Craft is the mother of painting, sculpture and calligraphy. There are many processes and varieties, and there are usually two classification methods. One is to divide it into two categories: daily craft and display craft. The former refers to decorative daily necessities, such as cloth, tea sets, tableware, lamps, embroidery fabrics, knitwear, furniture, etc. The latter refers to ornamental exhibits, such as ivory carvings, silk flower, grass stickers, gold and silver jewelry, decorative walls, etc. The other is to divide the craft into four categories: traditional craft, modern craft, decorative art and folk craft from the perspective of production characteristics and artistic forms. Due to the differences in historical period, geographical environment, economic conditions, cultural and technical level, national habits and aesthetic concepts, craft production often shows different times styles, national styles and regional characteristics.
Craft is short for arts and crafts. Usually refers to the practical art of daily necessities and decorations with obvious aesthetic factors after artistic treatment in external form. It is based on the existence of "craft" and "art". Technology refers to the work, methods and skills of making materials or semi-finished products into finished products through artistic processing; Art refers to the art of shaping a visible plane or three-dimensional image with certain substances, so that people can appreciate it through vision; Arts and crafts refers to the art of making various articles with the methods and techniques of artistic modeling design and color decoration. Craft originated from the time when human beings began to make tools, which is the direct evidence of human origin. Marx pointed out in Das Kapital: "The technological society reveals the dynamic relationship between man and nature, the direct production process of man's life, and the direct production process of man's social living conditions and the resulting spiritual concepts." Most handicrafts are directly created by working people and are one of the basic forms of people's artistic creation. As an art, it was separated from handicraft production and formed as an independent department. Gorky said in Literature: "The founders of art are potters, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, weavers, painters and tailors, generally speaking, craftsmen. Their exquisite works delight us, and they fill the museum. " It can be seen that craft is a beautification skill activity for modeling and decoration of handmade products, and it is a craft culture directly related to material production formed in history.
What does the process equipment include? 5 points
Process equipment includes reactors, towers, heat exchangers, containers, heating furnaces, pumps, etc. Needed to implement this process.
Generally speaking, tooling is something exclusive to a product. For example, in the stamping workshop, the mold belongs to the tooling (the mold can only produce the corresponding stamping parts) and the oil press belongs to the equipment (the oil press can hold different molds for production); Welding fixture for welding belongs to tooling (welding fixture can only be used for a certain welding assembly), and electrode holder belongs to equipment (electrode holder can be used as long as it is suitable).
Fixture is a kind of fixture, which is not only used for welding, but also useful in machining. Many times, when you need to assemble several parts and ensure their accurate positioning, you need to use it.
The design of the fixture should be closely related to the product, because the fixture is specially designed for some products, and it is necessary to ensure that the production does not interfere, the positioning is accurate, and the operator is convenient to operate.
Simply put, it is a tool for clamping workpieces.
Fixture is a kind of special equipment or tool, which is used to clamp or position the workpiece in machining to meet certain technological requirements.
What is process equipment?
Process specification is a technical document to guide construction. Generally, it includes the following contents: the process route of parts processing, the specific processing content of each process, the basic cutting quantity, the man-hour quota, and the equipment and process equipment used.
Process equipment refers to various tools used in product manufacturing. Including cutting tools, fixtures, molds, measuring tools, checking tools, auxiliary tools, fitter tools and workstation appliances. , called tooling.
What are the technological equipment in mechanical manufacturing?
Mechanical manufacturing is divided into several stages:
Blanking stage:
If a special blank is needed, a casting or forging process is needed. This requires a foundry, and the traditional process is turning sand. Coke oven, electric furnace, air hammer or large hydraulic press are often used in forging workshop, of course, cold heading machine can also be used;
Mechanical processing stage:
Then there is mechanical processing, which is traditionally nothing more than turning, milling, planing, grinding and clamping. Now many enterprises have introduced CNC machining centers, which can replace turning, milling, planing and other processes. If it is a sheet metal part, you need shearing machine, bending machine, stamping equipment, punching machine and so on.
Heat treatment stage:
After the mechanical processing is completed, if there are requirements for the hardness of metal materials, heat treatment is needed. Heat treatment equipment includes electric furnace, salt furnace and quenching tank;
Surface treatment stage:
Finally, the surface treatment stage requires pickling first, and then plastic spraying, painting, electroplating, bluing or anodizing can be carried out.
For standard parts, skeleton production line is usually used for mass production.
In the process of mechanical manufacturing, what is the process equipment (tooling)?
Process equipment referred to as "tooling" refers to all kinds of tools, fixtures, measuring tools, molds, auxiliary tools, station appliances, etc. Achieve the requirements of the process specification. The purpose of using process equipment; Some are essential for manufacturing products, some are to ensure processing quality, some are to improve labor productivity, and some are to improve working conditions.
What are the main contents of advanced manufacturing technology?
1. Rapid prototyping. Representative product: 3D printer.
2. NC manufacturing and interoperability: NC layout and blanking: NC cutting; Computer aided analysis and simulated pouring; Computer aided process planning.
3. Computer integrated manufacturing system
4. Concurrent engineering. And the synthesis of design.
Wait a minute.
What is SMT process? What is included?
The basic process elements of SMT: screen printing (or dispensing)->; mount->； (curing)-> Reflow soldering->; Cleaning-> Detection->; Repair screen printing: its function is to print solder paste or patch adhesive on the bonding pad of PCB in order to prepare for the welding of components. The equipment used is a screen printing machine (screen printing machine), which is located at the forefront of SMT production line. Glue dispensing: glue is dripped at the fixed position of PCB, which is mainly used to fix components on PCB. The equipment used is a dispensing machine, which is located at the front end of SMT production line or behind the test equipment. Installation: Its function is to accurately install the surface assembly components to the fixed position of PCB. The equipment used is a mounter, which is located behind the screen printer of SMT production line. Curing: Its function is to melt the patch adhesive, so that the surface mount component and PCB board are firmly bonded together. The equipment used is the curing furnace, which is located behind the mounter in the SMT production line. Reflow soldering: Its function is to melt the solder paste, so that the surface assembly components and PCB board are firmly bonded together. The equipment used is a reflow oven, which is located behind the mounter in the SMT production line. Cleaning: its function is to remove welding residues harmful to human body on the assembled PCB, such as flux. The equipment used is a cleaning machine, and the location can be not fixed, online or offline. Inspection: Its function is to inspect the welding quality and assembly quality of the assembled PCB. The equipment used includes magnifying glass, microscope, on-line tester (ICT), flying needle tester, automatic optical inspection (AOI), X-ray inspection system, function tester, etc. This position can be configured in a suitable position on the production line according to the needs of detection. Rework: Its function is to rework the PCB board whose fault has been detected. Tools used include soldering iron, maintenance workstation, etc. Configured at any position of the production line. 1。 Generally speaking, the specified temperature of SMT workshop is 25 3℃. 2. Materials and tools needed for solder paste printing: solder paste, steel plate, scraper, wiping paper, dust-free paper, cleaning agent and stirring knife. 3. The commonly used solder paste alloy composition is Sn/Pb alloy, and the alloy ratio is 63/37. 4. The main components in solder paste are divided into two parts: tin powder and flux. 5. The main function of flux in welding is to remove oxides, destroy the surface tension of molten tin and prevent reoxidation. 6. The volume ratio of tin powder particles to flux in solder paste is about 1: 1, and the weight ratio is about 9: 1. 7. The use principle of solder paste is FIFO. 8. When solder paste is used in Kaifeng, it must go through two important processes: heating and stirring. 9. The common manufacturing methods of steel plate are: etching, laser and electroforming.
What does the so-called machining tool include?
Definition of tooling: "tooling" refers to the process equipment in the production process: it refers to the general name of various tools used in the manufacturing process.
Classification of tooling: including tools/fixtures/molds/measuring tools/checking tools/auxiliary tools/fitter tools/workstation appliances, etc.
Special tools, fixtures, molds, measuring tools, checking tools, auxiliary tools for processing, locksmith tools/workstation appliances for specific assembly, etc.
What equipment and tools are there?
Tooling refers to some facilities used to ensure the production of a certain product. Be careful not to confuse "tools" with "equipment". Generally speaking, tooling is something exclusive to a product. For example, in the stamping workshop, the mold belongs to the tooling (the mold can only produce the corresponding stamping parts) and the oil press belongs to the equipment (the oil press can hold different molds for production); Welding fixture for welding belongs to tooling (welding fixture can only be used for a certain welding assembly), and electrode holder belongs to equipment (electrode holder can be used as long as it is suitable).
What equipment and process equipment are needed for welding assembly?
Welding machine, fixture, manipulator, roller frame, positioner ...; There are many. It depends on your product. Visit big factories and learn some basic knowledge.