook one by one, showing his academic conscience and moral courage. After the publication of this article, it has produced repercussions in the scientific and academic circles at home and abroad.
Shortly after working in Wenzhou, the working environment and reality made him come up with the idea of filling the gap in domestic abdominal surgery monographs and put it into action quickly. After six years of hard desk work, from conception, compilation of outline, data collection to repeated revision, this manuscript of Abdominal Surgery with 6.5438+0.3 million words and hundreds of illustrations has been reviewed by Professor Shen Kefei and Professor Cui Zhiyi of Shanghai First Medical College. However, just as Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House was typesetting and proofreading the manuscript, the ten-year turmoil began.
Abdominal Surgery was finally published in 1973, with the first print of 80,000 copies sold out. This is one of the earliest monographs published in the field of abdominal surgery in China, which has influenced a generation of general surgeons around 60 years old and has been widely quoted by many scholars' papers and works. Many general surgical scientists have learned a lot from studying this book. Professor Huang Jiefu, a famous surgeon and vice minister of the Ministry of Health, once recalled that he always regarded Qian Lao's monograph as a desk book. More basic general surgeons regard getting a copy of Abdominal Surgery as a blessing in life, study it from time to time, gradually learn the main points in the book by heart, and then use the principles and experiences put forward in this book to guide the younger generation of general surgeons. A book made Li Xi fall in love with countless young and middle-aged general surgeons whom he had never met before. As one reader said, when I read this monograph carefully, I can't express my admiration and admiration for Qian Lao.
General surgery, mainly abdominal surgery, has a long history of development. The diseases it covers are not only varied, but also unpredictable and unpredictable. Therefore, compared with other majors in the surgical field, it is difficult to achieve breakthrough results. Li Xi has been working in the clinical front line for a long time. He is good at thinking about cases and systematically summarizing theories. At the same time, he is good at absorbing the academic nutrition of others, including foreign literature, and forming his own opinions. The publication of Abdominal Surgery is the crystallization of his practice and thinking. Every disease involved in the book, especially many chapters on acute abdomen in abdominal surgery, almost vividly introduces his own experience or lessons in diagnosis and treatment, demonstrates various viewpoints at home and abroad with a large number of cases and materials, introduces them realistically even if he disagrees with his personal views, and clearly points out the shortcomings or limitations of some viewpoints and methods in order to attract readers' attention in practice. His diligent, rigorous, realistic and erudite spirit of scholarship and profound and unique academic opinions left a deep impression on readers.
Since then, he has written and published Abdominal Surgery 2nd Edition (654.38+06,000 words, 654.38+0.982), Breast Diseases (400,000 words, 654.38+0.983) and Thyroid Diseases (400,000 words, 654.38+0.984). He also edited monographs such as Modern General Surgery.
Diagnostic ideas and treatment procedures of surgical diseases (version 1, 5 10000 words,1994; The second edition (680,000 words, 2000) is another masterpiece of Li Xi in his later years. He believes that the "differential diagnosis" that has been used in clinic at present has many limitations, pointing out that "instead of diagnosing difficult cases, it is better to have a unified understanding of how to deal with them step by step and gradually find out the truth of the lesions in the process of treatment" and put forward a brand-new "analytical diagnosis". It is emphasized that the risk of operation, benefit rate and patient's tolerance should be considered comprehensively to make correct treatment. At the same time, it is advocated that medical education should start from students at school and pay attention to the systematic cultivation of relevant abilities.
In addition to these monographs, Li Xi also published dozens of papers. He has written more than six million words by himself, and is the most prolific author in the field of modern surgery in China. Among these works, Abdominal Surgery and Diagnostic Ideas and Procedures of Surgical Diseases are his most important works, and he is also famous all over the country for his important academic influence.
In the spring of 2006, Li Xi Abdominal Surgery, co-authored by Professor Li Xi, Academician Zheng Shusen, Professor Zhang Qiyu and other well-known middle-aged general surgery experts in China, was published by People's Health Publishing House, which is one of the few monographs named after medical scientists. According to the editor, the principles and lessons of clinical diagnosis and treatment in the two original versions of Professor Li Xi still need to be followed and used for reference by the surgical field. The original work is so profound in skill and unique in style. Therefore, apart from adding some new basic theories and technological innovations, the style, chapter order and content of the original work remain basically unchanged, which well reflects the inheritance and development of the original work. Professor Li Xi was the deputy head of the advisory group of the 3rd and 4th Council of Zhejiang Medical Association, honorary chairman and senior member of the 5th to 7th Council.
He has been paying close attention to the work of Zhejiang Surgical Branch. During the twenty-six years from 1978 to the end of 2003, he always actively participated in the organization of the activities of the surgical branch. He pays attention to carrying forward academic democracy, unites colleagues in the surgical branch, carefully plans and organizes every academic activity of the branch, and conducts academic exchanges closely around the latest progress of the discipline and the diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently-occurring diseases, so that participants can learn lessons and promote the development of general surgery in the province.
In order to strengthen the demonstration role of provincial hospitals and Hangzhou hospitals in general surgery in the province, he proposed to carry out general surgery networking activities in major hospitals in Hangzhou. He has long insisted on attending general surgery rounds in five hospitals in Hangzhou, including the First Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University, the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University, the People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, the First Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine, and the First Hospital of Hangzhou. He organized and planned discussions, worked together, concentrated everyone's wisdom, and formed * * * knowledge about clinical hot and difficult diseases, which was then extended to the whole province through academic annual meetings.
In order to expand communication and promote the status of general surgery research in Zhejiang, he proposed to set up a surgical cooperation group in six provinces and one city in East China. This organization regularly carries out activities, which has formed a good interaction with academic activities in Zhejiang, and promoted the general surgery academic circles in Zhejiang to better broaden their horizons and move toward the whole country.
In academic activities, Li Xi influenced and educated young and middle-aged surgeons with his rigorous academic thoughts, profound academic attainments and love for saving lives. His tireless master demeanor strengthened the interest and determination of young doctors to join in surgery.
Li Xi United Surgery Branch has carried out fruitful academic exchange activities and has become one of the most dynamic branches of Zhejiang Medical Association, laying a solid foundation for its successors to carry out their work. Li Xi is a deputy to the 6th and 7th National People's Congress, a member of the 7th and 8th Central Committee of Jiu San Society, and a central senator. He actively participated in the discussion of state affairs, put forward suggestions and assumed the social responsibility that an intellectual should have. Up to now, many people still clearly remember the scene that happened suddenly at the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh National People's Congress in April. 1988: After the first plenary session entered the speech procedure, he was the first to raise his hand and raise the question that the the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Municipal Education, Culture, Health Committee failed to arrange members of western medicine, which was unprecedented in the political life of the country at that time-how much courage it needed! This move shocked our family and many familiar friends and colleagues who watched the live TV broadcast of the conference at that time, and became a hot topic in media reports for a time. In this regard, he said, "I only considered the interests of the country and didn't think much about anything else." This suggestion was adopted and Professor Wu Jieping was added to the Committee.
For many years, Li Xi served as the director of Zhejiang Senior Health Technical Position Jury and Zhejiang Medical Accident Appraisal Committee. Faced with these two scientific and policy tasks, he always acted impartially and made great contributions to the smooth development of these two important tasks in Zhejiang. Although he is over 80 years old, Li Xi continues to make his modest contribution to the society. He made generous donations to the Red Cross and the Charity Federation to help those in need. In recent years, after donating 20,000 yuan to the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, it also donated 1.5 million yuan to the Yushu earthquake-stricken area. 2011February, Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government awarded Professor Li Xi the title of "Advanced Individual in Emergency Rescue and Disaster Relief" at the age of 97. After his death, Hangzhou Red Cross posthumously awarded him the "Humanitarian, Charity and Dedication Award". From Professor Li Xi's clinical practice and works, we can clearly see the context of his academic thoughts. He particularly emphasized that doctors should base themselves on the actual situation of patients and master the three links of "seeking truth, focusing on details, syndrome differentiation and treatment, and dialectical treatment"; In particular, it is emphasized that surgical treatment must ensure the current safety of patients and take care of the long-term effect. These discourses of "proceeding from the patient's reality" embody the philosophical basis of his academic thought of "seeking truth from facts". He repeatedly stressed that surgeons should have meticulous scientific attitude, logical and dialectical thinking, follow principles, pay attention to details, standardize handling, be good at dealing with emergencies, and so on. These expositions vividly show his academic accomplishment and rich connotation of thinking art. We can see that his academic thoughts formed through creative labor are highly consistent with the essence of "evidence-based medicine" proposed after the 1990s, which has had a great influence in the field of surgery in China.
For a long time, China's academic debates were often covered up by politics. Telling the truth academically may cause trouble and even bring disaster. Dare to stick to the truth and correct fallacies in academic circles requires not only the ability to distinguish between true and false, but also the moral courage to dare to tell the truth. Li Xi is not only a scholar, but also a foreigner. He is a model who dares to tell the truth. Today, there is no political risk in telling the truth academically, but worrying about whether it will offend some "authoritative people" or sacrifice their own vital interests is also torturing the conscience of every scholar.
Li Xi once said, "Writing books is a pleasure. How happy it is to pour out your unique experience and extract many regular things! " Only by teaching readers to analyze and solve problems by themselves, and then mastering the ability to draw inferences from others, and truly benefiting readers, can the value of academic works be reflected, which is exactly what Li Xi pursued tirelessly. In his works, there are many bright spots that move readers. On the other hand, in today's academic circles, it is not surprising that flashy works are prevalent, patchwork and meaningless works, and even copying other people's achievements. Contrary to Professor Li Xi's spirit, you should be ashamed of being such a writer.
Li Xi's 98-year life and academic career reflected the ups and downs of China's nearly 100-year history, and he even had to give up his favorite emerging major at that time. But "not idealistic" made him defend the dignity of science and scholarship, and "not following the trend" made him always find new academic concerns and walk out of his own new academic road. People need a little spirit. In his long academic career, he has always maintained a strong vitality, relying on the never-ending spirit of struggle.
Due to his advanced age, Li Xi gradually faded out of professional activities after 2004. The amazing development of modern medicine today seems to make some of his wonderful concrete expositions no longer attract people's attention as they did then. However, his series of principle requirements for surgeons and even any clinicians are still of great significance today. No matter how advanced the computer program is, it can't replace the doctor's thinking analysis. Being brave in practice and diligent in thinking are always the basic qualities of a good doctor and the requirements of patients. This is also the most valuable inspiration left by Li Xi's academic thought.
The success of Li Xi's career is inseparable from the full support of his wife, Ms. Zhao Yunhe (1920~ 1999). Especially in the twenty-six years when he worked alone in Wenzhou, far away from his family, under the background of the Great Leap Forward, three years of natural disasters and ten years of turmoil, Qian Furen had to complete the heavy work of an anesthesiologist in the Second Hospital of Zhejiang Medical University, take care of the housework of a large family who stayed in Hangzhou, and take on the heavy responsibility of taking care of many elderly people and raising four children. She relieved Professor Li Xi's worries without any regrets, so that he could concentrate on his career. Mrs. Li Xi's achievements have soaked her hard work. She combines the virtues of traditional women in China and modern professional women, and is a well-deserved wife of Li Xi.
What makes Professor Li Xi most gratified in his later years is that many of his descendants have embarked on the road of medical treatment: several of them have worked diligently in the clinical front line for decades, and their medical skills are exquisite, and even they have written a lot, which can be called successful careers; Grandchildren and grandchildren became nephrologists in the United States, and the second grandson was engaged in general surgery in China, directly inheriting the specialty of Li Xi. Money and gifts undoubtedly played a key role in their career choice. Even though the present situation of doctor-patient relationship in China is disappointing, and many doctors' descendants have given up "inheriting their father's business", the belief that future generations get from Li Xi is that doctors will always be lofty professions. "There is no end to learning, so we should think more about cases and analyze them reasonably to avoid misdiagnosis; Doctors are kind-hearted and regard patients as relatives and friends, which can avoid mistreatment. " We will certainly remember Li Xi's legacy and strive to be a good doctor like him.
Great changes have taken place in China, and the social and historical conditions that once created the colorful personality charm of Li Xi, a generation of old intellectuals in China, no longer exist. Faced with such a highly materialistic and technical social environment, how should our generation of doctoral scholars shape their own glory? This is another questionnaire that Professor Li Xi left for later schools. He is a strict teacher.