Engaged in urology for nearly 30 years, he has rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases, especially urological intractable diseases, and has deep attainments in neurourology, cavity urology, plastic urology, urogenital tumors and so on. He has rich experience and unique insights in neurogenic diseases of urinary system, complex urinary calculi, complex old urethral stricture, plastic surgery for genitourinary malformation, radical prostatectomy, bladder tumor and function preservation, and endoscopic surgery. The new neurological concept of "artificial somatic nerve-visceral nerve reflex arc" (artificial reflex arc for short) was put forward and confirmed for the first time in the world. Therefore, it won the second prize of International Neurourology Lapides (1993), Fyser Scholar Award of American Urology Society (2000), Wu Jieping Urology Medicine Award (2000), Hubei Natural Science Award (2000) and China University Natural Science Award (2000), and it was adopted by authoritative textbooks at home and abroad: Surgical Campbell Urology. 2002. The basic principle of artificial reflex arc is that the proximal end of the motor branch of the somatic nerve coincides with the distal end of the efferent branch of the sacral nerve that controls the bladder and urethral sphincter. If the motor fibers of the body nerve can be regenerated to replace the preganglionic fibers, an artificial' skin-spinal cord center-bladder' reflex arc will be formed. Animal experiments show that somatic nerve can regenerate and replace visceral preganglionic fibers to form artificial reflex arc, and hybrid regenerated nerve fibers have unique morphological structure, and normal neurotransmitters are produced and transported in artificial reflex arc. Nerve impulses generated by somatic motor neurons can cause bladder micturition reflex through artificial reflex arc pathway. This original and innovative research on restoring the function of internal organs by using heterogeneous nerve regeneration has been applied by the American Paralysis Veterinary Foundation and the American Paraplegia Society Foundation. Supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH R 01DK448771993-1997, R 0 1DK53063, all PI) (Annex 4) and scientific research funds such as National Natural Science Foundation, National Outstanding Youth Fund and Clinical Key Projects of Ministry of Health.
Theory and technology of applying artificial reflex arc
Since 1995, the treatment of paraplegic patients with uncontrolled urination and defecation has been successful. Therefore, it won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award (200 1), He Liang Heli Fund Science and Technology Progress Award (2002) and International Neurourology lapidus Award (2003). The clinical application research of this project started from 1995, and 92 cases have been treated.
14 paraplegic patients treated for the first time were followed up for 3 years. The results showed that 1 1 patients with bladder function recovered, rectal defecation function also returned to normal, 1 patients lost their follow-up, 1 patients gave up surgery because of too many local scars, and 1 patients failed in surgery. Among 6 patients with neurogenic bladder with high reflexivity, 5 patients recovered their urine storage and urination functions, and the average residual urine decreased from 365 438 0 7 ml to 29 ml. Of the remaining 8 patients with neurogenic bladder without reflex, 5 patients completely recovered their bladder urine storage and urination functions, and the average residual urine decreased from 288 ml to 32 ml, 1 case partially recovered. From 65438 to 0998, Academician Qiu Fazu and Professor Ye Xinsheng of the National Natural Science Foundation led relevant experts to the General Hospital of Pingdingshan Coal Industry Group in Henan Province to investigate the curative effect of artificial reflex arc surgery on four paraplegic miners, and they were very satisfied with the results. From 65438 to 0999, the Ministry of Health organized the appraisal of achievements, and experts from many disciplines, including seven academicians, agreed: "The theory of artificial somatic nerve-visceral nerve reflex arc combined with the knowledge of urology, neurology, orthopedics, microsurgery and other disciplines, successfully established the somatic nerve-visceral nerve reflex arc, and achieved encouraging clinical results. This will probably solve the problem that many patients with spinal cord injury are out of control, greatly improve their quality of life and self-care ability, and also save a lot of medical expenses and human resources, which has great social and economic benefits. Artificial reflex arc, a brand-new neurological concept, has a breakthrough sense of innovation, and its scientific research achievements have reached the international leading level. " This achievement has been repeated many times by colleagues at home and abroad. Foreign colleagues have also invited lectures and operations to seek cooperation or study Xiao's reflex arc. Professor Chuanguo Xiao also applied to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a clinical research fund of US$ 2.52 million (PI: chuanguoxiao, r0 1dk53063-0 1a2,10/999-12). In February, 2005, the Medical College of the University of Tubingen, Germany invited Professor Chuanguo Xiao to Germany to perform artificial reflex arc surgery on three patients with spinal cord injury to reconstruct defecation function. European Urology, July, 2005) invited Professor Chuanguo Xiao to write a review article on neural ladder.
According to incomplete statistics, CNN, FOX TV, 7 ABC TV, CCTV- 1, Hubei TV, Hubei Wuhan Evening News, Hubei Xianning Daily, Hubei Xianning TV, Hubei Economic Broadcasting, CCTV- 10, Changsha TV and other TV media have made positive reports.
Shortly after Xiao was arrested, an open letter of solidarity initiated by 365,438+0 international medical scientists and doctors was published on the Internet. It was originally written by a China scholar, who is the global authority on chiropractic and the Department of Neuroscience at Rutgers University (Cell Biology &; Dr. Yongwei Yang, professor and dean of neuroscience, uploaded it to the sci forum of Rutgers University, and then Wu Guosheng claimed in the blog of Science Network that he called Professor Michael R. Rugeri of Temple University in Philadelphia and obtained his approval for this open letter. In addition, Liu Shi's Sina blog revealed that this open letter was recognized by Professor Peters of the United States, and pointed out that this letter was addressed to the Minister of Health of China and the President of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the number of international medical colleagues signed increased to 34.
debate
"Shore reflex arc" is Chuanguo Xiao's initial skill. It is reported that this new concept of neuroscience uses the disused somatic nerve after paraplegia to connect it with the visceral autonomic nerve that dominates the bladder through surgery, and establishes an artificial "skin-spinal cord center-bladder" micturition reflex arc to restore the bladder micturition function of spina bifida patients. In an interview, Chuanguo Xiao quoted his teacher, the late Professor Qiu Fazu, as saying, "Our work, which is five years faster and ten years slower, should win the Nobel Prize."
In the late 1980s, Chuanguo Xiao conducted animal experiments in American laboratories. From 65438 to 0995, Chuanguo Xiao, an assistant professor at new york State University, applied his principles and techniques to paraplegic miners in Pingdingshan Coal Industry Group General Hospital. From 65438 to 0997, he was transferred to Chuanguo Xiao, School of Medicine, new york University, and served as the director of urology department of Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.
After that, Chuanguo Xiao applied for millions of government research funds in China, and from 2003 to 2008, he was awarded a major project of the National Key Basic Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology (referred to as 973) as the chief scientist. Although Chuanguo Xiao has won many honors, such as a large number of scientific research resources and the second prize of national scientific and technological progress, the controversy about "shore reflex arc" among domestic counterparts has never stopped privately.
At the same time, Chuanguo Xiao's technology has really attracted the interest of many colleagues in the United States and other countries. In particular, the American Journal of Urology published a paper by Kenneth Peters of William Beaumont Hospital in Michigan, and reported the clinical trial results of applying Chuanguo Xiao reflex arc technology to the first nine patients in North America. Unlike the paid surgery in Chuanguo Xiao, this hospital is still in the clinical trial stage, so it can't charge patients.
Peters said in the paper that a one-year follow-up study showed that under the condition of giving appropriate abdominal pressure, the bladder pressure of 7 patients increased, which was beneficial to urination; But there is also a patient whose feet are weak and prone to drooping.
However, two reviews published in the same period are cautious about this technology. Eric Kurzrock of the University of California, Davis, expressed the hope that this study would bring about a renewed attention to neurogenic large intestine and neurogenic bladder in the surgical field, but without the control group, the results were not statistically significant. John Park of the University of Michigan School of Medicine said rudely that the clinical efficacy revealed by this study is quite different from that previously reported by Chuanguo Xiao, and it will be extremely dangerous to apply it to medical treatment quickly before there is enough data to prove its effectiveness.
Peters received hundreds of thousands of dollars from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is conducting a five-year clinical trial. Chuanguo Xiao said on his blog that NIH approved the promotion of onshore reflex arc surgery in the United States. However, one post pointed out: "Xiao Lao will really flatter himself and' promote research'. Isn't it clinical trials to verify safety and effectiveness? "
The Ministry of Health said
201April 12, a spokesman for the Ministry of Health said that the Shenzhen Municipal Health Planning Commission met with Chuanguo Xiao and told Chuanguo Xiao not to carry out "shore reflex arc surgery or artificial somatic nerve-visceral nerve anastomosis" without approval. According to the Ministry of Health, this new medical technology is still in the clinical research stage and is not allowed to be used in clinical practice.